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Application of Lemongrass and Cinnamon Pesticides on Rice Ear Bug (Leptocorisa oratorius Fabricius) in Padi Plant
Christina Salaki,
Vivi Montong
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 5, September 2019
Pages:
105-108
Received:
24 July 2019
Accepted:
13 August 2019
Published:
4 September 2019
Abstract: Lemongrass and cinnamon plant are known holding active compounds that can be used as raw materials of plant pesticides. It is related with their ability to kill, extrude, and prevent the pest insects from feeding, including rice ear bug Leptocorisa oratorius, one of the dangerous and uncontrollable padi plant pests. This study was aimed at finding the best formula of lemongrass and cinnamon-based plant pesticide formulation to control rice ear bug L. oratorius, to know the killing ability, and to do the pathogenicity test. It was carried out in a greenhouse of Pest and Disease Department, Faculty of Agriculture, UNSRAT, Manado, in March to September 2018. The treatments consisted of mixed lemongrass and cinnamon at concentrations of 2 cc/L, 4 cc/L, 6 cc/L, 8 cc/L, 10 cc/L, and control. Parameters observed were nymph mortalities at 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after application. The treatments were administered by spraying the insect, the plant, and the insect on the plant. Results showed that spraying the insect with rice ear bug pesticide could result in 36.7 – 86.7% of mortality and with cinnamon pesticide could kill 56.7 – 93.3%, spraying the plant with rice ear bug and cinnamon pesticides could cause 3.3 – 36.7% and 6.7 – 40% of mortality, respectively, while spraying the insect on the plant could make 60 – 100% of mortality using rice ear bug pesticide and 70 – 100% of mortality using cinnamon pesticide at 12 and 72 hours after the application.
Abstract: Lemongrass and cinnamon plant are known holding active compounds that can be used as raw materials of plant pesticides. It is related with their ability to kill, extrude, and prevent the pest insects from feeding, including rice ear bug Leptocorisa oratorius, one of the dangerous and uncontrollable padi plant pests. This study was aimed at finding ...
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Weed Control in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Through Mulch Types in Kakamega County, Kenya
Anthony Simiyu Mabele,
Millicent Florence Owuor Ndong’a
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 5, September 2019
Pages:
109-113
Received:
12 August 2019
Accepted:
30 August 2019
Published:
16 September 2019
Abstract: Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is the third most important vegetable crop after potato (Solanum tuberosum) and onion (Allium cepa). Its production heavily involves the use of synthetic pesticides with detrimental impact on humans, insect pollinators, water sources, soil fertility and environment. This study uses different mulch types to mitigate this problem. Mulching is an agricultural technique that protects the roots of plants from heat and cold by use of inorganic and organic mulch types to cover the soil surface around plants. Tomato production in Kakamega County is below 2%. Weeds are ranked high among the yield reducing factors. This study consists of four mulch treatments of white polyethylene (0.18mm thick), maize stalks (18.0cm thick), grass clippings (18.0cm thick), guava leaves (18.0cm thick) and no mulch as control with three popularly grown tomato varieties. The mulch treatments were arranged as factorial in a completely randomized block design replicated three times in the experimental plots, at Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology (0°171N, 34°451E). Tomato variety sub-treatments were completely randomized in the plots to minimize non–experimental bias during sampling weeds incidence. The field project was conducted during the short rains and long rains season of 2016-2017. Data obtained was subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SAS software, version 9.3 (SAS Institute lnc.) at p<0.05 confidence level. Least Significance Difference (LSD) was used to separate the means. Mean weed density was significantly highest in control plots (94.51%) and least in mulched plots (11.41%). The tomato plant growth parameters (leaf length, leaf width, stem height and stem width) were significantly higher in mulched than control plots. Mulches provide clean field sanitation, inhibits weed seed germination, promotes plant growth with high crop yields and reduces synthetic pesticides and herbicides application.
Abstract: Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is the third most important vegetable crop after potato (Solanum tuberosum) and onion (Allium cepa). Its production heavily involves the use of synthetic pesticides with detrimental impact on humans, insect pollinators, water sources, soil fertility and environment. This study uses different mulch types to mitigate thi...
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Postharvest Treatment with Hydrogen Peroxide to Control Orange Fruit Decay Caused by Penicillum digitatum and Penicillum italicum
Xiangchun Meng,
Zepeng Huang,
Chao Fan
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 5, September 2019
Pages:
114-119
Received:
29 August 2019
Accepted:
30 September 2019
Published:
15 October 2019
Abstract: Imazalil and Thiabendazole chemical based fungicides are currently used to control citrus green/blue molds, which is mainly caused by P. digitatum and P. italicum. In order to find alternative methods for control of citrus fruit diseases to avoid fungicide caused health and environmental problems, current research was conducted to explore the antifungal effectiveness of H2O2-Ag+ (Hydrogen peroxide stabilized with silver ions), which is a universally applicable and high effective disinfectant against pathogenic microorganisms, and has been used to control postharvest decay of fresh fruits in most developed countries, in the context of in vitro and in vivo P. digitatum and P. italicum development in the Newhall navel orange. H2O2-Ag+ was found to be effective in inhibiting in vitro radial growth and in vivo inoculated lesion development of Penicillum italicum and Penicillum digitatum. Dipping fruit with H2O2 at concentrations of 1-2% before storage reduced the decay incidence of orange after 30 and 60 days cold storage following by 3 days shelf life, although it was less effective than the positive control of fungicide Imazalil (500ppm). H2O2 provided a disinfectant effect on the pericarp, as indicated by significant reduction of total bacterial, mold and yeast counts. After cold storage and shelf-life, no significant difference was found among all treatments in the total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acid (TA), while higher vitamin C content was found in the Imazalil treated fruit. This research suggest that H2O2 can be an alternative to chemical fungicides that, although more effective, pose problems due to their residue levels and health concerns, especially for the organic fruit industry.
Abstract: Imazalil and Thiabendazole chemical based fungicides are currently used to control citrus green/blue molds, which is mainly caused by P. digitatum and P. italicum. In order to find alternative methods for control of citrus fruit diseases to avoid fungicide caused health and environmental problems, current research was conducted to explore the antif...
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Effect of Erosion on Agricultural Land in Agyana Community in Abaji, Abuja
Jibrin Ahmadu,
Daniel Habila Galadima,
Nkechi Blessing Chinedu,
Ogechukwu Franca Eze
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 5, September 2019
Pages:
120-128
Received:
13 August 2019
Accepted:
24 September 2019
Published:
16 October 2019
Abstract: This study has investigated the effect of erosion on agricultural land in Agyana community of Abaji Area Council in Abuja, Nigeria. In this task, the study was able to operationalize the independent and dependent variables and do a structured observation and perform reliability checks on the accuracy of the observations made. In determining the area of land affected by erosion in the study area, proper measurement of land affected was done with the use of measuring tape. The measuring tape that was used was calibrated in meters and in feet. In the course of this study, the measurement carried out was done in meters. The findings are clear manifestation that the objectives set and the relationship between soil erosion and human activities have held true. That erosion has significant relationship on human activities: This is because there is loss of soil more rapidly than it is formed through natural processes. This result in losses of soil organic matter, fertility and water holding capacity. The effect of soil erosion is on the increase despite remedial measures taken by farmers to control it. locally, problems associated with the persistent erosion in the affected areas result in declining standard of living as there is low yield per hectare.
Abstract: This study has investigated the effect of erosion on agricultural land in Agyana community of Abaji Area Council in Abuja, Nigeria. In this task, the study was able to operationalize the independent and dependent variables and do a structured observation and perform reliability checks on the accuracy of the observations made. In determining the are...
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