A field experiment was conducted by using a factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) in three replicates with four irrigation intervals (7, 8, 10 and12 days), which equivalent to 14, 12, 10, and 8 irrigations for two seasons of 2012 and 2013. Irrigation water was applied to the spring var. 5018. The results showed that different irrigation intervals applied had statistically significant effect on number of days to male and female flowering, plant height, leaf area, root dry weight, biological weight and yield. The results in both full irrigations (7and 8 days) which was equivalent to 14, 12 irrigation respectively indicated that no significant difference (P<0.05) between these two treatments, although the maximum yield was obtained from full irrigation 7 days, but these treatments have significant difference (P<0.05) with deficit irrigation treatments (10and 12 days) which equivalent to 10and 8 irrigation in above plant traits and yield. The treatment of 8 days irrigation interval gave highest productivity of irrigation water 0.631 and 0.693 kg/m3 than other irrigation intervals of 7,10 and 12 days which were 0.604, 0.622, 0.552 and 0.587, 0.415 , 0.575 kg/m3in the two seasons respectively. The irrigation interval of 8 days saved about 14% of irrigation water per hectare comparing with other intervals. It can be concluded that the deficit irrigation can improve and increase the water productivity of corn associated with increased yield within an acceptable level under Iraq's semi-arid conditions.
| Published in | International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences (Volume 1, Issue 3) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ijaas.20150103.12 |
| Page(s) | 55-59 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Deficit Irrigation, Corn, Grain Yield, Water Productivity, Semi-Arid Conditions
| [1] | Food and Agriculture Organization , FAO stat, 2013. |
| [2] | A. Al-Falihi, A. Al-Aini, E.andA. Taha, "Developing Land Suitability Maps for Some Crops in Abu-Ghraib Using Remote Sensing and GIS". Journal of Remote Sensing and GIS., Vol. 2. Issue 1, 2014 |
| [3] | T. Oweis, T. Zhang and H. Pala," Water use efficiency of rainfed and irrigation bread wheat in Mediterranean environments". Agron.J, 92: 231-238, 2000. |
| [4] | L. Pereira, T. Oweis and A. Zairi, "Irrigation management under water scarcity". Agr. Water Manage, 57: 175–206,2002. |
| [5] | E. Fereres and M. Soriano," Deficit irrigation for reducing agricultural water use. Special issue on ‘Integrated approaches to sustain and improve plant production under drought stress".J. Exp. Bot, 58: 147–159, 2007 |
| [6] | M.English, "Deficit irrigation. I. Analytical framework". Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 116: 399–412, 1990. |
| [7] | F. Elias and M. Soriano, "Deficit irrigation for reducing agricultural water use". Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol. 58, No. 2: 147– 159, 2007 |
| [8] | T. Setter , B. Flannigan and J. Melkonian. "Loss of kernel set due to water deficit and shade in maize". Crop Sc, 41: 1530–1540, 2001. |
| [9] | M. Westgate." Physiology of flowering in maize: Identifying avenues to improve kernel set during drought", 1997. |
| [10] | C. Zinselmeier, M. Westgate, J. Schussler and R. Jones." Low water potential disrupts carbohydrate metabolism in maize ( Zea mays L.) ovaries". Plant physiol, 107: 385-391, 1995. |
| [11] | H. Igbadun, B. Salim, R. Tarimo and H.Mahoo." Effects of deficit irrigation scheduling on yields and soil water balance of irrigated maize".Irri. Sci, 27: 11–23, 2008. |
| [12] | K. Pandey W. Maranville A. Admou." Deficit irrigation and nitrogen effects on maize in a Sahelion environment I. Grain yield and yield components". Agric. Water Manage, 46: 1–13, 2000. |
| [13] | .B. Viswanatha, B. Ramachandrappa and H. Nanjappa." Soil-plant water status and yield of sweet corn as influenced by drip irrigation and planting methods". Agric. Water Manage, 55: 85–91, 2002. |
| [14] | F. Karam , J. Breidy, C. Stephan and J. Rouphael ."Evapotranspiration, yield and water use efficiency of drip irrigated corn in the Bekaa Valley of Lebanon". Agric.Water Manage, 63 (2): 125–137, 2003. |
| [15] | M. Tarighaleslami, R. Zarghami, M. Mashhadi and M. Oveysi." Effects of drought stress and different nitrogen levels on morphological traits of proline in leaf and Protein of corn seed (Zea mays L.)". Am-Euras. J. Agric. & Environ. Sci, 12 (1): 49–56, 2012. |
| [16] | A. Koksal, E. Sekip, B. Dursun, B. Ruhi and T. Ramazan."The influence of regular deficit irrigation applications on water use, yield, and quality components of two corn (Zea mays L.) genotypes". Agricultural Water Management, 128 : 65– 71, 2013. |
| [17] | H. Shivakumar, B. Ramachandrappa and N. Mudalagiriyappa." Effect of phenophase based irrigation schedules on growth, yield and quality of baby corn (Zea mays L.)". Agric. Sci, 2 (3): 267–272, 2011. |
| [18] | C. Kirda, R. Kanber, K. Tulucu and H. Gungor."Yield response of cotton, maize, soybean, sugarbeet, sunflower and wheat to deficit irrigation". In: Nuclear Techniques to Assess Irrigation Schedules for Field Crops. IAEA, TECDOC 888, 243-260, Vienna,1996. |
| [19] | A. Fahid, R. Shehib, A. Ali and A. Mohammed. "Irrigation managemen of Maize (Zea mays L.) to increase of water use efficiency in middle of Iraq". Arab Organization for Agricultural Development, 2002. |
| [20] | A. Salih, and A . Falih ".Management of corn irrigation to increase water efficiency in middle of Iraq". Diyala Journal for Agricultural Sciences, 4(1): 62-75, 2012 |
| [21] | K. Kawaiz and B. Abdulsatter." Guide for Irrigation of some crops in middle region of Iraq". Report No. 15,Water requirements Research Unit. Institute of Natural Resources Research and Center of Soil Research and Land Reclamation. General Organization for soil and land reclamation, Baghdad Iraq, 1977. |
| [22] | A. Al-Dhferi."The impact of mulching on evaportranspiration and its relationship to soil moisture and maize growth and yield". Ph.D thesis, Baghdad.Iraq, 1998. |
| [23] | A. Fahid, A. Al-Zubadi, K. Hamudi and A. Alrawi." The use of saline water for agricultural purposes. Seminar on water resources, currently and future".Baghdad – Iraq,Ministry of Irrigation, 2002. |
| [24] | A.O.A.C. Association of official Analytical chemists. "Official methods of Analysis". A.O.A.C. 10th (Ed) republished by A.O.A.C Washington D.C., USA, Vol.58 (4): 1015, 1975. |
| [25] | M. Al-Aalwsi." Response of corn Hybrids and strains to deficit nitrogen and irrigation water". PhD thesis, Univ. of Baghdad. Iraq, 2005. |
| [26] | R. Steel and H. Torrie."Principles and procedures of statistics. A biometrical approach". McGraw–Hill, New York: 186–187, 1980. |
| [27] | G. Edmeads, J. Bolanos, M. Hernandez and S. Bello." Causes for silk delay in a lowland tropical maize population". Crop Sci, 33: 1029-1035, 1993. |
| [28] | E. Sadler, J. Bauer W. Busscher and A. Millen."Site specific analysis of a drought corn crop: Part II. Water use and stress". Agron. J, 92: 403–410, 2000. |
| [29] | H. Campos, M.Cooper, J. Habben, G. Edmeades and R. Schussler." Improving drought tolerance in maize: a view from industry".Field Crop.Res, 90: 19–34, 2004. |
| [30] | K. Khera, S. Prihar Sandhu B. Sandhu and K. Mulch." nitrogen and irrigation effects on growth , yield and nutrient uptake of forage corn". Agron. J, 68: 937-940, 1976. |
| [31] | S. Anac, M. Ul and I. Tuzel."Corn yield as affected by deficit irrigation". In: Fyen, J., Mwendera, E., Badji, M. (Eds.). Advances in Planning Design and Management of Irrigation Systems as Related to Sustainable Land Use. Center for Irrigation Engineering (CIE), European Committee for Water Resources Management (ECOWARM), Belgium, 1992. |
| [32] | J. Cavero, I. Farre, P. Debaeke and T. Faci." Simulation of maize yield under water stress with EPIC phase and Cropwat models". Agron. J, 92: 679–690, 2000. |
| [33] | S. Traore, R. Carlson, C. Pilchera and M. Rice." Bt and Non-Bt maize growth and development as affected by temperature and drought stress". Agron. J, 92:1027–1035, 2000. |
| [34] | R. Yang." Estimation of maize evapotranspiration and yield under different deficit irrigation on a sandy farmland in Northwest China". African Journal of Agricultural Research, Vol. 7(33), 4698-4707, 2012. |
| [35] | J. Mbagwu. "Effect of bulk density and irrigation frequency on the root growth and dry matter yields of corn and cowpea for three Nigerian and sub profiles". Beitrage Trop. Land-wirtsch veterinrmed, 23: 277-275, 1985. |
| [36] | A. Fonseca, J. Lizasob, M. Westgate, L. Grass and, D. Dornbos ."Simulating potential kernel production in maize hybrid seed field". Crop Sci, 44: 1696- 1709, 2004. |
| [37] | T. Al-Khish, M. Al-Abed and K.Ismail." The effect of water stress on the growth and yield of some varieties and hybrids of maize in Deir Ezzor".7th Scientific Conference of the State Board for Agricultural Research, Syria, 2009. |
APA Style
Ahmed A. Alfalahi, Hadi M. Karem Al-Abodi, Bassam K. Abdul Jabbar, Amer M. Muhdi, Khiadher A. Sulman. (2015). Scheduling Irrigation as a Water Saving Practice for Corn (Zea mays L.) production in Iraq. International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences, 1(3), 55-59. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20150103.12
ACS Style
Ahmed A. Alfalahi; Hadi M. Karem Al-Abodi; Bassam K. Abdul Jabbar; Amer M. Muhdi; Khiadher A. Sulman. Scheduling Irrigation as a Water Saving Practice for Corn (Zea mays L.) production in Iraq. Int. J. Appl. Agric. Sci. 2015, 1(3), 55-59. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaas.20150103.12
AMA Style
Ahmed A. Alfalahi, Hadi M. Karem Al-Abodi, Bassam K. Abdul Jabbar, Amer M. Muhdi, Khiadher A. Sulman. Scheduling Irrigation as a Water Saving Practice for Corn (Zea mays L.) production in Iraq. Int J Appl Agric Sci. 2015;1(3):55-59. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaas.20150103.12
Share This Article
Twitter
Linked In
Facebook
Copy
Download@article{10.11648/j.ijaas.20150103.12,
author = {Ahmed A. Alfalahi and Hadi M. Karem Al-Abodi and Bassam K. Abdul Jabbar and Amer M. Muhdi and Khiadher A. Sulman},
title = {Scheduling Irrigation as a Water Saving Practice for Corn (Zea mays L.) production in Iraq},
journal = {International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences},
volume = {1},
number = {3},
pages = {55-59},
doi = {10.11648/j.ijaas.20150103.12},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20150103.12},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijaas.20150103.12},
abstract = {A field experiment was conducted by using a factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) in three replicates with four irrigation intervals (7, 8, 10 and12 days), which equivalent to 14, 12, 10, and 8 irrigations for two seasons of 2012 and 2013. Irrigation water was applied to the spring var. 5018. The results showed that different irrigation intervals applied had statistically significant effect on number of days to male and female flowering, plant height, leaf area, root dry weight, biological weight and yield. The results in both full irrigations (7and 8 days) which was equivalent to 14, 12 irrigation respectively indicated that no significant difference (P<0.05) between these two treatments, although the maximum yield was obtained from full irrigation 7 days, but these treatments have significant difference (P<0.05) with deficit irrigation treatments (10and 12 days) which equivalent to 10and 8 irrigation in above plant traits and yield. The treatment of 8 days irrigation interval gave highest productivity of irrigation water 0.631 and 0.693 kg/m3 than other irrigation intervals of 7,10 and 12 days which were 0.604, 0.622, 0.552 and 0.587, 0.415 , 0.575 kg/m3in the two seasons respectively. The irrigation interval of 8 days saved about 14% of irrigation water per hectare comparing with other intervals. It can be concluded that the deficit irrigation can improve and increase the water productivity of corn associated with increased yield within an acceptable level under Iraq's semi-arid conditions.},
year = {2015}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Scheduling Irrigation as a Water Saving Practice for Corn (Zea mays L.) production in Iraq AU - Ahmed A. Alfalahi AU - Hadi M. Karem Al-Abodi AU - Bassam K. Abdul Jabbar AU - Amer M. Muhdi AU - Khiadher A. Sulman Y1 - 2015/07/15 PY - 2015 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20150103.12 DO - 10.11648/j.ijaas.20150103.12 T2 - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences JF - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences JO - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences SP - 55 EP - 59 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2469-7885 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20150103.12 AB - A field experiment was conducted by using a factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) in three replicates with four irrigation intervals (7, 8, 10 and12 days), which equivalent to 14, 12, 10, and 8 irrigations for two seasons of 2012 and 2013. Irrigation water was applied to the spring var. 5018. The results showed that different irrigation intervals applied had statistically significant effect on number of days to male and female flowering, plant height, leaf area, root dry weight, biological weight and yield. The results in both full irrigations (7and 8 days) which was equivalent to 14, 12 irrigation respectively indicated that no significant difference (P<0.05) between these two treatments, although the maximum yield was obtained from full irrigation 7 days, but these treatments have significant difference (P<0.05) with deficit irrigation treatments (10and 12 days) which equivalent to 10and 8 irrigation in above plant traits and yield. The treatment of 8 days irrigation interval gave highest productivity of irrigation water 0.631 and 0.693 kg/m3 than other irrigation intervals of 7,10 and 12 days which were 0.604, 0.622, 0.552 and 0.587, 0.415 , 0.575 kg/m3in the two seasons respectively. The irrigation interval of 8 days saved about 14% of irrigation water per hectare comparing with other intervals. It can be concluded that the deficit irrigation can improve and increase the water productivity of corn associated with increased yield within an acceptable level under Iraq's semi-arid conditions. VL - 1 IS - 3 ER -
Information
Email: