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Immunohistochemical Study on lipid Catabolism in Adult Onchocerca Volvulus
Seidu Mahmood Abdulai,
Adams Abdul Rashid,
Gyasi Kwame Richard,
Tettey Yao,
Nkansah Obenewaa Dinah,
Adunyame Lois,
Wiredu Kwame Edwin
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, August 2014
Pages:
65-69
Received:
13 June 2014
Accepted:
7 July 2014
Published:
30 July 2014
Abstract: Onchocerca volvulus is a parasite responsible for the disease, Onchocerciasis otherwise known as river blindness. Current treatment and control strategies are not entirely successful. This means there is a need for further studies to better understand the biology of this worm. Studies on metabolic pathways in the worm can provide valuable information to deepen our understanding of the mechanism of survival of the worm. Lipid catabolism for the provision of energy in this worm still remains to be elucidated. Knowledge of lipids composition and synthesis in this parasite has been mostly drawn from studies on filarial species other than O. volvulus itself. This is owed to the limited availability of parasite material due largely to problems with parasite cultivation and ethical demands on obtaining materials since it has a strict preference for the human host. To explore lipid catabolism in the worm itself, we performed immunohistochemical localisation of three major enzymes (A/B hydrolase, SDH and ME1) involved in lipid metabolism on paraffin processed archival O. volvulus nodules. We observed that up to 58.6% of worms in the paraffin processed nodules had detectable A/B/HD4, 51.6% had SDH and 63.3% had ME 1, most of which were stored in the muscles of the adult worm. These observations suggest that the adult O. volvulus can operate the B-oxidative pathway, The TCA cycle, and undergo anaplerotic transformation of malic acid to pyruvate to maximise energy production from lipid metabolism. This also suggests that O. volvulus has the capacity to catabolise lipids for energy even though it appears to be dependent on carbohydrate metabolism.
Abstract: Onchocerca volvulus is a parasite responsible for the disease, Onchocerciasis otherwise known as river blindness. Current treatment and control strategies are not entirely successful. This means there is a need for further studies to better understand the biology of this worm. Studies on metabolic pathways in the worm can provide valuable informati...
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Sedative-Hypnotic Like Effect of the Essential Oil from the Leaves of Myrtus Communis on Mice
Muluken Walle,
Bizuayehu Walle,
Legesse Zerihun,
Eyasu Makonnen
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, August 2014
Pages:
70-77
Received:
14 July 2014
Accepted:
28 July 2014
Published:
10 August 2014
Abstract: Myrtus communis has been recommended for relief of insomnia in Ethiopian traditional medicine and aromatherapy. However, no pharmacological studies have yet evaluated its sedative-hypnotic like effect. The aim of this study was to determine if the essential oil of Myrtus communis has sedative-hypnotic like activity. The essential oil of Myrtus communis (500,600, 800, and 1000 mg/kg) were administered orally to Swiss albino mice of both sex, 60 minutes before pentobarbital injection (50 mg/kg). Latency to sleep and sleep duration were recorded. More over the effect of the EO on motor-coordination and muscle relaxation were evaluated using Chimney and Traction test 60 and 90 min after administration of the respective doses of the EO respectively. The essential oil prolonged pentobarbital-induced sleeping time at 600, 800 (comparable to diazepam 3mg/kg), and at 1000 mg/kg compared to vehicle-treated group. The 50% negative response was observed on the Chimney and Traction test at 800 and 1000mg/kg respectively. The essential oil of Myrtus communis possesses dose dependent sedative-hypnotic like activity and CNS depressant activity.
Abstract: Myrtus communis has been recommended for relief of insomnia in Ethiopian traditional medicine and aromatherapy. However, no pharmacological studies have yet evaluated its sedative-hypnotic like effect. The aim of this study was to determine if the essential oil of Myrtus communis has sedative-hypnotic like activity. The essential oil of Myrtus comm...
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Quality of Life and Urinary Disorders in Metabolic Syndrome
Diagne N. S.,
Nait Khachat A.,
Azanmasso H.,
Tchonda E.,
Belhai K.,
Tahiri A.,
Lmidmani F.,
Diop A. G.,
Ndiaye M M,
El Fatimi A.
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, August 2014
Pages:
78-82
Received:
13 June 2014
Accepted:
9 August 2014
Published:
20 August 2014
Abstract: Introduction: Risk factors of urinary disorders in metabolic syndrome are known. Effect of their association is poorly documented. Objectives: Determine the types of metabolic syndrome as a largest provider of urinary disorders and impact of these on the quality of life. Methodology: We conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive, analytical multicenter study from january to May 2013. It was done in three centers: the departments of Physical Medicine and endocrinology of university hospital Ibn Rochd of Casablanca and the Lions Club’s "Insulin bank" of Cotonou, Benin. All patients with metabolic syndrome were included. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed for NCEP ATP III criteria. Variables such as demographic characteristics, metabolic syndrome, glycemia, triglyceridemia and HDL cholestrolemia were noted. Evaluation of Urinary disorder was conducted by Urinary Symptoms Profile scale (USP). Urinary Symptoms Profile scale has ten items. It accesses urinary incontinence, urge incontinence and dysuria. Evaluation of quality of life was conducted by SF Qualiveen Scale. SF Qualiveen evaluates bother with limitations, fears, feeling and frequency of limitations. Results: we included 68 patients. Women represented 82.2%. The mean of age was 54.43 years. Patients with diabetes represented 98.5%. The main types of metabolic syndrome were the following associations: diabetes, high blood pressure and obesity (19.1%); diabetes, high blood pressure and dyslipidemia (16.2%); diabetes, obesity and dyslipidemia (8.8%). Urinary disorders are reported in 51.5% of cases. The main urinary symptoms were overactive bladder (58.8%), urinary incontinence (32.4%) and dysuria (16.2%). Overactive bladder was found in 64.28% of women and in 50% of men. Forty seven point thirty six percent (47.36%) of patients with diabetic neuropathy have manifested dysuria. The average score of USP was 8+/- 8.8. The average score of Qualiveen was 1.25. Metabolic syndrome is significantly associated to urinary disorders, especially the types diabetes-obesity-dyslipidemia (p=0.004) and diabetes-obesity- high blood pressure (HBP) p=0.001). Discussion: Urinary disorders in metabolic syndrome are dominated for overactive bladder. Overactive bladder is more frequent in women and patients aged less than 40 years. Risk factors of urinary disorder are diabetes and obesity. In metabolic syndrome, quality of life is impaired in patients with urinary disorders. Conclusion: Metabolic syndrome, especially the associations diabetes-obesity and diabetes- high body circumference (HBC) to others items, increased risk of urinary disorders. Urinary symptoms in metabolic syndrome are dominated by overactive bladder. Overactive bladder is more frequent in women and patients aged less than 40 years. Dysuria is unusual in metabolic syndrome and it’s not always correlated to diabetic neuropathy. Quality of life is impaired in patients with urinary disorder.
Abstract: Introduction: Risk factors of urinary disorders in metabolic syndrome are known. Effect of their association is poorly documented. Objectives: Determine the types of metabolic syndrome as a largest provider of urinary disorders and impact of these on the quality of life. Methodology: We conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive, analytical multicent...
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Evaluation of Acute Dermal Irritation and Wound Contraction by Gymnema Sylvestre and Datura Metel Extracts in Rats
Omale James,
Ajidahun Bidemi Sunday
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, August 2014
Pages:
83-88
Received:
11 August 2014
Accepted:
21 August 2014
Published:
30 August 2014
Abstract: In this study, to comparatively evaluate whether aqueous extracts of G. sylvestre and D. metel induce acute dermal irritation and or contract wound tests were performed using experimental animals. The skin of the rats was treated with these extracts (0.5g/dose) and whether the animals sustained skin damage was determined by visual observation. The data demonstrated that the aqueous extracts of both plants did not induce acute skin irritation (toxicity) on the skin of the animals as assessed by pathological observations. Wound healing properties were evaluated using excision wound model. The groups of rats were experimentally wounded at the posterior neck area. An area of uniform wound of 7x7mm using millimetre rule was exercised from the dorsal back of the rats. The animal groups were topically treated with G. sylvestre and D. metel gels. Wound dressed with leaf, stem and flower of G. sylvestre and leaf, stem and fruit of D. metel gel significantly heal earlier than those treated with paraffin base, while the leaf and stem of G. sylvestre and leaf and fruit of D. metel healed wound better than povidone iodine. The results from the present study suggest that these aqueous extracts of G. sylvestre and D. metel have promising potential uses as cosmetic ingredients that do not induce significant levels of dermal irritation and exhibit wound healing properties. Wound contraction elicited by these plant parts in this investigation following topical administration strongly corroborates the verbal claims on their efficacy for these activities.
Abstract: In this study, to comparatively evaluate whether aqueous extracts of G. sylvestre and D. metel induce acute dermal irritation and or contract wound tests were performed using experimental animals. The skin of the rats was treated with these extracts (0.5g/dose) and whether the animals sustained skin damage was determined by visual observation. The ...
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Effects of Khat Chewing Behaviours on Health Outcomes among Male Khat Chewers in Bahir Dar, North West Ethiopia
Bizuayehu Walle Birhane,
Muluken Walle Birhane,
Kidest Reba Lebeta
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, August 2014
Pages:
89-97
Received:
7 August 2014
Accepted:
26 August 2014
Published:
10 September 2014
Abstract: Khat is found in the evergreen tree or large shrub, consists of whole fresh leaves and buds of a plant known as Catha edulis. It is an indigenous tree to Ethiopia, Kenya, and Yemen and more than 20 different compounds are fund in khat. Cathinone, which is the main active ingredient in Khat leave, is responsible for the pharmacological properties of Khat. Bahir Dar is a city that three percent of Ethiopia’s total production of khat is originated from. There is no community based study that has been done in Bahir Dar city to determine effects of khat chewing behaviours on self rated oral health status and risk on elevated blood pressure. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effects of Khat chewing behaviors on oral health status and blood pressure on chewers. A community based cross-sectional study was conducted from January to September 2013 among chewers of Bahir Dar city. A total of 422 male khat chewers were included in study, 422 respond to the questioners, giving a response rate of 100%. The study found that the mean age of participants with standard deviation was 30.31 ± 1.39 years old. Sixty two percent of participants reported oral health problems and started khat chewing at early age. Started khat chewing at early age was found to be statistically significantly associated with self rated oral health problem (AOR: 2.85, CI 95%:1.26-6.45). Frequent chewers were 7.58 times more likely to be affected by self rated oral health problem compared to those who chewed less frequently (AOR: 7.58,95%CI:3.53-16.27). Chewers who chewed more than or equal to 100gms of khat per session were 4.33 times more likely to be affected by oral health problem compared to those who chewed less amount (AOR: 4.33, 95%CI: 2.49-7.53). As for the time period spent for Khat session, those who spent more than 6 hours in a khat session were 7.25 times more likely to have elevated systolic blood pressure compared to those who spent less than 6 hours, (AOR :7.25; 95%CI: 4.03-13.05). It was also found that those who spent more than 6 hours in a khat session were almost 9 times more likely to have elevated diastolic blood pressure compared to who spent less than 6 hours (AOR:8.99,95%CI:4.85-16.66).The risk of elevated systolic blood pressure was more than 5.26 times more likely among male chewers who reported increase amount of khat chewing compared to who reported decrease the amount in last 12 months, (AOR:5.26:95% CI: 2.76-10.15) and the risk of elevated diastolic blood pressure was more than 7 times more likely among chewers who reported increase amount of khat chewing in the last 12 months (AOR:7.25,95%CI:3.66-14.38).
Abstract: Khat is found in the evergreen tree or large shrub, consists of whole fresh leaves and buds of a plant known as Catha edulis. It is an indigenous tree to Ethiopia, Kenya, and Yemen and more than 20 different compounds are fund in khat. Cathinone, which is the main active ingredient in Khat leave, is responsible for the pharmacological properties of...
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