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Cytotoxic, Acute Toxicity and Phytotoxic Activity of Callicarpa macrophylla in Various Models
Barkatullah,
Muhammad Ibrar,
Muhammad Nafees,
Abdur Rauf,
Haroon Khan
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2-1, March 2015
Pages:
1-4
Received:
21 October 2014
Accepted:
30 October 2014
Published:
5 November 2014
Abstract: The present study describes the cytotoxic, acute toxicity and phytotoxic activities of Callicarpa macrophylla belonging to family Verbanaceae. Brine shrimps cytotoxic bioassay of crude extract of bark of C. macrophylla (CBE) showed 975.22 LD50 value and crude extract of leaves of C. macrophylla (CLE) showed no significant results. However, all the test animals were found absolutely safe in acute toxicity test. In phytotoxic assay against Lemna minor, CLE showed FI50 value of 464.55 and CBE showed no significant results. In conclusion, the CLE showed significant phytotoxic activity and therefore, could be a useful natural herbicidal.
Abstract: The present study describes the cytotoxic, acute toxicity and phytotoxic activities of Callicarpa macrophylla belonging to family Verbanaceae. Brine shrimps cytotoxic bioassay of crude extract of bark of C. macrophylla (CBE) showed 975.22 LD50 value and crude extract of leaves of C. macrophylla (CLE) showed no significant results. However, all the ...
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Phytochemistry of Genus Polygonatum: A Review
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2-1, March 2015
Pages:
5-20
Received:
2 November 2014
Accepted:
6 November 2014
Published:
19 November 2014
Abstract: The current review article deals with the comprehensive phytochemical background of genus Polygonatum. It was observed that out of approximately 60 species, only 9 are subject to phytochemical studies that led mostly to the isolation of saponins, phytohormones, glycosides, flavonoids, esters and alkaloids. However, the remaining species are still waiting for exploration.
Abstract: The current review article deals with the comprehensive phytochemical background of genus Polygonatum. It was observed that out of approximately 60 species, only 9 are subject to phytochemical studies that led mostly to the isolation of saponins, phytohormones, glycosides, flavonoids, esters and alkaloids. However, the remaining species are still w...
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Evaluations of Some Trace Metal Levels from the Leaves of Salix nigra in Hayatabad Industrial Estate Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
Wasim Ahmed,
Mushtaq Ahmad,
Abdur Rauf,
Faridullah Shah,
Sajjad Khan,
Sajid Kamal,
Shahzaib Shah,
Abdullah Khan
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2-1, March 2015
Pages:
21-24
Received:
6 January 2015
Accepted:
16 January 2015
Published:
27 January 2015
Abstract: Plants are crucial components of eco and agrosystems & are the first compartment of the telluric food chain. When grown-up on contaminated soils, they become latent threat to human and animal fitness as they may gather some toxic elements (e.g., metals) in their tissues and causing many serious problems. A new preliminary draft report by “ArizonaSkyWatch” shows dramatic increases in heavy metals that simply do not belong in our air. These figures indicate how many times they are over the allowable toxic limit: Cd 6.0, Cr 6.4 & Zn 7.5. The current study was aimed to evaluate chromium, zinc and cadmium in the leaves of Salix nigra using atomic absorption spectrometry (UV-750 Spectrophotometer). The results showed higher concentration of chromium in S. nigra (0.079 mg/Kg). Zinc and cadmium were with values of 0.55 and 0.04 mg/kg. The chromium levels in the leaves of S. nigra falls above the acceptable limits whereas zinc content exceeds the FAO/WHO set limits which are (99.4 and 0.20 mg/kg). The sturdy connection between the degree of contamination and concentrations in all plant leaves displayed the results that the leaves of S. nigra imitate the environmental changes accurately, and that they seem as an effective biomonitor of environmental quality in areas subjected to industrial and traffic pollutions.
Abstract: Plants are crucial components of eco and agrosystems & are the first compartment of the telluric food chain. When grown-up on contaminated soils, they become latent threat to human and animal fitness as they may gather some toxic elements (e.g., metals) in their tissues and causing many serious problems. A new preliminary draft report by “ArizonaSk...
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Frequency, Causes and Cutting-Edge Treatment of Cataract: A Review
Latifullah Khan,
Rahmat Ali Khan,
Wasim Ahmed,
Abdur Rauf,
M. Waqas Khan,
Wasiullah Khan,
Samran Ahmad Durrani,
Saad Qayum
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2-1, March 2015
Pages:
25-28
Received:
19 January 2015
Accepted:
20 January 2015
Published:
15 February 2015
Abstract: Cataract is the disease which is prevailing world wide rapidly and health care professionals are making serious efforts to investigate the latest, inexpensive and readily available treatment of the disease. The aim of this review was to investigate the pervasiveness, causes and latest treatment of cataract. However this is a cross sectional study in which we study that Cataract occurs when protein is buildup in the lens and makes it cloudy. So the passing of light clearly through the lens is disturbed thus vision is lost up to some extent. Since on the outside of the lens new lens cells are formed, all the older cells are compacted into the center of the lens resulting in the cataract. Beside of this oxygen free radicals are also involved in cataract because its overproduction can stop the reach of glutathione and other antioxidant into lens where it ceases action of oxidant. Genetically prevalence of cataract also possessed. The gene responsible for cataract is Gamma-S crystalline gene (CRYGS).The only way of cataract removal is surgery although some medication are also present but it is not enough evidence that these lowers the risk for cataract formation.
Abstract: Cataract is the disease which is prevailing world wide rapidly and health care professionals are making serious efforts to investigate the latest, inexpensive and readily available treatment of the disease. The aim of this review was to investigate the pervasiveness, causes and latest treatment of cataract. However this is a cross sectional study i...
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Prevalence, Causes, Treatment and the Role of Antioxidants in Ischemic Brain Stroke Diseases: A Review
Wasi Ullah khan,
Rahmat Ali Khan,
Mushtaq Ahmad,
Latif ullah Khan,
M. Waqas Khan,
Samran Ahmad Durrani,
Wasim Ahmed
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2-1, March 2015
Pages:
29-32
Received:
16 January 2015
Accepted:
3 March 2015
Published:
13 May 2015
Abstract: This literature review reveals that in the ischemic stroke the blood clot occur in the brain due to which the arteries blocks and stop the blood flow. There are main two types of ischemic stroke one is thrombolic and the other one is embolic. The prevalence of ischemic stroke is about 85% in the U.S while in Pakistan as such no true incidence of stroke was determined but estimated annual rate is 250/100,000 translating to 350,000 new cases every year. The ischemic stroke is more than haemoregic stroke. Approximately 70 percent of patients have ischemic stroke. In the ischemic stroke there are many different types of risk factors or causes are involved due to which the ischemic stroke may cause e.g. oxidative stress, blood pressure, obesity, sex, family history etc. Many ROS are generated and may cause the oxidative stress due to which the brain is damaged and may cause the ischemic stroke. These risk factors may control through proper medications, regular exercise and the intake of many dietary antioxidants. In this type of disease the many different types of antioxidants e.g. (Bilirubin and Glutathione, Tocopherols, Dietary Vitamin E, Antioxidant Vitamin Supplements, Dietary Vitamin C) are also involved which scavenge the free radicals and reduce the chance of oxidative stress and thus the brain prevented from the damage.
Abstract: This literature review reveals that in the ischemic stroke the blood clot occur in the brain due to which the arteries blocks and stop the blood flow. There are main two types of ischemic stroke one is thrombolic and the other one is embolic. The prevalence of ischemic stroke is about 85% in the U.S while in Pakistan as such no true incidence of st...
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