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Allelopathic Potential of Sunflower Extract on Weed Control and Wheat Yield Under Subtropical Conditions
Hasib Bin Saif,
Md. Nasimul Bari,
Md. Rafiqul Islam,
Md. Abiar Rahman
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, July 2016
Pages:
44-48
Received:
12 April 2016
Accepted:
3 June 2016
Published:
17 June 2016
Abstract: A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of sunflower plant extract on weed control and productivity of wheat. Dried and fresh sunflower plant extracts (SPE) were applied @ 5 t ha-1 and 10 t ha-1 at pre- and post-emergence of weeds in wheat plots. In addition, weed free, manual weeding and unweeded control treatments were also imposed in the experiment. Application of fresh SPE @ 10 t ha-1 at post-emergence contributed to the highest weed control efficiency, next to manual weed control treatment throughout the crop growing period. This treatment showed the highest weed control efficiency of 49.71% and 53.41% at 45 and 60 days after sowing, respectively. Application of fresh SPE @ 5 t ha-1 at post-emergence was found to be beneficial on the growth and development of wheat compared to other treatments. Apart from weed free and unweeded situations, the highest grain yield of 3.91 t ha-1 was recorded in the treatment receiving fresh SPE @ 5 t ha-1 applied at post-emergence. The study further suggested that the application of fresh sunflower plant extract @ 5 ha-1 during post-emergence might be considered as a viable alternative to traditional weed management practices under subtropical environment.
Abstract: A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of sunflower plant extract on weed control and productivity of wheat. Dried and fresh sunflower plant extracts (SPE) were applied @ 5 t ha-1 and 10 t ha-1 at pre- and post-emergence of weeds in wheat plots. In addition, weed free, manual weeding and unweeded control treatments were also impose...
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Rice Diversity Panel Mapping for Identifying Genetics Behind Leaf Vein Density Trait in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, July 2016
Pages:
49-55
Received:
14 May 2016
Accepted:
3 June 2016
Published:
20 June 2016
Abstract: A screen of rice genotypes was carried out on a total of 327 genotypes of the rice diversity panel for leaf vein density. Identifying locations of genes that impart to leaf vein density in a quantitative way should capable the using of these genes in plant breeding and accelerate producing C4 rice plant. Finding of genotypes of rice that have less distances between veins is still the challenge of the plant breeders. Screen was shown significant variations in leaf vein density. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for the leaf vein density trait were identified by using Efficient Mixed Model Analysis (EMMA). QTLs were considered reportable if they had P values (below 0.0001). The most significant Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) associations (EMMA 1.3, EMMA 1.8 and EMMA 10.1) were in each of the rice chromosomes 1 and 10 respectively. All genes positioned 200 kb around associations were selected. The candidacy of the most promising were NADP-dependent malic enzyme, chloroplast precursor (LOC_Os01g09320; ras-related protein, putative, expressed (LOC_Os01g51700); 60S acidic ribosomal protein (LOC_Os01g09510); Auxin-responsive Aux/IAA gene family member (LOC_Os01g09450; myb-related transcription activator, putative, expressed (LOC_Os01g09280); glycine-rich protein (LOC_Os01g09246); phosphofructokinase (LOC_Os01g09570); oxidoreductase, short chain dehydrogenase/reductase family (SDR) LOC_Os10g31780), which have been expressed in leaf tissue and requisite to be investigated further.
Abstract: A screen of rice genotypes was carried out on a total of 327 genotypes of the rice diversity panel for leaf vein density. Identifying locations of genes that impart to leaf vein density in a quantitative way should capable the using of these genes in plant breeding and accelerate producing C4 rice plant. Finding of genotypes of rice that have less ...
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Response of Cotton to Potassium Levels Under Water Regime
Saad Flaih Hassan,
Shadha Abdulhasan Ahmed,
Layla Ismail Mohammed,
Musaab Abdulelah Yasir
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, July 2016
Pages:
56-63
Received:
14 May 2016
Accepted:
3 June 2016
Published:
20 June 2016
Abstract: A field trial was conducted at Experimental Field of Field Crop Department of College of Agriculture-Abu-Graib during 2011 and 2012 seasons to investigate the effect of potassium level in growth, lint yield and its components of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivar Lashata was grown under abundance and deficit water conditions. Split plot arrangement with randomized complete block design was used with three replicates. Irrigation intervals occupied main plots (Irrigation weekly and each two weeks) while potassium levels (0, 220, 280, 340, 400 kg k2O5/ha) occupied subplots. The statistical analysis showed superiority of irrigation at two weeks of seed cotton yield (3.75 t/h), number of open bolls per plant (20.47), number of sympodium per plant (19.65 and 17.27), ginning percentage (37.47) and water use efficiency (0.38 kg/m3). There were significant effect of potassium in traits. The level 340 kg K2O5/ha was gave the highest seed cotton yield (3.87 t/ha) due to attained the highest number of open bolls (29.25 bolls per plant for first season and gave 3.71 t/ha at 280 kg K2O5/ha due to higher boll weight (3.57 g) for second season. It could be conclude irrigation at two weeks with apply 280 kg K2O5/ha hadk attained the highest seed cotton and ginning percentage to reduce water requirements of cotton in central region of Iraq.
Abstract: A field trial was conducted at Experimental Field of Field Crop Department of College of Agriculture-Abu-Graib during 2011 and 2012 seasons to investigate the effect of potassium level in growth, lint yield and its components of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivar Lashata was grown under abundance and deficit water conditions. Split plot arrang...
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Performance of Castor Bean Selects In Saline Sodic Soil
Ali Mohammed Oleiwi,
Medhat Mejeed Elsahookie,
Layla Ismail Mohammed
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, July 2016
Pages:
64-68
Received:
31 May 2016
Accepted:
6 June 2016
Published:
20 June 2016
Abstract: To determine the influence of selection on castor bean plants tolerance to saline sodic soil, three planting methods were used; in the bottom of furrow, at the side of furrow, and in rows of plots. The soil was saline sodic (pH > 8.4, SAR < 13, Ec < 4 dS/m), the cultivar of castor bean was Hindi 21. The experiments were conducted in 2010 and 2011 on the farm of Field Crops, Coll. of Agric., Univ. of Baghdad. At maturity, selected plants of those gave higher seed yield were harvested from each treatment. Selection pressure used on plant populations was 10%. In the second year, seeds from each of the three treatments with the control were planted on the same field with 53 and 89 thousand plants/ha. The design used was a factorial with RCBD of three replicates. The results revealed that selected plants from row planting out yielded the other three treatments in seed yield/plant, seed no./plant, seed weight and harvest index. The values were 61 g, 251 seeds, 0.25 g, and 9.9%, respectively. The lower planting density gave higher plant seed yield, seed no./plant and harvest index (55.6 g, 281 seeds, 8.0%). It was concluded that selection on individual plants from planting in rows was effective to create a new variation in castor bean tolerance to saline sodic soil. The higher percent of heritability was in total dry matter (98.9%), crop growth rate (98.4%), and plant seed yield (96.8%). That was indicating that genetic variance has the significant influence in phenotypic variance.
Abstract: To determine the influence of selection on castor bean plants tolerance to saline sodic soil, three planting methods were used; in the bottom of furrow, at the side of furrow, and in rows of plots. The soil was saline sodic (pH > 8.4, SAR < 13, Ec < 4 dS/m), the cultivar of castor bean was Hindi 21. The experiments were conducted in 2010 a...
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The Effect of Drought on Lignin Content and Digestibility of Tifton-85 and Coastal Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.) Hays Produced in Georgia
Uttam Saha,
Dennis Hancock,
Lawton Stewart,
David Kissel,
Leticia Sonon
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, July 2016
Pages:
69-74
Received:
2 March 2016
Accepted:
29 March 2016
Published:
5 July 2016
Abstract: Digestibility of “Tifton 85” Bermudagrass has been noted to be higher than most other Bermudagrass cultivars. However, the superior digestibility of Tifton-85 has not been verified based on samples from producers, nor is it known how water availability might affect this comparison. Recent past weather conditions in Georgia allowed this comparison. Much of Georgia was in severe drought in 2007 and 2008. In contrast, there was less/no drought in 2006 and 2009. In each of these years, producers submitted a substantial number of Tifton-85 and Coastal forage samples to our laboratory for lignin and “Digestible Neutral Detergent Fiber (dNDF48)” analyses. Over all years, Tifton-85 had lower lignin content than coastal. However, Tifton-85 had significantly lower lignin content only in drought free 2006 and 2009, whereas the lignin content of Coastal was unaffected by drought in 2007 and 2008. The lignin of Tifton-85 increased during these two drought years. Despite this, the dNDF48 for Tifton-85 was significantly higher than coastal in all four years, suggesting that drought had hardly any effect on the digestibility of Tifton-85. Apparently, the type of lignin in Tifton-85 is different from that in coastal. Higher dNDF48 for Tifton-85 has been attributed to its lower concentrations of ether-linked ferulic acid than in Coastal. Decreased ether bonding in lignin results in higher digestion.
Abstract: Digestibility of “Tifton 85” Bermudagrass has been noted to be higher than most other Bermudagrass cultivars. However, the superior digestibility of Tifton-85 has not been verified based on samples from producers, nor is it known how water availability might affect this comparison. Recent past weather conditions in Georgia allowed this comparison. ...
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