-
Microbiological Analysis of Hemodialysis Water at the University Teaching Hospital of Yaounde, Cameroon
Cédric Gueguim,
Nnanga Nga,
François Kaze Folefack,
Alain Ragon,
Hortense Gonsu Kamga
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, December 2016
Pages:
81-86
Received:
23 September 2016
Accepted:
5 November 2016
Published:
8 December 2016
Abstract: Rigorous control of the microbiological quality of water in hemodialysis services is important because the immune system of patients with chronic renal failure is weakened. The objective of this study was to determine the microbiological quality of water for hemodialysis in the hemodialysis department of the University Teaching Hospital of Yaoundé in order to improve the disinfection strategy. Twelve water samples were collected each month at different sites of the hemodialysis circuits A (inlet of filters), B (Outlet of filters / inlet of Reverse Osmosis (RO) device) and C (outlet of the RO device / close to the generator) between July and October 2015 to be analyzed. The bacteria were isolated after filtration of 100 ml of water at each site through nitrocellulose membrane with 0.45 µm microporosity deposited on the surface of the Tryptone Glucose Extract Agar (TGEA) and then incubated at room temperature (20 to 22°C) for 7 days. After transplanting to different environments, pure bacterial isolates were identified by their cultural characters and marketed biochemical galleries. The colony count was well above the required international standards (>100 CFU / ml), for the hemodialysis water with a percentage of 83.3% (10/12) of non-compliance. Among the bacteria identified, nine (09) were Gram-negative bacilli including Pasteurella haemolytica, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas paucimobilis, Aeromonas salmonicida and Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp ozaenae, three (03) Gram-positive bacilli all Bacillus sp and six (06) Gram-positive cocci all of coagulase-negative staphylococci. The most frequently isolated bacterial genera were Pseudomonas (30.4%), Staphylococcus (26.1%), Aeromonas (13%), Bacillus (13%), Klebsiella (13%) and Pasteurella (4.3%). In this study, the high bacteriological contamination of the hemodialysis water with the detection of a variety of bacteria shows that the disinfection procedure of the distribution loop is not efficient and cannot prevent the development of a biofilm. A higher frequency of disinfection (almost every week), an increase of the concentration and time of contact of the chlorine disinfection product or the use of peracetic acid and a regular monitoring can contribute to improve the quality of the hemodialysis water at the CHUY to ensure a better quality of life for patients undergoing this treatment.
Abstract: Rigorous control of the microbiological quality of water in hemodialysis services is important because the immune system of patients with chronic renal failure is weakened. The objective of this study was to determine the microbiological quality of water for hemodialysis in the hemodialysis department of the University Teaching Hospital of Yaoundé ...
Show More
-
Evaluation of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines Expression in Mouse Splenocytes After Incubation with Biofield Treated Herbomineral Formulation: Effect of Biofield Energy Healing Treatment - The Trivedi Effect®
Mahendra Kumar Trivedi,
Alice Branton,
Dahryn Trivedi,
Gopal Nayak,
Alan Joseph Balmer,
Dimitrius Anagnos,
Janice Patricia Kinney,
Joni Marie Holling,
Joy Angevin Balmer,
Lauree Ann Duprey-Reed,
Vaibhav Rajan Parulkar,
Mayank Gangwar,
Snehasis Jana
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, December 2016
Pages:
87-97
Received:
3 November 2016
Accepted:
17 November 2016
Published:
8 December 2016
Abstract: The use of herbomineral formulations in the healthcare sector has increased due to their high safety and better therapeutic action. A new proprietary herbomineral formulation was formulated with a mixture of the herbal root extract of ashwagandha and three minerals viz. zinc chloride, magnesium gluconate, and sodium selenate. The aim of the study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory potential of Biofield Energy Healing (The Trivedi Effect®) on the formulation when applied to splenocyte cells isolated from mice spleen. The formulation was divided into two parts; one was the control without any Biofield Energy Treatment, while the other part was defined as the Biofield Energy Treated sample, which received Biofield Energy Healing Treatment remotely by seven renowned Biofield Energy Healers. The test formulation was evaluated to find the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, MIP-1α, and IL-1β along with non-cytotoxic concentrations by MTT assay. The splenocytes were given the Biofield Energy Treated and untreated sample at concentrations range (0.00001053 to 10.53 µg/mL) for 48 hours and was reported with safe concentration up to 1.053 µg/mL with percentage viability range from 76.7% to 109.2% in both samples. Biofield Energy Healing significantly enhanced the cell viability as compared with the untreated formulation. The expression of TNF-α was significantly inhibited in the Biofield Treated formulation at 0.01053, 0.1053, and 1.053 µg/mL by 1.77%, 1.93%, and 3.55%, respectively compared with the untreated formulation. The rest of the tested concentrations of the Biofield Treated formulation showed an increase in TNF-α expression at 0.00001053, 0.0001053, and 0.001053 µg/mL by 7.26%, 8.50%, and 8.50%, respectively compared to the vehicle control group. Similarly, the MIP-1α expression was inhibited by the Biofield Energy Treated formulation and showed immunosuppression activity at 0.01053 µg/mL by 18.47% (p≤0.001) compared to the untreated formulation. MIP-1α expression was reported as 628.94 ± 13.0 pg/mL in the untreated formulation, while it decreased to 512.74 ± 1.9 pg/mL in the Biofield Treated formulation at 0.01053 µg/mL. In addition, the IL-1β secretion was also significantly inhibited by the Biofield Treated formulation at concentrations 0.001053, 0.01053, 0.1053, and 1.053 µg/mL by 72.02%, 50.16%, 30.68%, and 22.11%, respectively as compared with the untreated formulation. Overall, The Trivedi Effect® significantly down-regulated the pro-inflammatory cytokines and potentiated the immunosuppressive effect of the treated formulation, which can be better utilized in organ transplants, anti-aging, stress management, autoimmune disorders, and inflammatory disorders, etc. to modulate the immune system by improving overall health.
Abstract: The use of herbomineral formulations in the healthcare sector has increased due to their high safety and better therapeutic action. A new proprietary herbomineral formulation was formulated with a mixture of the herbal root extract of ashwagandha and three minerals viz. zinc chloride, magnesium gluconate, and sodium selenate. The aim of the study w...
Show More
-
Role of Cytogenetic Evaluation in Diagnosis of Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Gadhia Pankaj K.,
Patel Monika V.,
Vaniawala Salil N.
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, December 2016
Pages:
98-102
Received:
21 September 2016
Accepted:
11 November 2016
Published:
14 December 2016
Abstract: Aim: Acute leukaemia represents clonal haematological disorders that arise from at least two or more genetics alteration in susceptible haematological cells. The cytogenetic study confirms a wide variety of common, rare and novel chromosomal anomalies in patients with haematological disorders providing valuable diagnostics and prognostic information. Method: Cytogenetic analyses were carried out in a total 4600 suspected patients. Of which, 68 patients were reported with Acute Myeloid Leukaemia. Cytogenetic analyses from bone marrow cultures having age ranging from 5 years to 65 years were carried out. GTG banded metaphases were analysed and karyotypes by automatic karyotyping system and confirmation were made by using Florescent In Situ Hybridization technique (FISH). Results: Results revealed that out of 68 AML patients only 36 patients (52.9%) were found with translocation t(8; 21) (q22; q22) in AML-M2 subtype, 23 patients (33.8%) were found with a translocation t(15; 17) (q22; q12) in AML-M3 and only 09 patients(13.2%) were found with inversion in chromosome16 inv(16) (p13; q22) in AML-M4. Conclusion: It is concluded from the present study that a high prevalence rate of AML were found in t(8; 21) (q22; q22) followed by t(15; 17) (q22; q12) and inv(16) (p13; q22). The significance of results is discussed.
Abstract: Aim: Acute leukaemia represents clonal haematological disorders that arise from at least two or more genetics alteration in susceptible haematological cells. The cytogenetic study confirms a wide variety of common, rare and novel chromosomal anomalies in patients with haematological disorders providing valuable diagnostics and prognostic informatio...
Show More
-
Predictors of Bleeding of Esophageal Varices Among Patients with Portal Hypertension-Sudan
Hyder Osman Mirghani,
Hamza Khamees
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, December 2016
Pages:
103-106
Received:
23 October 2016
Accepted:
17 December 2016
Published:
20 December 2016
Abstract: Esophageal varices develop in more than one third in patients with liver cirrhosis with a high rate of mortality due to bleeding, We aimed to study predictors of bleeding in esophageal varices in Sudan. This retrospective cross-sectional study conducted at the National Gastrointestinal bleeding Center in Sudan, during the period March-September 2007. The record of 236 patients with bleeding esophageal varices was reviewed for: Demographic data, the presence of jaundice, fever, ascites, splenomegaly, and splenectomy full blood count, liver function tests, ultrasonographic report, endoscopic finding. Ethical clearance was obtained from both ethical committees of Sudan Medical Specialization Board, and the National Gastrointestinal bleeding Center. Out of 236 patients their age ranged from 18-79 years with a mean of 52.1±14.3, male dominance was apparent (80%). The majority were from Gazera region (62.3%). Splenomegaly, thrombocytopenia, and raised prothrombin time were found to predict esophageal variceal bleeding P-value <0.05, while fever and splenectomy were not P-value > 0.05. Splenomegaly, thrombocytopenia, and raised prothrombin time were predictors of bleeding in esophageal varices.
Abstract: Esophageal varices develop in more than one third in patients with liver cirrhosis with a high rate of mortality due to bleeding, We aimed to study predictors of bleeding in esophageal varices in Sudan. This retrospective cross-sectional study conducted at the National Gastrointestinal bleeding Center in Sudan, during the period March-September 200...
Show More
-
The Prevalence of Pre-marital Sexual Practice and Its Contributing Factors in Robit High School Students
Fikir Alebachew,
Fentaw Mohammed
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, December 2016
Pages:
107-112
Received:
15 October 2016
Accepted:
2 November 2016
Published:
21 December 2016
Abstract: Sexual activities among high school students have been reported to be increased worldwide. Schools are the ideal places where adequate and accurate information be provided along with their formal education. Some studies revealed that 2 out of 4 peoples in urban Ethiopia practiced their first sexual intercourse in respective high schools. The aim of this study is to assess the status of the premarital sexual practice and its associated factors among high school students at Robit town. A cross sectional study was conducted Among Robit high school students from May to June 2012.Of 242, students 14.9% (69.4% of males and 30.6% females) reported having practiced premarital sexual intercourse. All students had their first sexual intercourse after the age of 15 years. Among those who were sexually active 41.7% and 58.3% were grade 9th and 10th respectively. The main reasons for initiation of the first sexual intercourse were 44.4%, 27.8%, 11.1%, 8.3%, and 8.3% were full in love, had desire, peer pressure, to set money and was drunk respectively. The study findings revealed that there is a high Prevalence of premarital sexual practices among the students. In addition school students are practicing risky sexual behaviors such as multiple sexual partners and sex before marriage. As a result, an integrated effort needs to be initiated to address such school students’ sexual and reproductive health problems.
Abstract: Sexual activities among high school students have been reported to be increased worldwide. Schools are the ideal places where adequate and accurate information be provided along with their formal education. Some studies revealed that 2 out of 4 peoples in urban Ethiopia practiced their first sexual intercourse in respective high schools. The aim of...
Show More
