Phosphate Solubilizing Bio-fertilizers and Their Role in Bio-available P Nutrient: An Overview
Reshid Abafita Abawari,
Fasil Asefa Tuji,
Diriba Muleta Yadete
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 6, November 2020
Pages:
162-171
Received:
2 October 2020
Accepted:
17 October 2020
Published:
30 October 2020
Abstract: Soil is an ecosystem that plays a fundamental role in the availability of plant nutrients and contains a diverse array of beneficial microorganisms which can play a key role in soil fertility enhancement. Soil fertility management strategies for improving plant nutrients and crop productivity include the use of application of composts, vermicomposts and manures, and application of biofertilizer or microbial inoculants. The application of efficient phosphate-solubilizing microbial inoculants in agriculture opens up new insight for future crop productivity besides sustaining soil health. Development in the use of phosphate solublizing bio-inoculants are one of the recently promising options for meeting agricultural challenges imposed by the still growing demand for food. In this regard this review will show that phosphate-solubilizing microbes (PSMs) have tremendous potential as bio-fertilizers. Bio-fetilizer technologies can contribute to efficient utilization of limited resource of phosphorus fertilizers under low-input farming systems and guarantee the environment for livelihood. To strengthen the application of phosphate solublizing bio-inoculants, there is a need to know and understand the methods for their isolation and characterization of phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms and the mechanisms they used to solublize phosphate to make it available for plant nutrition. At the same time there is a need to understand various sources of bio-inoculants used for the primary isolation and characterization of indigenous phosphate solublizers which will be focused in this review. This review will also provide a broad spectrum for the various mechanisms of phosphate solublization and its impact in sustainable agriculture.
Abstract: Soil is an ecosystem that plays a fundamental role in the availability of plant nutrients and contains a diverse array of beneficial microorganisms which can play a key role in soil fertility enhancement. Soil fertility management strategies for improving plant nutrients and crop productivity include the use of application of composts, vermicompost...
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Onfarm Validation of Agricultural Technologies for Supporting Tef Extension Package Formulation in Ethiopia
Yazachew Genet,
Aklilu Nigussie,
Tsion Fikre,
Kebebew Assefa,
Rehima Musema
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 6, November 2020
Pages:
172-178
Received:
25 September 2020
Accepted:
15 October 2020
Published:
16 November 2020
Abstract: Tef grain yield is low, at 1.75kgha-1 in Ethiopia. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to compare biological superiority of the technology package; to conduct partial budget cost-benefit analysis of the technology and to improve the full package of recommendations. Three interventions packages on the tef production system which are: extension package, Agricultural transformation Agency of Ethiopia package and the research package (row and broadcast planting) application was laid out in a randomized complete block design with the replication (farmers/ locations as replication). The experimental plot size was 500m2. The result indicates that research package on broadcast planting and raw planting systems were found to be superior in grain yield 1580kgha-1 and 1550 kgha-1, respectively. Similarly research row sowing and broadcasting recommendations were gave higher above ground biomass 10167kgha-1 and 10000kgha-1, respectively as compared to the ATA and Extension package practice. Thus, the result revealed that seed rate of 10-15 kgha-1 both broad cast and row sowing gives better grain yield and shoot biomass providing the highest return with marginal rate of return, whereas ATA package was found to be the least economically viable treatment having minimum MRR. The partial budget analysis result showed that net returns of treatments extension package, research row planting package and research broadcasting package exceeded the net return of the control- ATA package by Ethiopian birr (EB) (0.32), 1.09 and 1.65, respectively (US$ 1=EB 27.49). The decrease in cost for treatment of extension package relative to the control-ATA package was EB 1.03; the added net benefit from this treatment was EB 0.75 per unit, giving a marginal rate of return of 137%. The decrease in cost of treatment research with row planting package relative to treatment of the control-ATA package was EB 71%, while the increase in net return was EB 32.6 per unit of production, giving a marginal rate of return on the increased expenditure of 218%. The relative decreasing cost of treatment research tef broadcast planting was EB 60.7% per unit of production as compared to the control-ATA package, while the increase in net return relative to treatment the control was EB 3.38 for a marginal rate of return of 17.95%. Given the high cost of capital, treatments of the control-ATA and the extension package cannot be recommended as they indicate negative benefit cost ration with (0.51) and (0.31) respectively while 1.09 and 1.65 for research row planting and broadcast planting, respectively yet; the broadcast planting of tef production indicated superior in returns of EB 0.65 for EB 1 invested in the production at small scale level. Considering the lack of appropriate tef row planting at the moment, broadcast planting with 10-15 seed rate should be used as tef production package in the country.
Abstract: Tef grain yield is low, at 1.75kgha-1 in Ethiopia. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to compare biological superiority of the technology package; to conduct partial budget cost-benefit analysis of the technology and to improve the full package of recommendations. Three interventions packages on the tef production system which are: extens...
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Husbandry Practice and Reproductive Performance of Indigenous Chicken Ecotype in Awi Zone, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 6, November 2020
Pages:
179-184
Received:
2 October 2020
Accepted:
21 October 2020
Published:
4 December 2020
Abstract: The study was conducted to generate comprehensive information on Husbandry practice and Reproductive performance of indigenous chicken ecotype in Awi zone in Adiss-kidame town in fagita district of Awi Zone, Amahara Regional State, Ethiopia. The study was performed based on household survey and observation. For household survey, three kebeles were selected and a total of 60 households (20 from each kebeles) were involved. Most of the household in the study area was practiced backyard chicken production systems (73.3%). The major objective of raising chicken in the study area was egg production (46.7%) and income generation (46.7%). The majority of the households in the study area were practiced semi-extensive management systems (60%). The entire households in the study area were providing supplementary feed and water for their chicken. The age of cockerels at first mating and pullets at first egg laying were 5.21 months and 5.77 months, respectively. The entire households in the study area were hatching (brooding) the egg by using natural incubation hence broody hens used as a natural incubation method. Indigenous breeds of chickens are playing an important role in rural economies in most of the developing (underdeveloped) countries especially in Ethiopia. Since local chickens have good potential to adapt in different agro-ecology, Variations of disease and water shortage of the environments. They play a major role for the rural poor and marginalized section of the people with respect to their subsidiary income and provide them with nutritious of chicken egg and meat for their own consumption. This finding was baseline for understanding about Husbandry practice and Reproductive performance of indigenous chicken ecotype.
Abstract: The study was conducted to generate comprehensive information on Husbandry practice and Reproductive performance of indigenous chicken ecotype in Awi zone in Adiss-kidame town in fagita district of Awi Zone, Amahara Regional State, Ethiopia. The study was performed based on household survey and observation. For household survey, three kebeles were ...
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Review on: Effect of Seed Storage Period and Storage Environment on Seed Quality
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 6, November 2020
Pages:
185-190
Received:
25 September 2020
Accepted:
30 October 2020
Published:
31 December 2020
Abstract: Seed quality deterioration is inevitable process. Since seed is a vital input in agriculture which determines not just the production but also the productivity, it is crucial to maintain the seed quality as well as seed vigor during the storage. Storage is a basic practice in the control of the physiological quality of the seed and is a method through which the viability of the seeds can be preserved and their vigor kept at a reasonable level during the time between planting and harvesting. Many researches on seed storage period have been investigated that seeds can be stored for short period is found in least deterioration. In contrast changes associated with seed deterioration are depletion in food reserve, increased enzyme activity, increased fat acidity and membrane permeability. As the catabolic changes continue with increasing age, the ability of the seed to germinate is reduced. Gradual decrease in the seed quality parameters were observed, as the storage period increase. It is estimated that good quality seeds of improved varieties alone can contribute about 18 to 20 per cent increase in crop yield keeping all the other inputs constant. Lastly using seeds as planting material which stored with in short period of time and in proper environment is very important.
Abstract: Seed quality deterioration is inevitable process. Since seed is a vital input in agriculture which determines not just the production but also the productivity, it is crucial to maintain the seed quality as well as seed vigor during the storage. Storage is a basic practice in the control of the physiological quality of the seed and is a method thro...
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