Assessment of Substance Use and Risky Sexual Behaviour Among Public College Students in Bonga Town, Southwest Ethiopia
Agegnehu Alemu,
Muluegta Shegaze,
Teshome Gobena,
Hailay Abraha,
Gebremaryam Temesgen,
Yohannes Markos
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 5, October 2015
Pages:
91-97
Received:
31 July 2015
Accepted:
26 August 2015
Published:
24 September 2015
Abstract: Background: Substance use and problems arising from it are increasing all over the world, and currently together with HIV/AIDS epidemic, become one of the most threatening and challenging social and public health problems. College students are more vulnerable to wider sexual and reproductive health and HIV/AIDS problems due to new environment with poor protection, age and the need to explore life, peer pressure and absence of proactive programs. Objective: The main objective of this study was to assess the magnitude of risky sexual behavior and its association with substance use among Bonga town public college students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 396 Bonga town public college students from March 2014 to April 2014 using stratified sampling technique and a self-administered questionnaire was used. Descriptive statistics was used to describe the study population, prevalence, and to check the missing values, outliers, and inconsistencies. Logistic regressions to determine independent predictors of risky sexual behaviors and the p- value of 0.05 was used as cut off point for the presence of statistical significance. Results: Among 396 participants 72.7% reported having used at least one substance in their life time. Commonly used substances were: alcohol (51.3%) followed by khat (15.4%), cigarette (3.6%) and other illicit substances (2.5%). From total respondents 38.1% admitted having sexual experience. Among sexually experienced males 4.6% have had sexual intercourse with commercial sex workers and 4.6% had sexual intercourse with more than one person. Condom use rate was 64.9% but, its consistency was 58.3%. Sex, educational status, income and ever use of khat were statistically associated with risky sexual behavior with AOR (95%CI) of 4.5 (1.7, 12), 4.7 (1.6, 12.9), 3.7 (1.4, 10), 2.5 (1.1, 6.5) respectively. Conclusion: The prevalence of substance use among Bonga college students was high. The study also showed that many of the students who were sexually active engaged in unsafe and risky sexual practices. Awareness rising about safer sex and consequences of substance use for college students is necessary measure that should be taken.
Abstract: Background: Substance use and problems arising from it are increasing all over the world, and currently together with HIV/AIDS epidemic, become one of the most threatening and challenging social and public health problems. College students are more vulnerable to wider sexual and reproductive health and HIV/AIDS problems due to new environment with ...
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Distribution Flagellin Gene Variants of Salmonella Typhi in Patients with Typhoid Fever in West Kutai, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Nataniel Tandirogang,
Yadi Yasir,
M. Sabir,
Masyhudi Amir,
Moch. Hatta
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 5, October 2015
Pages:
98-103
Received:
21 September 2015
Accepted:
29 September 2015
Published:
13 October 2015
Abstract: Background: Virulence of S. typhi possessed an important factor for occurrence of typhoid fever in humans. Penetration of S. typhi in the intestinal mucosa is an important step in the establishment of infection because it allows microorganisms to pass through the epithelial barrier. This penetration is mostly determined by the motility of bacteria. Flagella are composed of a protein called flagellin that associated with the first stage of invasion which allows the bacteria to make direct contact with host cells. Objectives: To explore distributions of Salmonella typhi flagellin gene in effort to explain pathogenesis of typhoid fever in patients with typhoid fever in West Kutai, East Kalimantan. Indonesia. Method: This study was an observational study with cross sectional design. Blood samples collected in January 2011 to December 2012 in Damai District and Barong Tongkok District, West Kutai. Blood cultures performed in patients with suspected typhoid fever, based on clinical features determined by the medical personnel. All positive culture isolate were examine for Hd, Hj, z66 and z66Ind of flagellin genes by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Results: A total of 62 S. typhi isolates obtained from 425 patients with clinically suspected typhoid fever. All 62 (100%) samples found fliC d, fljBz66 gene was found by 47 (75.81%) z66Ind 8 (12.9%) respectively and there was no samples had fliC j. This study shows that significant differences between flagellin gene variants in relation to the incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding (p = 0.034). Conclusion: We found three types of flagellin gene of S. typhi in West Kutai, they are FliC d, FljBz66 and z66Ind. S. typhi containing fliC d genes provides the possibility 9 times more likely to cause gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with typhoid fever when compared with S. typhi containing fljBz66 genes, and 17.5 times when compared with z66Ind gene.
Abstract: Background: Virulence of S. typhi possessed an important factor for occurrence of typhoid fever in humans. Penetration of S. typhi in the intestinal mucosa is an important step in the establishment of infection because it allows microorganisms to pass through the epithelial barrier. This penetration is mostly determined by the motility of bacteria....
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