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Antifungal Activity of Lactobacillus plantarum and Sage Extract on Aspergillus Fumigatus in Yogurt
Amal Bakr Shori,
Saadyh Albloushi
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, June 2018
Pages:
37-42
Received:
2 June 2018
Accepted:
19 June 2018
Published:
9 July 2018
Abstract: Aspergillus fumigatus is a common fungus that causes dairy products contamination. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro antifungal activity of Lactobacillus plantarum and sage extract on the growth of Aspergillus fumigatus in yogurt during 1, 7, & 14 days of storage at 4°C. Two different groups of yogurt samples were prepared. The first one consisted of the plain yogurt with L. plantarum + A. fumigatus (control), and sage yogurt with L. plantarum + A. fumigatus, and the second group contained plain yogurt + A. fumigatuss (control), and sage yogurt + A. fumigatus. Both groups were investigated for pH, total titratable acidity (TTA), viable cells counts of L. plantarum and inhibition of A. fumigatus growth during refrigerated storage. The pH values of all samples were decreased non-significantly (p>0.05) during storage whereas TTA ranged between 1.6% - 1.7% at the end of storage. The presence of sage in yogurt increased significantly (p<0.05) the viability of L. plantarum compared to control over one week of storage. Sage alone or in a combination with L. plantarum showed moderate growth inhibition of A. fumigatus in yogurt compared to their respective controls. L. plantarum and sage extract could be used as antifungal activity against A. fumigatus in yogurt.
Abstract: Aspergillus fumigatus is a common fungus that causes dairy products contamination. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro antifungal activity of Lactobacillus plantarum and sage extract on the growth of Aspergillus fumigatus in yogurt during 1, 7, & 14 days of storage at 4°C. Two different groups of yogurt samples were prepared. The first o...
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Protective Effect of Loranthus globosus on Stress-Induced Major Organ Dysfunctions in Mice
Md. Masud Rana,
Alpana Khatun,
Md. Rafiqul Islam Khan,
Abu Syed Md Anisuzzaman,
Mir Imam Ibne Wahed
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, June 2018
Pages:
43-50
Received:
27 May 2018
Accepted:
22 June 2018
Published:
16 July 2018
Abstract: The biochemical parameters such as SGOT, SGPT, MDA, and uric acid levels were investigated for the assessment of stress-induced dysfunction after immobilization stress on the Swiss albino mice. Stress induction caused the elevation of SGOT (7.7 ± 0.2 vs 88.8 ± 0.3; control vs stress), SGPT (10.3 ± 0.5 vs 110.5 ± 5.2), MDA (3.9 ± 0.2 vs 9.4 ± 0.2 in the serum and 4.0 ± 0.3 vs 13.9 ± 0.2 in brain; control vs stress) and uric acid (7.0 ± 0.1 vs 17.2 ± 0.3; control vs stress) levels in the serum. Histopathology of the liver, kidney heart and lung were also examined, and morphology indicated the degradation of each of the organ by the stress induction. The bark of Loranthus globosus was extracted with methanol and then fractionated with petroleum ether (PE), chloroform (CF) and ethyl acetate (EA). Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of flavanoids and phenolics in all fractions. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by in vitro assays using total antioxidant capacity and DPPH- free radical scavenging activity. The results demonstrated that among all the extractives of L. globosus EA fraction exhibited highest total antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity. The EA fraction of L. globosus (12 mg/kg b. w.) successfully reduced the increased biochemical parameters (stress vs stress + EAF); SGOT (88.8 ± 0.3 vs 9.9 ± 0.9), SGPT (110.5 ± 5.2 vs 14.6 ± 0.7), MDA (9.5 ± 0.2 vs 5.5 ± 0.1 in the serum; and 13.9 ± 0.2 vs 7.5 ± 0.2 in the brain) and serum uric acid (17.2 ± 0.3 vs 8.9 ± 0.1) on stress-induced mice. Histopathological analysis also supported the beneficial effects of EA fraction of L. globosus. Dexamethasone (2 mg/kg b. w.) was used as standard drug. The results suggested that the EA fraction of L. globosus might have some beneficial effects in preventing stress-induced organ dysfunction presumably through the neutralization of oxidative-stress generated during immobilization of mice. However, further study is necessary in order to precisely determine the exact molecular mechanisms.
Abstract: The biochemical parameters such as SGOT, SGPT, MDA, and uric acid levels were investigated for the assessment of stress-induced dysfunction after immobilization stress on the Swiss albino mice. Stress induction caused the elevation of SGOT (7.7 ± 0.2 vs 88.8 ± 0.3; control vs stress), SGPT (10.3 ± 0.5 vs 110.5 ± 5.2), MDA (3.9 ± 0.2 vs 9.4 ± 0.2 in...
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Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance of Escherichia coli O157: H7 Serotype from Chicken Droppings Produced by Free - Ranged and Poultry Birds in Cross River, Nigeria
Nfongeh Joseph Fuh,
Owoseni Mojisola Christiana,
Adogo Lillian Yami,
Upla Peter Uteh,
Ekpiken Solomon Ekpiken,
Uchenwa Mercy Ogechi
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, June 2018
Pages:
51-55
Received:
23 May 2018
Accepted:
7 June 2018
Published:
21 July 2018
Abstract: This study investigated the prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from chicken droppings produced by free ranged and poultry birds at different locations within Cross River State, Nigeria and their susceptibility to commonly used antibiotics. A total of 360 cloacal swab samples each were randomly collected from poultry (confined) and free ranged (unconfined) chickens. Standard cultural, biochemical, and serological (latex agglutination) methods were used to isolate E. coli O157:H7. The isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing using disc diffusion method. Out of a total number of 360 anal swab samples collected from poultry and free-ranged chicken, 24 (6.67%) strayed and 7 (1.94%) poultry samples were positive for E. coli O157:H7 and the prevalence values differed significantly (p<0.05) among the group of birds. Values for age category among the free-ranged birds also differed significantly (p<0.05) with strayed chicks (1-3weeks old) having highest value of 10.89%. Out of the 9 isolates screened, 8 (88.89%) were resistant to tetracycline, 7 (77.78%) to ampicillin and nitrofurantoin and 6 (66.67%) to chloramphenicol. All isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic. This study reveals that the intestinal track of chicken harbors the bacterial pathogen hence interventions are needed to reduce transmission of E. coli O157:H7 via poultry products.
Abstract: This study investigated the prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from chicken droppings produced by free ranged and poultry birds at different locations within Cross River State, Nigeria and their susceptibility to commonly used antibiotics. A total of 360 cloacal swab samples each were randomly collected from poultry (confined) and free ranged (...
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Sero-Prevalence of Syphilis and HIV and Associated Factors in Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care Clinics in Debre Berhan Public Health Institutions, Ethiopia
Seblewongale Zinabie,
Emishaw Belachew,
Teferi Yidenek,
Moges Lewetegn,
Tsegahun Asfaw
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, June 2018
Pages:
56-62
Received:
12 June 2018
Accepted:
27 June 2018
Published:
24 July 2018
Abstract: Syphilis is one of the sexually transmitted infections caused by bacteria known as Treponema pallidum and it is transmitted through sexual contact, via blood transfusion, or transplacentally from a pregnant woman to her fetus. Among STIs, syphilis and HIV are significant public health problems in Ethiopia and causes several adverse pregnancy outcomes. Thus this study aims to assess magnitude of both infections among pregnant women attending antenatal care. Facility based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in Debre Berhan public health institutions and data was collected using pretested checklist. Finally data was entered to EPI Data3.02 and analyzed using SPSS version21. P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant difference. Among the total participants, 179 (47%) were in the age group of 25-34 years, 220 (57%) were living in urban settings and majority 256 (67%) of the pregnant mothers were married. The overall prevalence of syphilis and HIV in pregnant mothers were 7 (1.8%) and 28 (7.2%) respectively. The highest number of syphilis and HIV prevalence were reported in 2015. Previous history of STD for syphilis (AOR 9.4; 95% CI 1.6-25) and HIV (AOR 8.2; 95% CI 2.2-31.8), previous history of still birth for syphilis (AOR 4.9; 95% CI 1.1-23.4) and HIV (AOR 5.6; 95% CI 1.8-17.1) and partner HIV test positive for HIV (AOR 11.9; 95%CI 1.18-20.6) are risk factor. The result shows syphilis and HIV infections were prevalent among pregnant women, indicating that they are still significant public health problems. Therefore, there should be health education for every pregnant woman regarding prevention of the two infection and partner testing is recommended.
Abstract: Syphilis is one of the sexually transmitted infections caused by bacteria known as Treponema pallidum and it is transmitted through sexual contact, via blood transfusion, or transplacentally from a pregnant woman to her fetus. Among STIs, syphilis and HIV are significant public health problems in Ethiopia and causes several adverse pregnancy outcom...
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An Epidemiologic Study on Brucellosis in the Vicinity of Hohhot in China
Xiaohui Wang,
Dexi Li,
Lidao Bao,
Ruilian Ma,
Sha Li
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, June 2018
Pages:
63-68
Received:
9 August 2018
Published:
13 August 2018
Abstract: In the past five years, the epidemic situation of brucellosis in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, has been aggravated. The current diagnostic technology has low specificity. Through this topic, we can find a more convenient, safer, more specific and sensitive method for preparation. Better antigens are used for early rapid diagnosis of Brucellosis. Molecular biology techniques were used to design primers based on the published bp26 gene of Brucella from Gen-Bank. The DNA of Brucella isolates was extracted, PCR amplified and sequenced, and the bp26 gene sequence of the reference strain was identical to that of the reference strain. By comparing and analyzing the origins, the bp26 gene was amplified and compared with sheep, cattle, pigs, and sheep. In 2010, random surveys were conducted among 11401 people in 5331 farmers around Hohhot. The infection rate of Brucellosis was 3.82%, and 139059 of sheep were sampled in township and townships, and the positive rate was 2.82%. The results of bp26 gene sequence showed that the isolates of this experiment were 99.9% homologous to Brucella species 16M and Brucella species C68. The isolates were Brucella species 1320, Epididymis oryzae 280 and cattle. The homology of the Brucella strain S18 was 99.8%, 99.8%, and 98.9%, respectively. According to the phylogenetic tree analysis, the bp26 genes of Brucella strains of different strains are close, indicating that bp26 gene is very conservative. The homologous genes obtained by gene amplification technology can be used to detect br26 disease using bp26 protein. Other possible interferences can be ruled out and the diagnosis of Brucella can be promptly made. The culture and control of virulent strains of Brucella can be avoided. This experiment laid the foundation for the establishment of a new detection method using recombinant bp26 protein.
Abstract: In the past five years, the epidemic situation of brucellosis in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, has been aggravated. The current diagnostic technology has low specificity. Through this topic, we can find a more convenient, safer, more specific and sensitive method for preparation. Better antigens are used for early rapid diagnosis of Brucellosis. Molecula...
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