Appraisal of Lead and Cadmium in the Caprines of Goats (Capra aeggarus hircus) Slaughtered in Ibadan, Nigeria
Emmanuel Tyokumbur,
Joyce Iornumbe
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, February 2017
Pages:
1-5
Received:
5 January 2017
Accepted:
12 January 2017
Published:
4 February 2017
Abstract: A study was carried out on the appraisal of lead and cadmium in the caprines of goats in Ibadan, Nigeria between June and September 2016. Caprines from six goats were collected from Bodija market in Ibadan. A total of 36 samples (Liver, lungs, oesophagus, intestines, heart and muscle) were used in the study. The samples were ashed in a furnace at a temperature of 400°C for two hours for each batch and stored in sample bottles prior to acid digestion. The heavy metals lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) were then analyzed using Buck Scientific Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Each analysis was done in triplicates while standard and blank samples were analyzed for all the 36 samples. The results showed that the highest Cd concentration was found in the liver (0.06ppm) in sample 5 and in the heart of sample 6 (0.06ppm) which exceeded the WHO guideline limit of 0.05ppm. The highest concentration of Pb was found in the heart of sample 1 (0.63ppm), the liver of sample 2 (0.42ppm), the lungs of sample 3 (0.83ppm) and the liver of sample 4 (0.33ppm) all of which exceeded the WHO set limit of 0.01ppm. The study showed that the consumption of caprines and meat (muscle) from goats slaughtered in in Ibadan is relatively safe. It is therefore recommended that there should be regular biomonitoring of heavy metals in the caprines and meat from livestock slaughtered in Ibadan, Nigeria for public health safety.
Abstract: A study was carried out on the appraisal of lead and cadmium in the caprines of goats in Ibadan, Nigeria between June and September 2016. Caprines from six goats were collected from Bodija market in Ibadan. A total of 36 samples (Liver, lungs, oesophagus, intestines, heart and muscle) were used in the study. The samples were ashed in a furnace at a...
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Evaluation of the Impact of the Trivedi Effect® -Energy of Consciousness on the Structure and Isotopic Abundance Ratio of Magnesium Gluconate Using LC-MS and NMR Spectroscopy
Mahendra Kumar Trivedi,
Alice Branton,
Dahryn Trivedi,
Gopal Nayak,
Michael Peter Ellis,
James Jeffery Peoples,
James Joseph Meuer,
Johanne Dodon,
John Lawrence Griffin,
John Suzuki,
Joseph Michael Foty,
Judy Weber,
Julia Grace McCammon,
Karen Brynes Allen,
Kathryn Regina Sweas,
Lezley Jo-Anne Wright,
Lisa A. Knoll,
Madeline E. Michaels,
Margaret Kweya Wahl,
Mark E. Stutheit,
Michelle Barnard,
Muriel Mae Ranger,
Paromvong Sinbandhit,
V. J. Kris Elig,
Kalyan Kumar Sethi,
Parthasarathi Panda,
Snehasis Jana
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, February 2017
Pages:
6-15
Received:
7 February 2017
Accepted:
18 February 2017
Published:
9 March 2017
Abstract: Magnesium gluconate is a classical pharmaceutical/nutraceutical compound used as a magnesium ion source for the prevention and treatment of hypomagnesemia. The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of The Trivedi Effect® - Energy of Consciousness Healing Treatment (Biofield Energy Healing Treatment) on magnesium gluconate for the change in the structural properties and isotopic abundance ratio (PM+1/PM and PM+2/PM) using LC-MS and NMR spectroscopy. Magnesium gluconate was divided into two parts – one part was control, and another part was treated with The Trivedi Effect® - Biofield Energy Healing Treatment remotely by twenty renowned Biofield Energy Healers and defined as The Trivedi Effect® Treated sample. The LC-MS analysis of both the control and treated samples indicated the presence of mass of the protonated magnesium gluconate at m/z 415 at the retention time of 1.52 min and fragmentation pattern of the both sample were almost similar. The relative peak intensities of the fragment ions were significantly changed in the treated sample compared with the control sample. The proton and carbon signals for CH, CH2 and CO groups in the proton and carbon NMR spectra were observed almost similar for the control and the treated samples. The percentage change in the isotopic abundance ratio of PM+1/PM (2H/1H or 13C/12C or 17O/16O or 25Mg/24Mg) was significantly decreased in the treated sample by 17.51% compared with the control sample. Consequently, the isotopic abundance ratio of PM+2/PM (18O/16O or 26Mg/24Mg) in the treated sample was significantly increased by 79.44% compared to the control sample. Briefly, 13C, 2H, 17O, and 25Mg contributions from (C12H23MgO14)+ to m/z 416; 18O and 26Mg contributions from (C12H23MgO14)+ to m/z 417 in treated sample were significantly altered compared with the control sample. Thus, The Trivedi Effect® Treated magnesium gluconate might be supportive to design the novel potent enzyme inhibitors using its kinetic isotope effects. Consequently, The Trivedi Effect® Treated magnesium gluconate would be valuable for designing better pharmaceutical and/or nutraceutical formulations through its changed physicochemical and thermal properties, which might be providing better therapeutic response against various diseases such as diabetes mellitus, allergy, aging, inflammatory diseases, immunological disorders, and other chronic infections.
Abstract: Magnesium gluconate is a classical pharmaceutical/nutraceutical compound used as a magnesium ion source for the prevention and treatment of hypomagnesemia. The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of The Trivedi Effect® - Energy of Consciousness Healing Treatment (Biofield Energy Healing Treatment) on magnesium gluconate for the change...
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