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Efficacy of 632.8 nm Low Power He Ne Laser in Comprehensive Treatment of Refractive Amblyopia in Children
Xianglei Chen,
Liming Tao,
Meitian Cao,
Yuan Xu
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 6, December 2020
Pages:
198-201
Received:
21 May 2019
Accepted:
23 June 2019
Published:
9 November 2020
Abstract: AIM: To investigate the clinical effect of low power He Ne laser in the treatment of children's refractive amblyopia, and to analyze the necessary reference for the comprehensive treatment of children's refractive amblyopia. METHODS: 112 cases diagnosed (176 eyes) with refractive amblyopic children according to the visiting sequence were randomly divided into treatment group and control group, control group of children with conventional synthetic amblyopia therapeutic apparatus in the treatment, and treatment group attached children helium neon laser project suffering from ocular irradiation treatment, observation of visual function after record 3-6 months, fundus and electrophysiological changes. RESULTS: in the treatment group, the cure rate of mild, moderate and severe amblyopia after 3 months were 82.2%, 80.6%, 36.4%, the cure rate was 95.6%, 88.9%, 63.6% after 6 months. In the control group, the cure rate was 47.7%, 20% and 0% after 3 months, the cure rate was 54.5%, 30%, 12.5% after 6 months, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that the treatment group was better than the control group in the visual function of children with amblyopia (P<0.05), and shortened the recovery time of the visual function of the children with amblyopia, and there was no abnormal changes in the fundus of the eyes. Conclusion: low power He Ne laser used in the comprehensive treatment of children with refractive amblyopia, improve the cure rate of amblyopia in children, and shorten the treatment of amblyopia treatment recovery, safe and effective.
Abstract: AIM: To investigate the clinical effect of low power He Ne laser in the treatment of children's refractive amblyopia, and to analyze the necessary reference for the comprehensive treatment of children's refractive amblyopia. METHODS: 112 cases diagnosed (176 eyes) with refractive amblyopic children according to the visiting sequence were randomly d...
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Frequency of Latent TB Infection in Patients with Spondyloarthritis in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh
Abu Tahir Muhammad Tanveer Hasan,
Muhammad Abdul Alim
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 6, December 2020
Pages:
202-205
Received:
17 October 2020
Accepted:
2 November 2020
Published:
9 November 2020
Abstract: Background & Objective: Screening for latent TB infection is recommended prior to the initiation of the newer and more effective treatment modalities of spondyloathritis such as biologic agents and tofacitinib. The prevalence of latent TB infection in the adult population of Bangladesh is not yet known. The figure is 40% in the general population in India that is demographically similar to the Bangladeshi population. The objective of this study was to assess the frequency of latent TB infection in patients with spondyloarhtritis visiting a tertiary hospital. Materials & Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Rheumatology of Enam Medical College & Hospital, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh from October 2018 to December 2019. Each of the 75 participants underwent Mantoux test as a screening procedure for the detection of latent TB infection. Results: Mantoux test was positive (≥10 mm) in 10.3% of the participants. A reading between 5 and 9 mm was found in 33.7% of the participants and the rest of the participants (56%) had induration diameters <5 mm). 44% of the participants had readings ≥5 mm. Conclusions: A lower than expected (around 40%) frequency of latent TB infection was found among the participants. But using a cut-off value of 5 mm yields a frequency of 44%% that is close to our expectation. So a lower cut-off value for the interpretation of Mantoux test in patients with spondyloarthritis may be appropriate. A larger-scale study is required to confirm this observation.
Abstract: Background & Objective: Screening for latent TB infection is recommended prior to the initiation of the newer and more effective treatment modalities of spondyloathritis such as biologic agents and tofacitinib. The prevalence of latent TB infection in the adult population of Bangladesh is not yet known. The figure is 40% in the general population i...
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Evaluation of the Function of Ganglion Cells in Myopic Patients Using Pattern Electroretinogram (PERG)
Nasma Nasser,
Yusuf Suleiman,
Habib Yousef
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 6, December 2020
Pages:
206-211
Received:
30 September 2020
Accepted:
16 October 2020
Published:
23 November 2020
Abstract: Objective: Assessment of the macular ganglion cells function in myopic subjects using pattern electroretinogram (PERG) in comparison with healthy controls to help in diagnosing of retinal diseases, and studying the relationship of the changes seen in PERG with the axial length (AL) of the eye. Methods: The study was cross sectional, included 62 subjects (121 eyes). Three groups were examined: group 1: controls or emmetropics; group 2: mild myopics; group 3: moderate myopics. For all participants, a detailed pathological story was taken, a comprehensive eye examination was performed, AL was measured, and PERG was recorded, then the variables of the recorded waves (peak time and amplitude) were analyzed. Results: A statistically significant decrease in mean amplitudes of (P50, N95) waves was observed in group 2 (36 eyes) and 3 (25 eyes) compared to group 1 (60 eyes) (P-value <0.01), and a statistically significant elongation of mean N95 peak time was observed in (group 2 and 3) compared to group 1 (P-value <0.01) without being associated with elongation of mean P50 peak time. By studying the relationship between AL and each of peak time and amplitude of (P50, N95) waves, we have found that when AL increased, amplitudes decreased and peak times prolonged in a statistically significant way (P-value <0.01). Conclusion: The decreased amplitude of P50 wave may indicate a functional impairment of the macula in myopic subjects, and the decreased amplitude of N95 wave may be due to a functional impairment of their ganglion cells. The elongation of P50 peak time with increasing of AL may be due to a delay of the synaptic transmission between photoreceptors, bipolar cells, and ganglion cells.
Abstract: Objective: Assessment of the macular ganglion cells function in myopic subjects using pattern electroretinogram (PERG) in comparison with healthy controls to help in diagnosing of retinal diseases, and studying the relationship of the changes seen in PERG with the axial length (AL) of the eye. Methods: The study was cross sectional, included 62 sub...
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Electroretinogram and Visual Evoked Potentials in Patients with Type ll Diabetes Mellitus
Asmaa Saadoun,
Mahmoud Rajab,
Habib Yousef
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 6, December 2020
Pages:
212-219
Received:
7 July 2020
Accepted:
22 July 2020
Published:
4 December 2020
Abstract: Background: Retinopathy is a severe and common complication of diabetes. The pathology seems to be characterized not only by the involvement of retinal micro vessels but also by a real neuropathy. Before the onset of micro vascular lesions, the retina of the eye undergoes subtle functional changes that are not detectable by fundus photography. Electrophysiological investigations allow a more detailed study of the visual function. These techniques are safe, repeatable, quick, and objective. Objective: To study pattern electroretinogram (PERG) and pattern reversal visual evoked potentials (PRVEP) in type 2 diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy (DR) or with mild non-proliferative DR (mNPDR) to detect changes by comparing with those of healthy control. And to assess the correlation of the parameters with diabetes duration and the level of Glycosylated Haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional study, included two groups (diabetic patients and the healthy). Age range was preset at 40-65 years. For all the participants, a detailed clinical history was collected, a comprehensive ophthalmic examination and thorough blood investigations were performed, then {PRVEP (60', 15'), PERG} were recorded and (waveform, peak time, amplitude) of tests components were analyzed. Results: Mean (P100, N135) peak times of PRVEP were statistically significantly delayed in (50) eyes of type 2 diabetics without DR when compared to (36) eyes of control (p-value<0.01), abnormalities in waveforms like (double peaks, broad peak) were also observed in diabetics. There were alterations in other parameters (amplitudes of PRVEP, peak times and amplitudes of PERG) but the changes were not statistically significant. No statistically significant changes were found in (6) eyes of diabetic patients with mNPDR. No statistically significant correlation was obtained between diabetes duration or the level of HbA1c and delay of peak times or reduce amplitudes in patients. Conclusions: Electrophysiological tests are sensitive and useful investigations for the early identification of visual dysfunctions before the development of overt retinopathy in type 2 diabetics. PRVEP is more sensitive than PERG to monitor alterations and it may be sufficient to screen the patients in this stage.
Abstract: Background: Retinopathy is a severe and common complication of diabetes. The pathology seems to be characterized not only by the involvement of retinal micro vessels but also by a real neuropathy. Before the onset of micro vascular lesions, the retina of the eye undergoes subtle functional changes that are not detectable by fundus photography. Elec...
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Effect of the Plant Flavonoid Luteolin on a Mitochondrial Function in the Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats
Pozilov Mamurjon Komiljonovich,
Ernazarov Zafar Mamurovich,
Afzalova Sayyora Abdulahadovna,
Asrarov Muzaffar Islamovich,
Ergashev Nurali Azamovich,
Komilov Baxrom Jamoldinovich
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 6, December 2020
Pages:
220-224
Received:
11 November 2020
Accepted:
24 November 2020
Published:
4 December 2020
Abstract: The state of the mitochondrial megapore (mitochondrial permeability transition pore-mPTP), respiration and oxidative phosphorylation of rat liver and pancreas mitochondria in streptozotocin (STZ) - induced diabetes were studied, considered the ways of correction of the detected membrane damage with the flavone luteolin isolated from the plant Inula caspica. It was shown that, under conditions of experimental diabetes mellitus, the rate of swelling of rat liver and pancreas mitochondria is higher than of the healthy ones; this means that mPTP of rat liver and pancreas mitochondria is in the open state in pathology. Luteolin recovers mPTP to the normal condition, thus removing the effect of STZ on mitochondria. It was also shown that, the respiration rate of liver and pancreatic mitochondria in the state 3 and state 4 states increases in STZ - induced diabetes, which significantly reduces the respiratory control (RC) and ADP/O coefficients in comparison with the control. The data obtained indicate the disconnection of respiration and oxidative phosphorylation in STZ - induced diabetes. Luteolin (oral dose is 50 mg/kg of body weight, during 8 days) eliminates the detected functional disorders of rat liver and pancreas mitochondria, probably due to its antioxidant properties.
Abstract: The state of the mitochondrial megapore (mitochondrial permeability transition pore-mPTP), respiration and oxidative phosphorylation of rat liver and pancreas mitochondria in streptozotocin (STZ) - induced diabetes were studied, considered the ways of correction of the detected membrane damage with the flavone luteolin isolated from the plant Inula...
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Study on Risk Factor Evaluation of Ischaemic Stroke Patients Admitted in a Tertiary Care Hospital: 100 Cases
Tazin Afrose Shah,
Farhan Matin,
Anarul Islam,
Mahabubur Rahman,
Mohiduzzaman Tony,
Md. Hyder Ali
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 6, December 2020
Pages:
225-230
Received:
25 October 2020
Accepted:
12 November 2020
Published:
16 December 2020
Abstract: Background: Stroke is defined as a sudden onset focal neurological deficit of vascular etiology and is a major cause of mortality and morbidity around the globe. The aim of this study was to find out the proportion of major risk factor or factors related in infarctive stroke cases. Methods: This hospital based descriptive cross sectional study was carried out in one hundred (100) ischemic stroke patients admitted in Medicine units associated with Neurology ward in Enam Medical College & Hospital, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from January 2015 to September 2017. Permission for the study was taken from the mentioned departments and authorities. Subjects were selected in all age groups and both male and female patients to whom duration of illness were less than 72 hours. Results: Among all, 61% were male and 39% were female and male female ratio 1.56:1. The maximum number of patients (36%) were in between 61-70 years of age. Majority of the patients (40%) came from middle class (TK. 7000-10,000/Month). A significant number of patients had high level of lipid profile e.g. Total cholesterol (>200 mg/dl) 73.33%, LDL (>150 mg/dl) 60%, TG (>150 mg/dl) 70%. In many cases multiple risk factors were present. It was observed that hypertension was the most common major risk factor for stroke. Among the 60% of the hypertensive patients only 45% were controlled with treatment and 33.33% were uncontrolled with treatment and 21.66% did not take any medicine or measures. About 47% were smoker. Diabetes mellitus was detected in 26% of patients which is lower than hypertension and hyperlipidaemia. About 25% of patient had history of previous stroke and 20% patient had family history of stroke. Only 6% was alcoholic. Among the female patients 5% received oral pills. Conclusion: Hypertension is one of the major risk factors for the stroke. For the management and prevention of hypertension like stroke, we are recommending the following measures like Hypertension screening programme for early detection, management and follow up and increase awareness regarding hypertension and its complication. It should be controlled by personal motivation, anti-smoking campaign, banding of the smoking propaganda in the TV, Radio, News paper, poster, banner, leaflet etc. Ensure punishment for smoking in open public places and public transports.
Abstract: Background: Stroke is defined as a sudden onset focal neurological deficit of vascular etiology and is a major cause of mortality and morbidity around the globe. The aim of this study was to find out the proportion of major risk factor or factors related in infarctive stroke cases. Methods: This hospital based descriptive cross sectional study was ...
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A Review of Exhaled Volatile Organic Compounds as Biomarkers for Thoracic Malignancies
Gerardo Velez,
Harvey Pass
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 6, December 2020
Pages:
231-247
Received:
2 December 2020
Accepted:
10 December 2020
Published:
31 December 2020
Abstract: Lung cancer, malignant pleural mesothelioma, and esophageal cancer are the most common thoracic malignancies and are responsible for substantial cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Early cancer identification prompts earlier intervention and can therefore improve patient survival. Traditional diagnostics are costly and invasive, however, creating an urgent need for alternative methods. Over the past 30 years, breath analysis has emerged as a rapid, minimally invasive, and cost-effective approach. Metabolites in exhaled breath, known as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), reflect internal biomolecular processes and their composition has been shown to vary in association with numerous pathological states. This review provides an overview on the use of VOCs in exhaled breath for the early screening and diagnosis of thoracic malignancies. Study design, methodology, and significant results from over sixty studies published since 1990 are specified and summarized. A total of 439 significant VOCs are reported in the literature, mainly consisting of aromatic compounds, aldehydes, alkanes, lipids, ketones, and sulfur-containing compounds. Diagnostic sensitivities and specificities range from 51-100% and 68.8 – 100%, respectively. Cancer-specific VOC profiles and associations of clinical interest (e.g., comorbidities, histology, and staging) are emphasized and discussed. While there is considerable evidence to support the diagnostic utility of VOCs, the lack of standardization and external validation in large independent cohorts remain key barriers to clinical translation. However, efforts to address these limitations are currently underway.
Abstract: Lung cancer, malignant pleural mesothelioma, and esophageal cancer are the most common thoracic malignancies and are responsible for substantial cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Early cancer identification prompts earlier intervention and can therefore improve patient survival. Traditional diagnostics are costly and invasive, howev...
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