Biosynthesis, Characterization and Application of Chitin Nanoparticle with Cassia auriculata
Bhuvaneswari Dhandapani,
Priya Rajagopal Iyer
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 5, October 2018
Pages:
96-102
Received:
1 August 2018
Accepted:
5 October 2018
Published:
9 November 2018
Abstract: Prawns are a common food for humans all around the World. Particularly the prawn exists naturally in south East Asia. Prawn shells contain ash, fibre, minerals and proteins. Prawns like a Shrimps. It’s a Dendrobranchiata family. Prawn shells were collected from Chindaripet market. Deproteinization followed by demineratisation was carried out to obtain the final product chitin. Cassia auriculata is a legume tree in the subfamily Caesalpinioideae. It contains antioxidants, cardiac Glycosides, anthraguinones, tannins, carbohydrates, alkaloids, phenols, saponin and flavonoids. Cassia auriculata flower has anti- bacterial, anti- diabetic property, the flower taste is stringent, pungent and bitter. Cassia auriculata flowers were dried under room temperature for 2 to 3weeks flowers and grounded with mechanical blender. Then chitin and silver nanoparticles were prepared along with Cassia auriculata flower extract which was extracted with both ethanol and water. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was done by chitin nanoparticles to identify the particle size and morphology. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was done to identify the active compounds. Chitin nanoparticles were used widely in various applications that evaluates anti-microbial activity using E. coli, Staphylococcusaureus, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus mutans, Entero coccus spp, then anti-inflammatory activity gives better inhibition, anti-larvae activity using mosquito larvae. Cassia auriculata (fresh, ethanol) nanoparticles killed all larvae, anti-coagulant and thrombolytic activity were observed.
Abstract: Prawns are a common food for humans all around the World. Particularly the prawn exists naturally in south East Asia. Prawn shells contain ash, fibre, minerals and proteins. Prawns like a Shrimps. It’s a Dendrobranchiata family. Prawn shells were collected from Chindaripet market. Deproteinization followed by demineratisation was carried out to obt...
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Migrant Women’s Use of Modern Contraception in Cotonou, Benin Republic
Boladé Hamed Banougnin,
Adeyemi Olu Adekunle,
Adesina Oladokun,
Mouftaou Amadou Sanni
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 5, October 2018
Pages:
103-112
Received:
9 October 2018
Accepted:
24 October 2018
Published:
10 November 2018
Abstract: Evidence shows that migration, especially from rural areas and small cities to large cities, has critical consequences for sexual and reproductive health services utilization. Very few studies address the issue of contraceptive use among internal migrants in cities of sub-Saharan Africa countries, partly because of the limitations of available data. This study aimed to investigate the associations between migration status and modern contraceptive use and to examine whether and how the effect of migration status changes when it is disaggregated by length of residence, and reason for migration. Data from a survey conducted in Cotonou, the largest city of Benin Republic, from March-May 2018 were used. The study enrolled 792 (1,068 weighted) sexually active women, with the exception of those who reported being pregnant at the time of the survey. The socio- economic and demographic characteristics of the sample were described—this include the percentage of migrants, the length of residence and whether the migration was for school or job reason. Finally, a set of three logistic regression models were computed. These models present: (i) the crude effect of migration on modern contraceptive use, (ii) the effect of migration on modern contraceptive use after adjusting for socio- economic and demographic characteristics, and (iii) the joint effect of migration and reason for migration on modern contraceptive use—while still controlling for socio- economic and demographic characteristics. The results firstly show that there was non-significant association between internal migration and modern contraceptive use. Then, statistically significant differences emerged when migration status is interacted with reason for migration. Migrants in Cotonou for school or work motive had the highest probability of using modern contraception (32%), compared with the other groups (predicted probability values ranging from 17% to 21%). In conclusion, disaggregating migration status by reason for migration leads to better understanding of the effect migration status has on modern contraceptive use.
Abstract: Evidence shows that migration, especially from rural areas and small cities to large cities, has critical consequences for sexual and reproductive health services utilization. Very few studies address the issue of contraceptive use among internal migrants in cities of sub-Saharan Africa countries, partly because of the limitations of available data...
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