Effects of Khat Chewing Behaviours on Health Outcomes among Male Khat Chewers in Bahir Dar, North West Ethiopia

Bizuayehu Walle Birhane; Muluken Walle Birhane; Kidest Reba Lebeta

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajbls.20140204.15

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Effects of Khat Chewing Behaviours on Health Outcomes among Male Khat Chewers in Bahir Dar, North West Ethiopia

Bizuayehu Walle Birhane, Muluken Walle Birhane, Kidest Reba Lebeta

Published in American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences (Volume 2, Issue 4)

Received: 7 August 2014 Accepted: 26 August 2014 Published: 10 September 2014

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Abstract

Khat is found in the evergreen tree or large shrub, consists of whole fresh leaves and buds of a plant known as Catha edulis. It is an indigenous tree to Ethiopia, Kenya, and Yemen and more than 20 different compounds are fund in khat. Cathinone, which is the main active ingredient in Khat leave, is responsible for the pharmacological properties of Khat. Bahir Dar is a city that three percent of Ethiopia’s total production of khat is originated from. There is no community based study that has been done in Bahir Dar city to determine effects of khat chewing behaviours on self rated oral health status and risk on elevated blood pressure. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effects of Khat chewing behaviors on oral health status and blood pressure on chewers. A community based cross-sectional study was conducted from January to September 2013 among chewers of Bahir Dar city. A total of 422 male khat chewers were included in study, 422 respond to the questioners, giving a response rate of 100%. The study found that the mean age of participants with standard deviation was 30.31 ± 1.39 years old. Sixty two percent of participants reported oral health problems and started khat chewing at early age. Started khat chewing at early age was found to be statistically significantly associated with self rated oral health problem (AOR: 2.85, CI 95%:1.26-6.45). Frequent chewers were 7.58 times more likely to be affected by self rated oral health problem compared to those who chewed less frequently (AOR: 7.58,95%CI:3.53-16.27). Chewers who chewed more than or equal to 100gms of khat per session were 4.33 times more likely to be affected by oral health problem compared to those who chewed less amount (AOR: 4.33, 95%CI: 2.49-7.53). As for the time period spent for Khat session, those who spent more than 6 hours in a khat session were 7.25 times more likely to have elevated systolic blood pressure compared to those who spent less than 6 hours, (AOR :7.25; 95%CI: 4.03-13.05). It was also found that those who spent more than 6 hours in a khat session were almost 9 times more likely to have elevated diastolic blood pressure compared to who spent less than 6 hours (AOR:8.99,95%CI:4.85-16.66).The risk of elevated systolic blood pressure was more than 5.26 times more likely among male chewers who reported increase amount of khat chewing compared to who reported decrease the amount in last 12 months, (AOR:5.26:95% CI: 2.76-10.15) and the risk of elevated diastolic blood pressure was more than 7 times more likely among chewers who reported increase amount of khat chewing in the last 12 months (AOR:7.25,95%CI:3.66-14.38).

Published in	American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences (Volume 2, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajbls.20140204.15
Page(s)	89-97
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2014. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Khat Chewing, Health Outcomes, Bahir Dar, North West Ethiopia

References

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APA Style

Bizuayehu Walle Birhane, Muluken Walle Birhane, Kidest Reba Lebeta. (2014). Effects of Khat Chewing Behaviours on Health Outcomes among Male Khat Chewers in Bahir Dar, North West Ethiopia. American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences, 2(4), 89-97. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20140204.15

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ACS Style

Bizuayehu Walle Birhane; Muluken Walle Birhane; Kidest Reba Lebeta. Effects of Khat Chewing Behaviours on Health Outcomes among Male Khat Chewers in Bahir Dar, North West Ethiopia. Am. J. Biomed. Life Sci. 2014, 2(4), 89-97. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20140204.15

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AMA Style

Bizuayehu Walle Birhane, Muluken Walle Birhane, Kidest Reba Lebeta. Effects of Khat Chewing Behaviours on Health Outcomes among Male Khat Chewers in Bahir Dar, North West Ethiopia. Am J Biomed Life Sci. 2014;2(4):89-97. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20140204.15

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@article{10.11648/j.ajbls.20140204.15,
  author = {Bizuayehu Walle Birhane and Muluken Walle Birhane and Kidest Reba Lebeta},
  title = {Effects of Khat Chewing Behaviours on Health Outcomes among Male Khat Chewers in Bahir Dar, North West Ethiopia},
  journal = {American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences},
  volume = {2},
  number = {4},
  pages = {89-97},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajbls.20140204.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20140204.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbls.20140204.15},
  abstract = {Khat is found in the evergreen tree or large shrub, consists of whole fresh leaves and buds of a plant known as Catha edulis. It is an indigenous tree to Ethiopia, Kenya, and Yemen and more than 20 different compounds are fund in khat. Cathinone, which is the main active ingredient in Khat leave, is responsible for the pharmacological properties of Khat. Bahir Dar is a city that three percent of Ethiopia’s total production of khat is originated from. There is no community based study that has been done in Bahir Dar city to determine effects of khat chewing behaviours on self rated oral health status and risk on elevated blood pressure. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effects of Khat chewing behaviors on oral health status and blood pressure on chewers. A community based cross-sectional study was conducted from January to September 2013 among chewers of Bahir Dar city. A total of 422 male khat chewers were included in study, 422 respond to the questioners, giving a response rate of 100%. The study found that the mean age of participants with standard deviation was 30.31 ± 1.39 years old. Sixty two percent of participants reported oral health problems and started khat chewing at early age. Started khat chewing at early age was found to be statistically significantly associated with self rated oral health problem (AOR: 2.85, CI 95%:1.26-6.45). Frequent chewers were 7.58 times more likely to be affected by self rated oral health problem compared to those who chewed less frequently (AOR: 7.58,95%CI:3.53-16.27). Chewers who chewed more than or equal to 100gms of khat per session were 4.33 times more likely to be affected by oral health problem compared to those who chewed less amount (AOR: 4.33, 95%CI: 2.49-7.53). As for the time period spent for Khat session, those who spent more than 6 hours in a khat session were 7.25 times more likely to have elevated systolic blood pressure compared to those who spent less than 6 hours, (AOR :7.25; 95%CI: 4.03-13.05). It was also found that those who spent more than 6 hours in a khat session were almost 9 times more likely to have elevated diastolic blood pressure compared to who spent less than 6 hours (AOR:8.99,95%CI:4.85-16.66).The risk of elevated systolic blood pressure was more than 5.26 times more likely among male chewers who reported increase amount of khat chewing compared to who reported decrease the amount in last 12 months, (AOR:5.26:95% CI: 2.76-10.15) and the risk of elevated diastolic blood pressure was more than 7 times more likely among chewers who reported increase amount of khat chewing in the last 12 months (AOR:7.25,95%CI:3.66-14.38).},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effects of Khat Chewing Behaviours on Health Outcomes among Male Khat Chewers in Bahir Dar, North West Ethiopia
AU  - Bizuayehu Walle Birhane
AU  - Muluken Walle Birhane
AU  - Kidest Reba Lebeta
Y1  - 2014/09/10
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20140204.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajbls.20140204.15
T2  - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
JF  - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
JO  - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
SP  - 89
EP  - 97
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-880X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20140204.15
AB  - Khat is found in the evergreen tree or large shrub, consists of whole fresh leaves and buds of a plant known as Catha edulis. It is an indigenous tree to Ethiopia, Kenya, and Yemen and more than 20 different compounds are fund in khat. Cathinone, which is the main active ingredient in Khat leave, is responsible for the pharmacological properties of Khat. Bahir Dar is a city that three percent of Ethiopia’s total production of khat is originated from. There is no community based study that has been done in Bahir Dar city to determine effects of khat chewing behaviours on self rated oral health status and risk on elevated blood pressure. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effects of Khat chewing behaviors on oral health status and blood pressure on chewers. A community based cross-sectional study was conducted from January to September 2013 among chewers of Bahir Dar city. A total of 422 male khat chewers were included in study, 422 respond to the questioners, giving a response rate of 100%. The study found that the mean age of participants with standard deviation was 30.31 ± 1.39 years old. Sixty two percent of participants reported oral health problems and started khat chewing at early age. Started khat chewing at early age was found to be statistically significantly associated with self rated oral health problem (AOR: 2.85, CI 95%:1.26-6.45). Frequent chewers were 7.58 times more likely to be affected by self rated oral health problem compared to those who chewed less frequently (AOR: 7.58,95%CI:3.53-16.27). Chewers who chewed more than or equal to 100gms of khat per session were 4.33 times more likely to be affected by oral health problem compared to those who chewed less amount (AOR: 4.33, 95%CI: 2.49-7.53). As for the time period spent for Khat session, those who spent more than 6 hours in a khat session were 7.25 times more likely to have elevated systolic blood pressure compared to those who spent less than 6 hours, (AOR :7.25; 95%CI: 4.03-13.05). It was also found that those who spent more than 6 hours in a khat session were almost 9 times more likely to have elevated diastolic blood pressure compared to who spent less than 6 hours (AOR:8.99,95%CI:4.85-16.66).The risk of elevated systolic blood pressure was more than 5.26 times more likely among male chewers who reported increase amount of khat chewing compared to who reported decrease the amount in last 12 months, (AOR:5.26:95% CI: 2.76-10.15) and the risk of elevated diastolic blood pressure was more than 7 times more likely among chewers who reported increase amount of khat chewing in the last 12 months (AOR:7.25,95%CI:3.66-14.38).
VL  - 2
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Bizuayehu Walle Birhane

Medical physiology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
Muluken Walle Birhane

Medical physiology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
Kidest Reba Lebeta

Adult Nursing, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia

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APA Style

Bizuayehu Walle Birhane, Muluken Walle Birhane, Kidest Reba Lebeta. (2014). Effects of Khat Chewing Behaviours on Health Outcomes among Male Khat Chewers in Bahir Dar, North West Ethiopia. American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences, 2(4), 89-97. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20140204.15

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ACS Style

Bizuayehu Walle Birhane; Muluken Walle Birhane; Kidest Reba Lebeta. Effects of Khat Chewing Behaviours on Health Outcomes among Male Khat Chewers in Bahir Dar, North West Ethiopia. Am. J. Biomed. Life Sci. 2014, 2(4), 89-97. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20140204.15

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AMA Style

Bizuayehu Walle Birhane, Muluken Walle Birhane, Kidest Reba Lebeta. Effects of Khat Chewing Behaviours on Health Outcomes among Male Khat Chewers in Bahir Dar, North West Ethiopia. Am J Biomed Life Sci. 2014;2(4):89-97. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20140204.15

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajbls.20140204.15,
  author = {Bizuayehu Walle Birhane and Muluken Walle Birhane and Kidest Reba Lebeta},
  title = {Effects of Khat Chewing Behaviours on Health Outcomes among Male Khat Chewers in Bahir Dar, North West Ethiopia},
  journal = {American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences},
  volume = {2},
  number = {4},
  pages = {89-97},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajbls.20140204.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20140204.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbls.20140204.15},
  abstract = {Khat is found in the evergreen tree or large shrub, consists of whole fresh leaves and buds of a plant known as Catha edulis. It is an indigenous tree to Ethiopia, Kenya, and Yemen and more than 20 different compounds are fund in khat. Cathinone, which is the main active ingredient in Khat leave, is responsible for the pharmacological properties of Khat. Bahir Dar is a city that three percent of Ethiopia’s total production of khat is originated from. There is no community based study that has been done in Bahir Dar city to determine effects of khat chewing behaviours on self rated oral health status and risk on elevated blood pressure. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effects of Khat chewing behaviors on oral health status and blood pressure on chewers. A community based cross-sectional study was conducted from January to September 2013 among chewers of Bahir Dar city. A total of 422 male khat chewers were included in study, 422 respond to the questioners, giving a response rate of 100%. The study found that the mean age of participants with standard deviation was 30.31 ± 1.39 years old. Sixty two percent of participants reported oral health problems and started khat chewing at early age. Started khat chewing at early age was found to be statistically significantly associated with self rated oral health problem (AOR: 2.85, CI 95%:1.26-6.45). Frequent chewers were 7.58 times more likely to be affected by self rated oral health problem compared to those who chewed less frequently (AOR: 7.58,95%CI:3.53-16.27). Chewers who chewed more than or equal to 100gms of khat per session were 4.33 times more likely to be affected by oral health problem compared to those who chewed less amount (AOR: 4.33, 95%CI: 2.49-7.53). As for the time period spent for Khat session, those who spent more than 6 hours in a khat session were 7.25 times more likely to have elevated systolic blood pressure compared to those who spent less than 6 hours, (AOR :7.25; 95%CI: 4.03-13.05). It was also found that those who spent more than 6 hours in a khat session were almost 9 times more likely to have elevated diastolic blood pressure compared to who spent less than 6 hours (AOR:8.99,95%CI:4.85-16.66).The risk of elevated systolic blood pressure was more than 5.26 times more likely among male chewers who reported increase amount of khat chewing compared to who reported decrease the amount in last 12 months, (AOR:5.26:95% CI: 2.76-10.15) and the risk of elevated diastolic blood pressure was more than 7 times more likely among chewers who reported increase amount of khat chewing in the last 12 months (AOR:7.25,95%CI:3.66-14.38).},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effects of Khat Chewing Behaviours on Health Outcomes among Male Khat Chewers in Bahir Dar, North West Ethiopia
AU  - Bizuayehu Walle Birhane
AU  - Muluken Walle Birhane
AU  - Kidest Reba Lebeta
Y1  - 2014/09/10
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20140204.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajbls.20140204.15
T2  - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
JF  - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
JO  - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
SP  - 89
EP  - 97
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-880X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20140204.15
AB  - Khat is found in the evergreen tree or large shrub, consists of whole fresh leaves and buds of a plant known as Catha edulis. It is an indigenous tree to Ethiopia, Kenya, and Yemen and more than 20 different compounds are fund in khat. Cathinone, which is the main active ingredient in Khat leave, is responsible for the pharmacological properties of Khat. Bahir Dar is a city that three percent of Ethiopia’s total production of khat is originated from. There is no community based study that has been done in Bahir Dar city to determine effects of khat chewing behaviours on self rated oral health status and risk on elevated blood pressure. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effects of Khat chewing behaviors on oral health status and blood pressure on chewers. A community based cross-sectional study was conducted from January to September 2013 among chewers of Bahir Dar city. A total of 422 male khat chewers were included in study, 422 respond to the questioners, giving a response rate of 100%. The study found that the mean age of participants with standard deviation was 30.31 ± 1.39 years old. Sixty two percent of participants reported oral health problems and started khat chewing at early age. Started khat chewing at early age was found to be statistically significantly associated with self rated oral health problem (AOR: 2.85, CI 95%:1.26-6.45). Frequent chewers were 7.58 times more likely to be affected by self rated oral health problem compared to those who chewed less frequently (AOR: 7.58,95%CI:3.53-16.27). Chewers who chewed more than or equal to 100gms of khat per session were 4.33 times more likely to be affected by oral health problem compared to those who chewed less amount (AOR: 4.33, 95%CI: 2.49-7.53). As for the time period spent for Khat session, those who spent more than 6 hours in a khat session were 7.25 times more likely to have elevated systolic blood pressure compared to those who spent less than 6 hours, (AOR :7.25; 95%CI: 4.03-13.05). It was also found that those who spent more than 6 hours in a khat session were almost 9 times more likely to have elevated diastolic blood pressure compared to who spent less than 6 hours (AOR:8.99,95%CI:4.85-16.66).The risk of elevated systolic blood pressure was more than 5.26 times more likely among male chewers who reported increase amount of khat chewing compared to who reported decrease the amount in last 12 months, (AOR:5.26:95% CI: 2.76-10.15) and the risk of elevated diastolic blood pressure was more than 7 times more likely among chewers who reported increase amount of khat chewing in the last 12 months (AOR:7.25,95%CI:3.66-14.38).
VL  - 2
IS  - 4
ER  -

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