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Anaerobic and Aero Tolerant Bacterial Profile of Halitosis
Qasim Najem Thewaini,
Oda Mizil Yasser ALzamely,
Ameera Merbee Zarzoor ALFadili
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 3, June 2015
Pages:
33-35
Received:
17 March 2015
Accepted:
12 April 2015
Published:
24 April 2015
Abstract: Bad breath "halitosis" is a frequent unpleasant odor of breath. Bad breath is infected by gram negative anaerobic bacteria in tongue coating. These bacteria have a tendency of producing foul-smelling sulphur containing gases called volatile sulphur compounds (VSCs). Both anaerobic and aero tolerant bacteria associated with human halitosis condition are being reported. The profile includes (Prevotella intermedia (6.66%), Porphyromonas endontalis (10%) and Veillonella spp. (13.3%). (Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (13.3%), Streptococcus salivarius (13.3%) and Streptococcus oralis (10%). This profile consists of commonal, soft tissue and hard tissue associated pathogen as well as an animal associated pathogens.
Abstract: Bad breath "halitosis" is a frequent unpleasant odor of breath. Bad breath is infected by gram negative anaerobic bacteria in tongue coating. These bacteria have a tendency of producing foul-smelling sulphur containing gases called volatile sulphur compounds (VSCs). Both anaerobic and aero tolerant bacteria associated with human halitosis condition...
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Aerobic Bacteria Isolates of Septic Wound Infections and Their Antibiogram in North Central Nigeria
James Garba Damen,
Salami Faruk,
Comfort Dancha
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 3, June 2015
Pages:
36-40
Received:
25 February 2015
Accepted:
12 March 2015
Published:
24 April 2015
Abstract: Background: Wound infections are major problem in our health care facilities. They are the most common hospital acquired infections resulting into extended length of stay in the hospital with high cost and frequently encounter in surgical patients. Objectives: The study was designed to determine aerobic bacterial pathogens responsible for wound infections and their antibiotic sensitivity profile among patients of Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH).Methods: Wound swabs were aseptically collected randomly from septic wounds of 345 patients in different sections of the hospital; they were cultured on Blood Agar (BA), McConkey Agar (MCA) and chocolate Aga (CA) and incubated aerobically over night, direct Gram stain were carried out on the wound swabs. The isolates were also examined by Gram stain and each of them were identified using standard biochemical methods. The antibiotic susceptibility of each pathogen was carried out using the disc diffusion method on Muller Hinton Agar. Results: A total of 345 wound swabs were collected and examined, 243 (70.4%) aerobic bacteria were isolated. The out patients had the highest prevalent of 85.3% positive while the least prevalent of 50.0% was recorded from female medical patients. The males had the highest prevalent of 82.1% while 55.0% of medical females were positive for bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus was the highest bacteria reported while the least prevalent of bacteria was Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9.7%). Ofloxacin was highly sensitive for all the bacteria isolated while Amoxicillins, penicilins and cotrimoxazole recorded reduced sensitivity to the isolates. Conclusion: Aerobic bacteria are highly predominant in septic wound and most of the bacteria are resistant to commonly used antibiotics which might be due to inadequate wound management, poor antibiotics selection in most parts of the hospital; and indiscriminate use of antibiotics.
Abstract: Background: Wound infections are major problem in our health care facilities. They are the most common hospital acquired infections resulting into extended length of stay in the hospital with high cost and frequently encounter in surgical patients. Objectives: The study was designed to determine aerobic bacterial pathogens responsible for wound inf...
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Adenosine Deaminase Assay in Different Body Fluids for the Diagnosis of Tubercular Infection
Khandaker Shadia,
S. M. Mostofa Kamal,
Ahmed Abu Saleh,
Mohammed Nayem Hossain,
Ratan Das Gupta,
Md. Ruhul Amin Miah
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 3, June 2015
Pages:
49-54
Received:
16 March 2015
Accepted:
31 March 2015
Published:
30 April 2015
Abstract: Diagnosis of tuberculosis from different body fluids remains challenging due to various limitations of the conventional and molecular methods. We studied the role of adenosine deaminase (ADA) assay to diagnose tubercular infection in cerebrospinal fluid, peritoneal fluid and pleural fluid. Fifty three patients with tubercular meningitis, peritonitis and pleuritis were enrolled in this study on the basis of clinical, radiological, cytological, biochemical and somewhere bacteriological evidences. Cases positive by AFB smear, culture or PCR were considered as confirmed TB and other as probable TB cases. Another 28 non-TB cases were included as control. In 53 suspected TB cases ADA was found positive in highest 42 (79.2%) cases, whereas smear and/ culture in 10 (18.7%) and PCR in 18 (33.9%) cases. ADA assay revealed 100% positivity in confirmed TB cases and 14.3% in non TB cases. The sensitivity and specificity of ADA was found 79% and 86% respectively when the cut off value was used ≥ 10 IU/L for CSF and ≥ 40 IU/L for pleural or peritoneal fluid. Mean ADA values of confirmed and probable TB cases were found significantly higher than that of non TB cases (< 0.05). Significance of difference was determined by ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test. Thus, adenosine deaminase assay in body fluids has proved to be efficient, reliable and simple method to diagnose tubercular meningitis, peritonitis and pleuritis.
Abstract: Diagnosis of tuberculosis from different body fluids remains challenging due to various limitations of the conventional and molecular methods. We studied the role of adenosine deaminase (ADA) assay to diagnose tubercular infection in cerebrospinal fluid, peritoneal fluid and pleural fluid. Fifty three patients with tubercular meningitis, peritoniti...
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Hepatitis B and C Single and Co-Infection Patterns Among Emergency Patients in a Resource-Limited Setting
Fasakin Kolawole Asimiyu,
Ajayi Oluwafemi David,
Esan Ayodele Jacob,
Omisakin Christopher Tope,
Adams Olusegun Timothy,
Ojiezeh Tony Ifeanyi,
Aboderin Florence Ifechukwude
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 3, June 2015
Pages:
55-60
Received:
9 April 2015
Accepted:
18 April 2015
Published:
9 May 2015
Abstract: Background: Hepatitis B and C viral infections continue to constitute major global health problems and are responsible for most liver related deaths. This study is carried out to reveal the hepatitis B and C single and co-infection patterns among emergency patients and their possible liver outcomes. Methods: Two hundred and eighty-eight (288) patients on initial visit from casualty unit were routinely screened for hepatitis B and C viruses over a period of two years in the haematology department. Diaspot one step enzyme immunoassay rapid kits for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-HCV respectively were used. HBsAg and anti-HCV seroprevalence and possible co-infections were evaluated using descriptive statistics of SPSS version 17 and expressed in mean and standard deviation, and male: female ratios. Results: Of the 288 research volunteers, 8.68% and 1.74% were positive for HBsAg and anti-HCV respectively. 1.04% was HBV and HCV co-infected. The overall mean age and male: female ratio were 44.4±17.3 years and 1.4:1 respectively. Lower mean age and higher male: female ratios were observed in HBV and HCV population. HCC remain the major liver outcome in HBV-infected and HBV/HCV co-infected research subjects. Conclusion: Hepatitis B and C viral infections still remain a major public health problem globally. There is need for continued aggressive advocacy on ‘Know your HBV and HCV status’ to reduce the scourge of these infections especially in rural and resource-limited settings where problem of poverty and ignorance have contributed to development of liver complications in these patients.
Abstract: Background: Hepatitis B and C viral infections continue to constitute major global health problems and are responsible for most liver related deaths. This study is carried out to reveal the hepatitis B and C single and co-infection patterns among emergency patients and their possible liver outcomes. Methods: Two hundred and eighty-eight (288) patie...
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Impact Assessment of Foetal Haemoglobin on Biochemical Markers of Liver Function in Sickle Cell Disease Patients
Mathias Abiodun Emokpae,
Rossy Jane Umeadi
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 3, June 2015
Pages:
61-66
Received:
15 April 2015
Accepted:
29 April 2015
Published:
13 May 2015
Abstract: Background/objective: The role of foetal haemoglobin (HbF) on the modulation of clinical manifestations in sickle cell disease is well known but there is inconsistency as to the levels of HbF that may protective against the development of liver disease. This study evaluates the impact of HbF on biochemical markers of liver function in sickle cell disease (SCD) patients in steady clinical state. Materials and Methods: Liver function tests: aspartate amino transferase, alanine amino transferase, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin and proteins as well as HbF were assayed in SCD patients using colorimetric methods. Results: Out of 100 SCD patients, 24% had high (>5%) HbF while 76% had low (<4.9%) HbF levels. Those subjects with high HbF had lower (p<0.001) levels of measured variables except albumin which was higher compared to levels in those with low HbF. HbF correlated negatively with the measured variables except albumin. Conclusion: The SCD patients with high HbF had lower levels of the measured variables compared to those with low levels of HbF. High HbF levels (>5%) may be protective against the development of liver pathology in SCD patients in steady clinical state.
Abstract: Background/objective: The role of foetal haemoglobin (HbF) on the modulation of clinical manifestations in sickle cell disease is well known but there is inconsistency as to the levels of HbF that may protective against the development of liver disease. This study evaluates the impact of HbF on biochemical markers of liver function in sickle cell d...
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Podoconiosis, the Non-Filarial Elephantiasis, a Means of Discrimination and Poverty in Ethiopia
Fikresilasie Samuel Tasew
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 3, June 2015
Pages:
67-70
Received:
15 April 2015
Accepted:
29 April 2015
Published:
13 May 2015
Abstract: Podoconiosis is a non-infectious geo-chemical disease caused by exposure of bare feet to red clay soil derived from volcanic rocks. In Ethiopia, 1 million people suffer with the disease. It affects the physical condition (disability and deformity) of patients and also the social and economic status of affected individuals. Studies conducted in endemic countries clearly stated that there is stigmatization in the family and in general in the community. This consequences mental distress in affected individual. Besides, individuals affected economically: they cost for treatment and mainly they loss their productivity potential. These results financial crisis individually and aggravate poverty in the society. This review intends to address the social exclusion and economic impact of podoconiosis in Ethiopia.
Abstract: Podoconiosis is a non-infectious geo-chemical disease caused by exposure of bare feet to red clay soil derived from volcanic rocks. In Ethiopia, 1 million people suffer with the disease. It affects the physical condition (disability and deformity) of patients and also the social and economic status of affected individuals. Studies conducted in ende...
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