Conventional and Molecular Diagnostic Tests for the Detection of Bacterial Pathogen in Burn Wound and Antimicrobial Properties of Some Medicinal Plants
Nasir Hassan Wagini,
Amina Lema Rafukka,
Aliyu Musa Yusuf,
Sani Muhd Gidado,
Samaila Abubakar,
Mudassiru Badamasi,
Abubakar Mannir Darma,
Taofiq Ademola Babatunde,
Abubakar Bello,
Murtala Yusuf,
Jibrin Naka Keta,
Lawan Buba Amshi,
Hussaina Usman Babba
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 2, April 2020
Pages:
25-32
Received:
5 January 2020
Accepted:
15 January 2020
Published:
24 March 2020
Abstract: This research aims to compare bacterial pathogens in different categories of burn wounds and evaluate the specificity and sensitivity of conventional and molecular diagnostics techniques in the detection of bacterial pathogens in burn wounds. This research project also tends to evaluate the potential antimicrobial activity of natural product by using Vachellia nilotica and Prosopis africana plant extracts. Burn wounds synovial fluid was collected from 50 patients each from three categories of burn wound over a period of 14 months. Samples were subjected to conventional and molecular diagnosis for the screening of the bacterial pathogens. Antibacterial properties of the plants extracts were tested using disc diffusion technique. Of the 50 samples, P. aeruginosa were isolated from 7 (14%), 12 (24%) and 17 (34%) samples of first, second and third degree of burn wounds respectively and were considered both positive for P. aeruginosa infection. However, Staphylococcus aureus was isolated only in the third degree from 4 out of 50 samples and was considered to be negative from first and second degree. Coliform (except E. coli) were absent from first degree but present in both second and third degrees (4 and 6) respectively. Gram stain can be considered as a rapid test but solely depend on the microbiological culture test, likewise majority of the biochemical test such as oxidase and API 20E tests. It was discovered that there is highest sensitivity of PCR over culture and or biochemical tests in the detection of P. aeruginosa from burn wound patients while some found no difference or even lower sensitivity in PCR assay. The result shows relatively antibacterial properties of both plant extracts against P. aeruginosa. It is concluded that P. aeruginosa is the most prevailing bacterial pathogen in burn wound and these plants extracts are active against the pathogen. Finally, a research to isolate and test individual chemical compounds responsible for the antibacterial properties from these plants is highly recommended.
Abstract: This research aims to compare bacterial pathogens in different categories of burn wounds and evaluate the specificity and sensitivity of conventional and molecular diagnostics techniques in the detection of bacterial pathogens in burn wounds. This research project also tends to evaluate the potential antimicrobial activity of natural product by usi...
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Antibacterial Activities and Phytochemical Analysis of Chromolaena odorata Leaves on Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Mbah-Omeje Kelechi Nkechinyere,
Ossai-Oloto Mary Chioma
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 2, April 2020
Pages:
33-40
Received:
3 February 2020
Accepted:
13 March 2020
Published:
31 March 2020
Abstract: Plants contains secondary metabolites or phytochemicals which when consumed by humans have therapeutic effects. This study therefore analyzed the phytochemical composition of Chromolaena odorata so as to give an idea of its possible pharmacological potentials. The present study also evaluates the antibacterial activity of the crude extracts of the leaves of Chromolaena odorata against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. A total of 40 samples were collected from food vendors and male students in Esut. These comprised of 10 samples each of soya milk, zobo, ugba and 10 urine samples. Cultures were done on Manitol salt agar. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were determined using oxacillin 10ug sensitivity disc. Preliminary qualitative phytochemical analysis were done using standard methods to reveal the presence of the basic phytochemicals. The powder was also macerated in ethanol and chloroform to produce ethanol and chloroform crude extracts that were reconstituted with dimethyl sulfoxide to concentrations (mg/ml) of 200, 100, 50, 25, 12.5 and 6.25. MRSA isolates were screened for sensitivity to the extracts using the agar well diffusion method. MRSA isolates were highly prevalent at 80%. The leaves of Chromolaena odorata contained alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, phenols and cardiac glycosides. The ethanol extracts had highest concentration of almost all phytochemicals present. The antibacterial activity of the plant was concentration dependent in both ethanol and chloroform extracts. The ethanol extracts showed higher zone of inhibition of 28mm at concentration of 200mg/ml while chloroform extracts showed lower zones of inhibition of 12mm at the same concentration. The substantial quantity of the basic phytochemicals in Chromolaena odorata could render it a utility plant in therapeutic use. Due to the profound antibacterial effect, the plant could be classified as a broad spectrum antibacterial agent for the management of MRSA diseases.
Abstract: Plants contains secondary metabolites or phytochemicals which when consumed by humans have therapeutic effects. This study therefore analyzed the phytochemical composition of Chromolaena odorata so as to give an idea of its possible pharmacological potentials. The present study also evaluates the antibacterial activity of the crude extracts of the ...
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Strategic Analysis of COVID-19 Response Measures and Psychological Intervention in China
Ying Wu,
Bin Pan,
Yutong Li,
Jinai He,
Guohua Huang,
Qiufeng Li
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 2, April 2020
Pages:
41-46
Received:
31 March 2020
Accepted:
13 April 2020
Published:
23 April 2020
Abstract: At the end of 2019, an ongoing outbreak of novel Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first found in Wuhan, China with a sign of person-to-person transmission and city-to-city transmission, and has spread globally. At present, the COVID-19 mortality rate in China is 2.3%, while the SARS was 9.6% and the MERS was 34.4%, reported by WHO. China improved the surveillance network when the outbreak occurred and the labs promptly identified and shared the coronavirus genome that has served greatly to effective epidemic control. Given the fact that the number of infections in China is gradually declining while that outside of China keeps rising, more comprehensive information about the features, origin, epidemiology, clinical spectrum of COVID-19 is to be identified by further studies. The analysis of Chinese WHO-affirmed effective prevention and control strategies will help China and the rest of the world better contain this outbreak and end it as soon as possible. At present, effective prevention measures for COVID-19 include isolating the infectious agents, curbing the route of transmission, conducting health education to citizens, making fewer trips outside, washing hands frequently, wearing masks, protecting eyes, showing more understanding and consolation to patients, especially to elderly patients, providing mental support for medical staff and employing y psychological intervention timely.
Abstract: At the end of 2019, an ongoing outbreak of novel Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first found in Wuhan, China with a sign of person-to-person transmission and city-to-city transmission, and has spread globally. At present, the COVID-19 mortality rate in China is 2.3%, while the SARS was 9.6% and the MERS was 34.4%, reported by WHO. China im...
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