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Effect of Weed Control Methods on Growth and Development of Weeds in Sugarcane Saccharum officinarum L. Fields
Nadir F. Almubarak,
T. K. Srivastava
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 3, September 2015
Pages:
49-54
Received:
13 June 2015
Accepted:
14 July 2015
Published:
15 July 2015
Abstract: A field experiment on sugarcane was carried out during 2012-2013 season at the Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research Farm, Lucknow (UP), India to assess the effect of weed control methods on growth and development of weeds in sugarcane. The experiment was applied according to the Randomized Complete Block Design RCBD with three replications. Application of weed control methods was made at tiller stage of sugarcane crop (Variety CoSe 92423). All 14 treatments comprising various doses and time of application of sufentrazone alone or in combination with other weed control methods including other herbicides. The results have shown that the weed density and dry matter accumulation were significantly reduced due to different treatments at all the growth stages of the crop in comparison to that of control. Weed growth in terms of weed density was recorded to be the lowest with sulfentrazone (pre-em; 900 g ai/ha) at 60, 90 and 120 Day After Planting. However, the dry matter accumulation by weeds was the lowest with three-hoeing as observed at the same growth stages.
Abstract: A field experiment on sugarcane was carried out during 2012-2013 season at the Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research Farm, Lucknow (UP), India to assess the effect of weed control methods on growth and development of weeds in sugarcane. The experiment was applied according to the Randomized Complete Block Design RCBD with three replications. Appli...
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Scheduling Irrigation as a Water Saving Practice for Corn (Zea mays L.) production in Iraq
Ahmed A. Alfalahi,
Hadi M. Karem Al-Abodi,
Bassam K. Abdul Jabbar,
Amer M. Muhdi,
Khiadher A. Sulman
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 3, September 2015
Pages:
55-59
Received:
26 June 2015
Accepted:
14 July 2015
Published:
15 July 2015
Abstract: A field experiment was conducted by using a factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) in three replicates with four irrigation intervals (7, 8, 10 and12 days), which equivalent to 14, 12, 10, and 8 irrigations for two seasons of 2012 and 2013. Irrigation water was applied to the spring var. 5018. The results showed that different irrigation intervals applied had statistically significant effect on number of days to male and female flowering, plant height, leaf area, root dry weight, biological weight and yield. The results in both full irrigations (7and 8 days) which was equivalent to 14, 12 irrigation respectively indicated that no significant difference (P<0.05) between these two treatments, although the maximum yield was obtained from full irrigation 7 days, but these treatments have significant difference (P<0.05) with deficit irrigation treatments (10and 12 days) which equivalent to 10and 8 irrigation in above plant traits and yield. The treatment of 8 days irrigation interval gave highest productivity of irrigation water 0.631 and 0.693 kg/m3 than other irrigation intervals of 7,10 and 12 days which were 0.604, 0.622, 0.552 and 0.587, 0.415 , 0.575 kg/m3in the two seasons respectively. The irrigation interval of 8 days saved about 14% of irrigation water per hectare comparing with other intervals. It can be concluded that the deficit irrigation can improve and increase the water productivity of corn associated with increased yield within an acceptable level under Iraq's semi-arid conditions.
Abstract: A field experiment was conducted by using a factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) in three replicates with four irrigation intervals (7, 8, 10 and12 days), which equivalent to 14, 12, 10, and 8 irrigations for two seasons of 2012 and 2013. Irrigation water was applied to the spring var. 5018. The results showed that different irrigation...
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Effect of Sodium Chloride on Response of Two Wheat Cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) at Germination and Early Seedling Stages
Abdoun H. Alwan,
Khalid A. Hussein,
Khudhair A. Jaddoa
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 3, September 2015
Pages:
60-65
Received:
14 July 2015
Accepted:
24 July 2015
Published:
25 July 2015
Abstract: An experiment was conducted in pots to study the effect of sodium chloride levels (0,50,100,and 150)meg.L-1 on two wheat cultivars AL-Hussein and AL-Rasheed in terms of germination percentages, seedling vigour index, lengths and dry weights of shoot and root, phytotoxicity of shoot and root, stress intensity, stress tolerance index, electrolyte leakage percent and chlorophyll stability index. Salinity treatments were applied from sowing till the end of the experiment. Factorial experiment with CRD design with three replicates was used. Results revealed that, AL-Hussein cultivar gave the highest response to salinity compared with AL-Rasheed in terms of germination percentage., seedling growth, shoot and root dry weights, seedling vigour index, stress tolerance index and chlorophyll stability index. Meanwhile, AL-Rasheed cultivar gave the highest values of shoot and root phytotoxicity stress intensity and electrolyte leakage percent. Sodium chloride significantly affected all studied characteristics, but the highest (level 150 meg.L-1) gave higher increase or decrease in studied characteristics compared with the control. These results indicated that, tolerance of AL-Hussein cultivar to salinity was correlated with stress tolerance index and chlorophyll stability index under salinity stress.
Abstract: An experiment was conducted in pots to study the effect of sodium chloride levels (0,50,100,and 150)meg.L-1 on two wheat cultivars AL-Hussein and AL-Rasheed in terms of germination percentages, seedling vigour index, lengths and dry weights of shoot and root, phytotoxicity of shoot and root, stress intensity, stress tolerance index, electrolyte lea...
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Estimating the Profit Cost Functions, Economic and Technical Efficiencies of Corn Production in Babylon Province in Iraq
Osamah K. Al-Mansi,
Zahra H. Mahmood,
Nada K. Abbas
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 3, September 2015
Pages:
66-73
Received:
13 June 2015
Accepted:
14 July 2015
Published:
29 July 2015
Abstract: The study aimed to estimate the profit and cost functions as well as the economic, price and cost efficiencies of local and hybrid varieties of corn. A random sample of 80 corn farms in Babylon province were selected during the agricultural season 2013. From efficiency scales of profit functions, it was shown that the production size had the greatest impact on the profit of both local and hybrid seeds compared with the other price variables and average production costs. According to the cost functions, the optimal cost-minimizing production sizes were 40.7 ton and 47.77 ton for local and hybrid seeds respectively; while the technical efficiency, economic efficiency, price efficiency and cost efficiency for these seeds were respectively 20.996% and 49.88% ; 20.996% and 49.88% ; 22.34% and 38.74; and 0.49 and 0.59. From these results it can be concluded that employed economic resources in the production process were not optimally exploited which resulted in a reduction in technical efficiencies for both varieties of seeds. The study recommended to follow production policy aiming to increase the economic efficiency and achieve the optimal usage of available resources
Abstract: The study aimed to estimate the profit and cost functions as well as the economic, price and cost efficiencies of local and hybrid varieties of corn. A random sample of 80 corn farms in Babylon province were selected during the agricultural season 2013. From efficiency scales of profit functions, it was shown that the production size had the greate...
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Crop Physiology and Productivity: The Iraqi Experience
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 3, September 2015
Pages:
74-78
Received:
6 July 2015
Accepted:
31 July 2015
Published:
1 August 2015
Abstract: Understanding crop physiology provides us with an exciting information and knowledge for better crop management towards increasing productivity. Based on this fact, many physiological aspects of cereal crops (wheat, rice, sorghum and barley) have been studied during the last two decades in Iraq with interesting achievements. These aspects included : physiological aspects of tillering in wheat and its relationship to the crop management and grain yield, seed priming of rice and sorghum for better seed germination and field establishment, accurate timing of agrochemicals application (e.g. nitrogen fertilizer and plant growth regulators) based on certain critical growth stages to increase grain yield of wheat and barley, and proposed strategies for saving water in rice cultivation among them growing rice successfully, under sprinkler irrigation for saving water and increasing water use efficiency (WUE). The objective of these four case studies was to improve the cereals management and, hence, increasing their grain yield via physiological approaches. Considerable increases in the grain yield of these cereals crops have been achieved via the combination of crop physiology and crop management. Full details of the methodologies and achievements will be presented for each case study. In conclusion, this approach, may represents a good and effective strategy to increase crop productivity and saving water
Abstract: Understanding crop physiology provides us with an exciting information and knowledge for better crop management towards increasing productivity. Based on this fact, many physiological aspects of cereal crops (wheat, rice, sorghum and barley) have been studied during the last two decades in Iraq with interesting achievements. These aspects included ...
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Evaluation of the Variations of Some Traits Among Entries Genotypes of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and Their Relationship with Grain Yield
Salih Hadi Farhood Al-salim,
Reem Al-edelbi,
Hassin kassar,
Hayder Najm Abed
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 3, September 2015
Pages:
79-83
Received:
17 July 2015
Accepted:
4 August 2015
Published:
5 August 2015
Abstract: A field experiment was carried out in Iraq , during the season 2013-2014, in order to evaluate the performance of different ten genotypes of bread wheat in irrigated field conditions, according to the design of randomized complete block in three replications. The results indicated the existence of genetic variability, in a significant manner (at the level 5%), in the response of the studied genotypes to the conditions of the field for all of the traits such as plant height (cm), number of tillers per plant, number of spikes per unit area, spike length (cm), weight of spikes per stem and thousand grains weight (g). Both Egyptian and American genotypes gave the highest grain yield which reached to 4.84, 4.66 tons hectare -1 respectively. While both genotypes Apa-99 and Synthetic-10 gave less grain yield 2.62, 2.60 tons hectare -1 respectively. The study showed the importance of the number of grains per spike and the thousand grains weight due to their positive and high significant correlation with the grain yield, so it can be used as indicators of suitable selection for the development of high- yielding genotypes.
Abstract: A field experiment was carried out in Iraq , during the season 2013-2014, in order to evaluate the performance of different ten genotypes of bread wheat in irrigated field conditions, according to the design of randomized complete block in three replications. The results indicated the existence of genetic variability, in a significant manner (at th...
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Determination of the Elements of Soil Water Balance for Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Under Shallow Water Table
Salloom B. Salim,
Luma S. Khudhair
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 3, September 2015
Pages:
84-90
Received:
24 August 2015
Accepted:
6 September 2015
Published:
14 September 2015
Abstract: To determine the elements of soil water balance equation during the growing season detailed description for calculating daily contribution rates to evapotranspiration of wheat (ET) from applied irrigation water (ETr) and upward flux capillarity (ETc), depth of applied irrigation water (DAIW), change in water storage (Λs) and cumulative evapotranspiration (ETcum) were algorithmed in this study. Irrigation water was applied to three different depths 30, 30-60 and 60 cm at three different depletion rates 50, 70 and 90% from plant available water. Wheat ET ranged from 428.49 to 522.12 mm. Contributions to ET from applied irrigation water ranged from 334.20 to 496.50 mm and increased with increasing irrigation depth. Contributions to ET from upward flux capillarity ranged from 25.61 to 96.59 mm and decreased with increasing irrigation depth. Contributions to ET from applied irrigation water decreased with increasing depletion rate whilst contributions to ET from upward flux capillarity increased with increasing depletion rates. Daily rate contribution to evapotranspiration from irrigation water ranged from 2.15 to 3.20 mm.d-1 and from capillary flux ranged from 0.16 to 0.61 mm.d-1.
Abstract: To determine the elements of soil water balance equation during the growing season detailed description for calculating daily contribution rates to evapotranspiration of wheat (ET) from applied irrigation water (ETr) and upward flux capillarity (ETc), depth of applied irrigation water (DAIW), change in water storage (Λs) and cumulative evapo...
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