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Gravity Model in Foreign Trade(Iraqi Dates as a Case Study)
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, July 2015
Pages:
19-25
Received:
14 May 2015
Accepted:
31 May 2015
Published:
1 June 2015
Abstract: The Gravity Model is considered as one of the important models in foreign trade, because it is used to explain the most important determinants of country exports of it’s exported goods and to determine the competitive state for exports of the country in world market, besides it gives an idea about the most important countries in exporting their goods. The study aims to determine the most important factors affecting the flow of Iraqi dates to world market, and to measure the influence of these factors and to determine suitable model to understand most important determinants of foreign trade of Iraqi dates with most important trading partners. The study proved that per capita of GDP, quantity of commodity produced by country ,quantity of commodity exports from Iraq to global market , export price (FOB) of commodity and equilibrium exchange rate of local currencyversus US$, were the most important factors because these factors formed about (%99) of determinants of flow of Iraqi dates to global market. By analyzing this model with most important trading partners (UAE and Syria), the study found that per capita of GDP representing economic size of the two partners, population in the two partners and the distance between trading capitals with inverse sign were the most important factors.Most of these factors compatible with gravity trade model between states, and these factors determine (%98) and (%58) of changes in flow of Iraqi dates to UAE and Syria respectively.
Abstract: The Gravity Model is considered as one of the important models in foreign trade, because it is used to explain the most important determinants of country exports of it’s exported goods and to determine the competitive state for exports of the country in world market, besides it gives an idea about the most important countries in exporting their goo...
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Influence of Adding Manganese to Tris Extender on some Post-Cryopreservation Semen Attributes of Holstein Bulls
Sajeda Mahdi Eidan,
Talal Anwer Abdulkareem,
Omer Amer Abd Sultan
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, July 2015
Pages:
26-30
Received:
14 May 2015
Accepted:
31 May 2015
Published:
1 June 2015
Abstract: This study was conducted to explore the adding effect of manganese (Mn+2) to Tris extender on post cooling and cryopreservation semen attributes of Holstein bulls for different periods. Seven Holstein bulls of 3.5-4.5 years old were used in this study. Pooled semen was divided into three groups. The first group was diluted with Tris only (control group, G1). While the 2nd (G2) and 3rd (G3) groups were added 0.7 and 0.9 mM Mn+2respectively. The effect of these additions on Holstein bulls semen quality was studied during different periods (cooling at 5 Celsius, 72 hrs.,1st , 2nd and 3rd post cryopreservation, PC). Addition of Mn+2 led to significant increases of total (×106) plasma membrane integrity of sperms and total function sperm fraction as compared with control groups during cooling and PC periods. It can be concluded that the addition two levels of acid Mn+2 led to enhanced PC semen quality of bulls. This will in turn improved fertility rate of cows and owner's economic income.
Abstract: This study was conducted to explore the adding effect of manganese (Mn+2) to Tris extender on post cooling and cryopreservation semen attributes of Holstein bulls for different periods. Seven Holstein bulls of 3.5-4.5 years old were used in this study. Pooled semen was divided into three groups. The first group was diluted with Tris only (control g...
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Estimation of Salt Tolerance Degree in some Selected Wheat Genotypes by Using Detection of Salt Tolerant Gene (TaSTK) and its Expression Under Salinity Conditions
I. H. Al-Mashhadani Ibrahim
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, July 2015
Pages:
31-35
Received:
26 May 2015
Accepted:
9 June 2015
Published:
11 June 2015
Abstract: Molecular studies were carried out to detect salt tolerance gene (TaSTK) and estimate their expression in two selected cultivars (Dijilla and Furat) and one genotype (N3) of wheat under salinity condition (0, 15, 25 ds/m) as compared with salt sensitive cultivar (Tamooze-2). These cultivars and genotype were selected through plant breeding programs. The cDNA and gene amplification method used for this detection. Real-time PCR sybergreen method used to estimate the CT values and gene expression. The gene band length is 150 bp which appeared only in the selected materials (salt tolerance), while this gene absent in the salt sensitive culture (Tamooze-2). Amount and expression of TaSTK gene to be enhanced under salt conditions, and the degree of salt related enhancement was greatly only in salt-tolerant materials. Excess expression and amount of the TaSTK gene were at high salinity levels. At all salinity levels also the results showed that the amount and expression of this gene were proximately similar in all selected materials by contrast, there were no amount and expression of this gene in sensitive culture (local cultivar).
Abstract: Molecular studies were carried out to detect salt tolerance gene (TaSTK) and estimate their expression in two selected cultivars (Dijilla and Furat) and one genotype (N3) of wheat under salinity condition (0, 15, 25 ds/m) as compared with salt sensitive cultivar (Tamooze-2). These cultivars and genotype were selected through plant breeding programs...
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Response of Three Rice Cultivars to the Intermittent Irrigation in Southern Iraq
Saad Flaih Hassan,
Khidhir Abbas Hameed,
Abdul Karim H. Ethafa,
Ali NadhimKadim,
Abdul Hassan Y. Abbod,
Abdul Rudha H. Ali,
Foad I. Khalil
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, July 2015
Pages:
36-41
Received:
29 May 2015
Accepted:
16 June 2015
Published:
19 June 2015
Abstract: A field trial was conducted at Al-Mishkhab Rice Research Station during 2011 season, to assess the effects of irrigation intervals on water productivity and yield components of three local rice varieties (Anber 33, Yasamin, and Furat 1). Two irrigation methods were practiced: continuous ponding and intermittent water application where irrigation water was scheduled at three different intervals (3, 5 and 7 days).The trial was performed as split plot based on a complete randomized blocks design (RCBD) having three replications. Seedlings were transplanted 20 days following germination into rows. 30 cm a part with 20 cm distance between plants within rows. The results showed that the 3-days, 5-days and 7-days intervals of irrigation consumed 50%, 45% and 36% as much water, as continuous flood. The 3-days irrigation interval increased yield by 2% compared with continuous flood while the 7-days irrigation interval decreased yield by 15% compared with continuous flood. Furat1 and Yasamin varieties manifested higher water compared with Anber33. Water productivity of Furat 1 and Yasamin were 0.6108kg.m-3 and 0.5667kg.m-3 respectively. It is concluded that replacing current continuous submergence of rice crops with 3-days interval irrigation will lead to a substantial saving of water, about 50%, while raising yields; and having 7-days interval irrigation could indeed give much-improved productivity of water (grain produced per unit of water).This latter option should be considered even if it does not maximize grain produced per unit of land area in as much as water is becoming a resource more limiting than land for Iraqi agriculture. This water management strategy could help to deal with the shortage in water that is facing Iraqi farmers now and in the foreseeable future.
Abstract: A field trial was conducted at Al-Mishkhab Rice Research Station during 2011 season, to assess the effects of irrigation intervals on water productivity and yield components of three local rice varieties (Anber 33, Yasamin, and Furat 1). Two irrigation methods were practiced: continuous ponding and intermittent water application where irrigation wa...
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Response of Yield, Yield Components and Oil Quality of some Safflower Genotypes to Harvesting Date
Makkiyah Kadhum Alag,
Saddam Hakeem Cheyed,
Nazy Awishalem Sarkees
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, July 2015
Pages:
42-48
Received:
8 June 2015
Accepted:
24 June 2015
Published:
1 July 2015
Abstract: This study was conducted at experimental field, College of Agriculture, Baghdad University, Abu-Ghraib-Iraq, during winter seasons 2010-2011 and 2011-2012. Randomized Complete Block Design with three replicates arranged in a spilt-plot was used. Five genotypes (G2018, Gila, Al-mais, Aurduny and Rabee 500) represents main plots, whereas four harvesting dates at [ physiological maturity (PM), 10, 20 and 30 days after (PM) ] were assigned as sub-plots. In both seasons at physiological maturity stage, the plants attained the highest plant height, number of primary branches per plant, number of heads per plant, 100-seed weight, seed yield, oil content and oil yield. Also, Rabee 500 genotype’s plants were characterized by recording the highest number of primary branches per plant, number of heads per plant, 100-seed weight, seed yield and oil content. Aurduny genotype when was harvested at first date obtained the highest seed yield (3.5 and 3.6 t ha-1) for both seasons, oil content (36.2%) in 2011-2012 season and the highest oil yield (1.3 t ha-1) in 2010-2011 season. In contrast, G2018 genotype obtained the highest oil content (35.4%) when harvested at the first date in 2010-2011 and oil yield (2.4 t ha-1) in 2011-2012 when harvested after 20 days from PM. Plants of first season produced the highest seed yield (2.4 t ha-1), while the same plants in the second season were recognized by recording the highest oil content (31.4%). There was a high significant positive correlation between seed yield with plant height, number of primary branches per plant, number of heads per plant and 100-seed weight. Also, a positive and highly significant correlation between oil yield and seed yield and oil content for both seasons was found.
Abstract: This study was conducted at experimental field, College of Agriculture, Baghdad University, Abu-Ghraib-Iraq, during winter seasons 2010-2011 and 2011-2012. Randomized Complete Block Design with three replicates arranged in a spilt-plot was used. Five genotypes (G2018, Gila, Al-mais, Aurduny and Rabee 500) represents main plots, whereas four harvest...
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