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Analyzing Irrigation Water Use Productivity and Irrigation Scheduling of Onion Farm Land in Serenta Irrigation Scheme, Northern Ethiopia
Gebre Gidey,
Azenaw Kalkay
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 5, September 2021
Pages:
213-218
Received:
6 August 2021
Accepted:
26 September 2021
Published:
5 October 2021
Abstract: Farmers in Serenta irrigation scheme have been irrigating their plots without considering the crop water requirement. This has resulted high loose of water and low water use productivity. This indicates that, the irrigation scheme needs scientific analyzing of water use productivity and irrigation scheduling to proper use of the water for more beneficial impacts. Therefore, the present study was conducted to analyze the water use productivity and irrigation scheduling in Serenta irrigation scheme, Northern Ethiopia. To evaluate the irrigation water use productivity, four farmers’ fields covered with single crop onion from each position (head, middle and tail-end) water users of the irrigation scheme were selected. To determine the amount of water applied by the irrigators to the fields, Parshall flumes were installed at the entrance of test plots and the total yields obtained from each of the selected fields were collected directly from the fields. The results from the water use productivity analysis revealed that, the average water use productivity was found to be 1.3 kg/m3, 1.8kg/m3 and 2.1 kg/m3 for the head, middle and tail-end users, respectively. The results indicated that, the tail-end users those who applied less water than the head and middle users, had the highest return per unit of water applied (2.1 kg/m3). This might be due to the application of irrigation water nearest to gross irrigation water requirement. From the present study, it can be concluded that more water application means not more production. So, water use productivity can be improved by minimizing water losses due to over irrigation and applying water according to crop water requirement.
Abstract: Farmers in Serenta irrigation scheme have been irrigating their plots without considering the crop water requirement. This has resulted high loose of water and low water use productivity. This indicates that, the irrigation scheme needs scientific analyzing of water use productivity and irrigation scheduling to proper use of the water for more bene...
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Estimation of Nitrogen Content and Marketable Yield Using Chlorophyll Readings
Xiaoyan Pan,
Hongxia Cao,
Jiankai Zhang,
Zijian He,
Bingjie Du
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 5, September 2021
Pages:
219-231
Received:
10 September 2021
Accepted:
26 September 2021
Published:
12 October 2021
Abstract: Accurate estimation of nitrogen content and yield is crucial and these can be predicted through chlorophyll readings as indicators. To explore the diagnosis model, a field experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at Yang ling, northwest China. The SPAD values results estimated the nitrogen status, total marketable yield, and rates of reduction in market yield. There was a positive correlation between SPAD value at the middle leaf (MD-SPAD) and nitrogen accumulation, and between SPAD value under the leaf (UD-SPAD) and nitrogen accumulation (R2=0.37-0.78, P<0.01, n=27). The MD-SPAD and UD-SPAD were positively correlated with total marketable yield during the growth period (R2=0.43-0.59, P<0.01, n=27). However, a poor correlation was observed at the upper leaf (UP-SPAD) in the expanding fruit period but was better in the mature period. Moreover, the nitrogen nutrition index (NNI) and MD-SPAD were positively correlated (R2=0.42-0.55, P<0.01, n=54). There SPAD values and reduction rates of ranks were positively correlated in marketable yield (R2=0.48-0.52, P<0.01, n=54), including middle fruit yield (MFY) and big fruit yield (BFY). This was similar between SPAD values and reduction rates of total marketable yield (R2=50, P<0.01, n=54). This indicated that nitrogen accumulation estimates including nitrogen accumulation in stem, leaf, fruit, and the overall nitrogen accumulation, as well as total marketable yield, is not accurate via UP-SPAD during fruit expanding period but it is opposite in mature period. When simultaneously considering estimation of nitrogen accumulation, NNI and marketable yield using chlorophyll readings, which were adopted by mean of SPAD values the different leaf positions or SPAD values at the middle leaf. On the other hand, UP-SPAD should be cautiously used to estimate nitrogen status, yield, and yield reduction rates. The overall marketable yield was optimal under W2 of 2488 m3hm-2 and N2 of 300 kghm-2. The reduction rates during middle fruit yield, big fruit yield, and total marketable yield ranged from 31%-38%. The big fruit yield was the highest, indicating that the big fruit yield is highly affected by severe water stress in the blossom and fruit period.
Abstract: Accurate estimation of nitrogen content and yield is crucial and these can be predicted through chlorophyll readings as indicators. To explore the diagnosis model, a field experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at Yang ling, northwest China. The SPAD values results estimated the nitrogen status, total marketable yield, and rates of reduction in m...
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Migratory Dynamics of Bozo Fishermen on the Rivers of Ivory Coast: The Case of the Bandama River
Kien Kouassi Brahiman,
Ndiaye Awa,
Boguhe Gnonleba Franck Dit Hervis
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 5, September 2021
Pages:
232-236
Received:
15 September 2021
Accepted:
11 October 2021
Published:
30 October 2021
Abstract: The mastery of the management of fishery resources and their exploitation strategies on a spatio-temporal scale concerns both scientists and those responsible for the development of the fishing sector. Indeed, the permanent migration of actors prevents better control of the workforce, it does not facilitate the development of an effective management plan for this sector of activity. The present study aims to characterize the spatial and economic movements of Bozo fishermen on the Bandama River. Data was collected from December 2019 to November 2020 from questionnaires and interviews sent to fishermen and direct observation in the field. Analysis of the data showed multiple factors favoring the migratory dynamics of Bozo fishermen. These are the fishing tradition, the strong capitalization of the profession and the exchange of information thanks to the advent of the cell phone. Migration is characterized by daily mobility (1 to 24 h); seasonal mobility (1 to 3 months) and annual mobility (at least 1 year). The consequences of this behavior have resulted in a drop in production, an increase in the purchase price of fish for consumers and a difficult control of the number of fishermen for better management of the sector. This study showed that Bozo fishermen favor spatial mobility in their quest for fishery resources. This strategy gives rise to daily mobility and micro-trips depending on the time spent away from the usual localities. This behavior could lead to the depletion of fishery resources. Thus, vigorous measures must be taken to better control this movement with a view to the sustainable management of this resource.
Abstract: The mastery of the management of fishery resources and their exploitation strategies on a spatio-temporal scale concerns both scientists and those responsible for the development of the fishing sector. Indeed, the permanent migration of actors prevents better control of the workforce, it does not facilitate the development of an effective managemen...
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The Effect of Nano Fertilizer on Teff Yield and Yield Components in Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 5, September 2021
Pages:
237-241
Received:
7 September 2021
Accepted:
5 October 2021
Published:
30 October 2021
Abstract: Nano technology increases the nutrient use efficiency. The experiment to test nano fertilizers on tef was conducted at the teff crop producing areas of Adet, Meray, and Meshenti areas. A total of sixteen fertilizer combinations of urea, DAP (Di Amonium phosphate) and Nano fertilizers including without fertilizer and without nano checks were tested on 2m X 1.5m plot size. The materials were planted in RCBD (Randomized Complete Block Design) with three replications. Spacing between replications and plots were 1 meter and 0.5 meter respectively. The seed and fertilizer rates were used as per recommendation rate per hectare bases. The nano fertilizer was tested as early as seed dressing and field spray during tillering stage. The performances of nano fertilizer over all locations have shown consistence results at all locations. Analysis of variance showed that there is a significant difference between the treatments for all parameters including grain yield. The highest grain yield (38 Q/ha) was recorded at the treatment combination of 2gm/ha nano seed dressing, 39g DAP and 10.8g urea. And the least grain yield (2.5 Q/ha) was recorded at treatment combination of no nano and no fertilizer treatments. Here all nano treatment combinations without DAP and urea fertilizers gave grain yield less than 7Q/ha. Which implies that Nano fertilizers cannot act solely without DAP and Urea. The least maturity date (119 dates) and the highest plant height (132.4 cm) was also recorded at a treatment combination of 2gm/ha nano seed dressing, 39g DAP and 10.8g urea. This implies that the crop at these treatments was vigor and was able to mature early.
Abstract: Nano technology increases the nutrient use efficiency. The experiment to test nano fertilizers on tef was conducted at the teff crop producing areas of Adet, Meray, and Meshenti areas. A total of sixteen fertilizer combinations of urea, DAP (Di Amonium phosphate) and Nano fertilizers including without fertilizer and without nano checks were tested ...
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Evaluation of Sex Fixer (Aulprofem®) in Indigenous Arsi Cattle Reared at Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, Oromia, Ethiopia
Alemayehu Arega,
Sandip Banerjee,
Solomon Gizaw
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 5, September 2021
Pages:
242-246
Received:
22 September 2021
Accepted:
20 October 2021
Published:
30 October 2021
Abstract: Evaluation of Aulprofem® (sex fixer) in Arsi cattle to produce female progenies was done on some selected cattle at Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center. The results of the Aulprofem® indicated that there was indeed a change in the sex ratio of calves 39.5:60.5 (male/female) whereas among the non-administered group the corresponding ratio was 65.1:34.9. The result also indicated that the effect of sire and breeding season influenced the sex ratio of the calves born whereas parity had no effect on the same. Therefore, it can be concluded from the results that the usage of Aulprofem® can be used as one option in altering the sex ratio of dairy cattle whereby increasing number of female animals for dairy sector and increase more milk production initiated but under strict control of the livestock experts.
Abstract: Evaluation of Aulprofem® (sex fixer) in Arsi cattle to produce female progenies was done on some selected cattle at Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center. The results of the Aulprofem® indicated that there was indeed a change in the sex ratio of calves 39.5:60.5 (male/female) whereas among the non-administered group the corresponding ratio was 65...
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The Effect of Application of Vermicompost and NPS Fertilizer on Selected Soil Properties and Yield of Maize (Zea May L.) at Toke Kutaye, Ethiopia
Tolera Emamu,
Tesfaye Wakgari
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 5, September 2021
Pages:
247-257
Received:
25 August 2021
Accepted:
28 September 2021
Published:
30 October 2021
Abstract: Low soil fertility and nutrient unavailability due to loss of soil organic matter content and low fertilizer input are among the major maize crop production constraints in Ethiopia, particularly, in Toke kutaye Woreda. An integrated use of vermicompost and NPS fertilizers are indispensible to improve this condition of soil. Cognizant of this fact, a study was conducted in 2019/2020 to assess the effect of combined use of vermicompost and NPS fertilizer on soil physicochemical properties and yield of maize. In order to achieve this objective field experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design and replicated three times. The treatments consist of different combinations of vermicompost and NPS fertilizer rates. The results of the study showed that all the treatments applied were improved soil moisture and total porosity over control or NPS fertilizer alone, while, bulk density was decreased below the control due to the different rates of organic amendments. The higher pH value of vermicompost caused relative increase in soil pH over the control. It was observed that the application of vermicompost along with NPS fertilizers increased the contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available sulfur, exchangeable potassium over the control. Moreover, increasing doses of amendments applied to soil increased grain yield, than that of control treatment, sole use of vermicompost and NPS fertilizer, and low rate application. It can be concluded that the application of vermicompost along with NPS fertilizers were improved organic matter and nutrient contents of the soils which in turn increased crop yields. Hence, in order to maintain soil fertility and sustain maize crop production, farmers of the study area and similar agro ecologies are advised to make integrated use of vermicompost at (5 t ha-1) and NPS inorganic fertilizer at (50 kg ha-1) tentatively. Nevertheless, to develop a concrete recommendation further research studies are needed over long seasons, soil types and crop varieties.
Abstract: Low soil fertility and nutrient unavailability due to loss of soil organic matter content and low fertilizer input are among the major maize crop production constraints in Ethiopia, particularly, in Toke kutaye Woreda. An integrated use of vermicompost and NPS fertilizers are indispensible to improve this condition of soil. Cognizant of this fact, ...
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