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Oxidative Damage in Rats Receiving Ethanol and Supplemented with Vitamin E
Alceu Afonso Jordao,
Thais Helena Monteiro,
Raquel Alves dos Santos,
Guilherme Vannucchi Portari
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 5, October 2017
Pages:
88-91
Received:
11 April 2017
Accepted:
23 May 2017
Published:
18 October 2017
Abstract: The metabolism of ethanol is directly related to oxidative stress, and its ingestion leads to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydroxyl radicals, superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Vitamin E has been widely used as an antioxidant; when administered in large doses it is deposited in the liver and then excreted in the bile, urine and feces. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the rate of excretion of fecal vitamin E in relation to its concentrations in serum and liver, and its role as a protective antioxidant against DNA damage induced by acute ethanol consumption. Wistar rats were divided into four groups receiving food and water ad libitum for 4 days plus the following treatments: Control (CG, n = 10 ) no treatment; Ethanol (ET, n = 10 ), receiving an acute ethanol dose intraperitoneally in the amount of 5 g/kg; vitamin E (VE, n = 10) receiving a high oral dose of vitamin E within the first three days in the amount of 100 tocopherol mg/kg body weight; ethanol plus vitamin E (VE + ET, n = 10 ) receiving both the ethanol and vitamin E doses. Higher concentrations of vitamin E were observed in the blood and liver of the animals in the groups that received vitamin E supplementation, independent of the presence or absence of ethanol. Concomitantly, these groups were also those with the highest concentration of the vitamin in the stool. The rate of DNA damage was higher in the groups that received ethanol with or without supplemental vitamin E. However, the rate of damage was lower in the group that received vitamin E supplementation than in the group that did not. The present results show that vitamin E has a protective effect against DNA damage induced by ethanol by reducing the extent of DNA damage.
Abstract: The metabolism of ethanol is directly related to oxidative stress, and its ingestion leads to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydroxyl radicals, superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Vitamin E has been widely used as an antioxidant; when administered in large doses it is deposited in the liver and then excreted in the bile, urine...
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Occurrence of Aflatoxin Producing Mould in Irvingia Gabonensis (Bush Mango) Seeds Sold Within Jos Metropolis
Katnap Ramnan Selvyat,
Arome A. F.,
Zakari H.,
Juliet Okechalu,
Nanbol K. K.,
Kumzhi P. R.,
Joseph Aje Anejo-Okopi
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 5, October 2017
Pages:
92-95
Received:
23 February 2017
Accepted:
21 March 2017
Published:
18 October 2017
Abstract: This study was conducted to determine the occurrence of aflatoxin producing mould in Irvingia gabonensis (Bush Mango) seeds sold within Jos metropolis. The total fungal load per sample was gotten from plate count and expressed as Colony Forming Units per gram of sample (cfu/g). The aflatoxigenicity of the fungal isolates was also evaluated on Coconut Extract Agar (CEA) by exposing the reversed side of plates to 365nm ultraviolet light. The result showed that mean fungal count of I. gabonensis ranges from 3.2×106 to 4.0 × 106 cfu / g. The fungi that were implicated for the contamination of the I. gabonensis include: Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumingatus, Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus niger, Peneillium chrisogenu, Verticelium leceanii, Rhizopus oryzea, Fusarium sporotrichoides and yeast. Strains of V. leceanii, yeast and A. flavus were the most predominant at 47.9%, 37.5% and 35.4% respectively. By a way of comparison, the result also showed that Bush Mango seeds from Terminus and Gadabiyu were the most contaminated, followed by Faringada and then Angwa Rukuba. Out of the 39 Aspergillus species isolated, only 4 strains exhibited aflatoxin producing potential. The presence of these aflatoxigenic mould on I. gabonensis seeds presents high health risk and calls for more regulations and periodical assessment of Bush Mango seeds sold in open markets.
Abstract: This study was conducted to determine the occurrence of aflatoxin producing mould in Irvingia gabonensis (Bush Mango) seeds sold within Jos metropolis. The total fungal load per sample was gotten from plate count and expressed as Colony Forming Units per gram of sample (cfu/g). The aflatoxigenicity of the fungal isolates was also evaluated on Cocon...
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Public Health Expenditure and Health Outcomes in Nigeria
Richardson Kojo Edeme,
Chisom Emecheta,
Mary Ogechi Omeje
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 5, October 2017
Pages:
96-102
Received:
24 January 2017
Accepted:
14 February 2017
Published:
18 October 2017
Abstract: The study investigates the effect of public health expenditure on health outcomes in Nigeria, as captured by life expectancy at birth and infant mortality rates. The result shows that public health expenditure and health outcomes have long-run equilibrium relationship. Furthermore, the results showed that an increase in public health expenditure improves life expectancy and reduces infant mortality rates. In addition, urban population and HIV prevalence rate significantly affects health outcomes, while per capita income exhibits no effect on health outcomes in Nigeria. The findings suggest that public health expenditure remains a necessary component in improving health outcomes in Nigeria.
Abstract: The study investigates the effect of public health expenditure on health outcomes in Nigeria, as captured by life expectancy at birth and infant mortality rates. The result shows that public health expenditure and health outcomes have long-run equilibrium relationship. Furthermore, the results showed that an increase in public health expenditure im...
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Reproductive Health Service Utilization and Associated Factors Among Female Adolescents in Kachabirra District, South Ethiopia: A Community Based Cross Sectional Study
Teshale Tigistu Lejibo,
Sahilu Assegid,
Muktar Beshir,
Tilahun Beyene Handiso
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 5, October 2017
Pages:
103-112
Received:
6 June 2017
Accepted:
19 June 2017
Published:
20 October 2017
Abstract: Background: Adolescent girls are at the highest risk of maternal mortality compared to women in their twenties. Reproductive health service utilization among adolescent females is lower when compared with other age groups in Ethiopia. Objectives: The study was aimed to assess the reproductive health service utilization and associated factors among female adolescents of kachabirra district. Methods: Community based cross sectional study was conducted in Kachebirra district. A total of 844 female adolescents participated from 8 randomly selected kebeles (the smallest administrative unit). A pretested structured interview was used. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out to assess the association. Statistical significance was declared by 95% confidence interval of odds ratio. Results 812 female adolescents with response rate of 96.2% participated in the study. In this study, 383 (47.2%, 95% CI: 43.7-50.6%) of the female adolescents utilized the reproductive health services. Female adolescent reproductive health service utilization was significantly associated with; living with both parents (AOR=9.63, 95% CI: 1.237-74.983), age 15-19 years (AOR=3.295, 95% CI: 1.411-7.696), excellent attitudes of health providers (AOR=3.816, 95% CI: 1.561-9.324) and adequate consultation time (AOR=2.450, 95% CI: 1.178-5.094). Conclusions: There is low level of female adolescent reproductive health service utilization. Age, living arrangement, attitude of reproductive health service providers and consultation time in the nearby health facilities were significantly associated with female adolescent reproductive health service utilization.
Abstract: Background: Adolescent girls are at the highest risk of maternal mortality compared to women in their twenties. Reproductive health service utilization among adolescent females is lower when compared with other age groups in Ethiopia. Objectives: The study was aimed to assess the reproductive health service utilization and associated factors among ...
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