Crop Physiology and Productivity: The Iraqi Experience

Khudhair Abbas Jaddoa

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijaas.20150103.15

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Crop Physiology and Productivity: The Iraqi Experience

Khudhair Abbas Jaddoa

Published in International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences (Volume 1, Issue 3)

Received: 6 July 2015 Accepted: 31 July 2015 Published: 1 August 2015

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Abstract

Understanding crop physiology provides us with an exciting information and knowledge for better crop management towards increasing productivity. Based on this fact, many physiological aspects of cereal crops (wheat, rice, sorghum and barley) have been studied during the last two decades in Iraq with interesting achievements. These aspects included : physiological aspects of tillering in wheat and its relationship to the crop management and grain yield, seed priming of rice and sorghum for better seed germination and field establishment, accurate timing of agrochemicals application (e.g. nitrogen fertilizer and plant growth regulators) based on certain critical growth stages to increase grain yield of wheat and barley, and proposed strategies for saving water in rice cultivation among them growing rice successfully, under sprinkler irrigation for saving water and increasing water use efficiency (WUE). The objective of these four case studies was to improve the cereals management and, hence, increasing their grain yield via physiological approaches. Considerable increases in the grain yield of these cereals crops have been achieved via the combination of crop physiology and crop management. Full details of the methodologies and achievements will be presented for each case study. In conclusion, this approach, may represents a good and effective strategy to increase crop productivity and saving water

Published in	International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences (Volume 1, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijaas.20150103.15
Page(s)	74-78
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Crop Physiology, Crop Productivity, Crop Management, Seed Priming, Water Use Efficiency

References

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[2]	Al-Hassan, M.F.H. 2011. Understanding of Tillering in Different Wheat Cultivars As Influenced By Seeding Rate and Nitrogen Levels and Its Relationship to Grain Yield and Its Components. Ph. D. Thesis, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad (In Arabic).
[3]	Alireza EIVAZI. 2012. Induction of drought tolerance with seed priming in wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.). Acta agriculturae Slovenica, 99 -1, 21-29.
[4]	Al-Mashhadani, A.S.A. 2003. Effect of Irrigation Method and Nitrogen Fertilization On Growth and Yield of Rice (Oryza sativa L.). M.Sc. Thesis, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad (In Arabic).
[5]	Al-Selawy, R.L.A. 2011. Response of Growth and Yield of Some Rice Cultivars to the Seed Enhancement. Ph. D. Thesis, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad (In Arabic).
[6]	Baqir, H.A.R. 2011. Relationship between Sowing Depth, Coleoptile Length, Field Emergence and Yield of Six wheat Cultivars. M.Sc. Thesis, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad (In Arabic).
[7]	Bradford, K.J. 1986. Manipulation of seed water relation via osmotic priming to improve germination under stress conditions. Hort. Sci. 21, 1105-1112.
[8]	Bray C.M., P.A. Davision, M. Ashraf, and R.M. Taylor. 1989. Biochemical changes during osmopriming of leak seeds. Ann. Bot. 6, 185-193.
[9]	Brockehurst, P.A., and J. Dearman. 2008. Interaction between seed priming treatments and nine seed lots of carrot, celery and onion 11. Seedling emergence and plant growth. Ann. Appl. Biol. 102, 583-593.
[10]	Brocklehurst, P.A., J. Dearman, and R.L.K. Drew. 1984. Effect of osmotic priming on seed germination and seedling growth in leak. Sci. Hort., 24: 201-210.
[11]	Cheyad, S.H. 2008. Effect of Gibberellic Acid on Viability and Seed Vigour of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) Meonch) Resulted From Different Plant Population. M.Sc. Thesis, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad (In Arabic).
[12]	Farooq, M., M. Irfan, T. Aziz, L. Ahmad and S.A. Cheema. 2013. Seed Priming with Ascorbic Acid Improves Drought Resistance of Wheat. J. Agron. And Crop Sci. 199, 12-22.
[13]	Farooq, M., S.M.A. Basra, A. Wahid, A. Khaliq and N. Kobayashi. 2009. Rice seed invigoration: A review. In E. Lighthouse, ed. Organic Farming, Pest Control and Remediation of soil pollutants, pp. 137-175. Springer, the Netherlands.
[14]	Farooq, M., S.M.A. Basra, M. Khalid, R. Tabassum, and T. Mehmood. 2006. Nutrient homeostasis, metabolism of reserves and seedling vigor as affected by seed priming in coarse rice. Can. J. Bot. 84, 1196-1202.
[15]	IRRI. 1994 – 1995. Water: A looming Crisis. IRRI. International Rice Research Institute. Philippines.
[16]	Jaddoa, K.A. 1997. Accurate Timing of Nitrogen Can Increase Barley Grain Yield. Haddad, Nasri, Richard Tutwiler and Euan Thomson (eds.). Improvement of Crop – livestock integration systems in West Asia and North Africa. Proceedings of the Regional Symposium On Integrated Crop – Livestock Systems In the Dry Areas of West Asia and North Africa, 6-8 November 1995, Amman, Jordan, ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria xi + 572 + 40 pp.
[17]	Kaya, M.D., G. Okcub; M. Ataka, Y. Cikihe, and O. Kolsaricia. 2006. Seed treatments to overcome salt and drought stress during germination in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Eur. J. Agron. 24, 291-295.
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[20]	Salih, R.O., K.A. Jaddoa, K.A. Hamed and G.H. Tawfeek. 2007. The Influence of Sprinkler Irrigation On Growth and Productivity of Three Varieties of Rice. Iraqi J. Agric. (special issue), Vol. 12, No. 3.
[21]	Salih, R.O., K.A. Jaddoa, K.A. Hamed. 1999. Water use efficiency under intermittent irrigation for rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Iraq. International conference on water resources management, use and policy in dry areas. 1-3 December 1999. Amman, Jordan.

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Khudhair Abbas Jaddoa. (2015). Crop Physiology and Productivity: The Iraqi Experience. International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences, 1(3), 74-78. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20150103.15

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Khudhair Abbas Jaddoa. Crop Physiology and Productivity: The Iraqi Experience. Int. J. Appl. Agric. Sci. 2015, 1(3), 74-78. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaas.20150103.15

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Khudhair Abbas Jaddoa. Crop Physiology and Productivity: The Iraqi Experience. Int J Appl Agric Sci. 2015;1(3):74-78. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaas.20150103.15

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@article{10.11648/j.ijaas.20150103.15,
  author = {Khudhair Abbas Jaddoa},
  title = {Crop Physiology and Productivity: The Iraqi Experience},
  journal = {International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences},
  volume = {1},
  number = {3},
  pages = {74-78},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijaas.20150103.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20150103.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijaas.20150103.15},
  abstract = {Understanding crop physiology provides us with an exciting information and knowledge for better crop management towards increasing productivity. Based on this fact, many physiological aspects of cereal crops (wheat, rice, sorghum and barley) have been studied during the last two decades in Iraq with interesting achievements. These aspects included : physiological aspects of tillering in wheat and its relationship to the crop management and grain yield, seed priming of rice and sorghum for better seed germination and field establishment, accurate timing of agrochemicals application (e.g. nitrogen fertilizer and plant growth regulators) based on certain critical growth stages to increase grain yield of wheat and barley, and proposed strategies for saving water in rice cultivation among them growing rice successfully, under sprinkler irrigation for saving water and increasing water use efficiency (WUE). The objective of these four case studies was to improve the cereals management and, hence, increasing their grain yield via physiological approaches. Considerable increases in the grain yield of these cereals crops have been achieved via the combination of crop physiology and crop management. Full details of the methodologies and achievements will be presented for each case study. In conclusion, this approach, may represents a good and effective strategy to increase crop productivity and saving water},
 year = {2015}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Crop Physiology and Productivity: The Iraqi Experience
AU  - Khudhair Abbas Jaddoa
Y1  - 2015/08/01
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20150103.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijaas.20150103.15
T2  - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences
JF  - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences
JO  - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences
SP  - 74
EP  - 78
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2469-7885
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20150103.15
AB  - Understanding crop physiology provides us with an exciting information and knowledge for better crop management towards increasing productivity. Based on this fact, many physiological aspects of cereal crops (wheat, rice, sorghum and barley) have been studied during the last two decades in Iraq with interesting achievements. These aspects included : physiological aspects of tillering in wheat and its relationship to the crop management and grain yield, seed priming of rice and sorghum for better seed germination and field establishment, accurate timing of agrochemicals application (e.g. nitrogen fertilizer and plant growth regulators) based on certain critical growth stages to increase grain yield of wheat and barley, and proposed strategies for saving water in rice cultivation among them growing rice successfully, under sprinkler irrigation for saving water and increasing water use efficiency (WUE). The objective of these four case studies was to improve the cereals management and, hence, increasing their grain yield via physiological approaches. Considerable increases in the grain yield of these cereals crops have been achieved via the combination of crop physiology and crop management. Full details of the methodologies and achievements will be presented for each case study. In conclusion, this approach, may represents a good and effective strategy to increase crop productivity and saving water
VL  - 1
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Khudhair Abbas Jaddoa

College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq

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APA Style

Khudhair Abbas Jaddoa. (2015). Crop Physiology and Productivity: The Iraqi Experience. International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences, 1(3), 74-78. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20150103.15

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ACS Style

Khudhair Abbas Jaddoa. Crop Physiology and Productivity: The Iraqi Experience. Int. J. Appl. Agric. Sci. 2015, 1(3), 74-78. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaas.20150103.15

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AMA Style

Khudhair Abbas Jaddoa. Crop Physiology and Productivity: The Iraqi Experience. Int J Appl Agric Sci. 2015;1(3):74-78. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaas.20150103.15

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijaas.20150103.15,
  author = {Khudhair Abbas Jaddoa},
  title = {Crop Physiology and Productivity: The Iraqi Experience},
  journal = {International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences},
  volume = {1},
  number = {3},
  pages = {74-78},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijaas.20150103.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20150103.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijaas.20150103.15},
  abstract = {Understanding crop physiology provides us with an exciting information and knowledge for better crop management towards increasing productivity. Based on this fact, many physiological aspects of cereal crops (wheat, rice, sorghum and barley) have been studied during the last two decades in Iraq with interesting achievements. These aspects included : physiological aspects of tillering in wheat and its relationship to the crop management and grain yield, seed priming of rice and sorghum for better seed germination and field establishment, accurate timing of agrochemicals application (e.g. nitrogen fertilizer and plant growth regulators) based on certain critical growth stages to increase grain yield of wheat and barley, and proposed strategies for saving water in rice cultivation among them growing rice successfully, under sprinkler irrigation for saving water and increasing water use efficiency (WUE). The objective of these four case studies was to improve the cereals management and, hence, increasing their grain yield via physiological approaches. Considerable increases in the grain yield of these cereals crops have been achieved via the combination of crop physiology and crop management. Full details of the methodologies and achievements will be presented for each case study. In conclusion, this approach, may represents a good and effective strategy to increase crop productivity and saving water},
 year = {2015}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Crop Physiology and Productivity: The Iraqi Experience
AU  - Khudhair Abbas Jaddoa
Y1  - 2015/08/01
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20150103.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijaas.20150103.15
T2  - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences
JF  - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences
JO  - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences
SP  - 74
EP  - 78
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2469-7885
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20150103.15
AB  - Understanding crop physiology provides us with an exciting information and knowledge for better crop management towards increasing productivity. Based on this fact, many physiological aspects of cereal crops (wheat, rice, sorghum and barley) have been studied during the last two decades in Iraq with interesting achievements. These aspects included : physiological aspects of tillering in wheat and its relationship to the crop management and grain yield, seed priming of rice and sorghum for better seed germination and field establishment, accurate timing of agrochemicals application (e.g. nitrogen fertilizer and plant growth regulators) based on certain critical growth stages to increase grain yield of wheat and barley, and proposed strategies for saving water in rice cultivation among them growing rice successfully, under sprinkler irrigation for saving water and increasing water use efficiency (WUE). The objective of these four case studies was to improve the cereals management and, hence, increasing their grain yield via physiological approaches. Considerable increases in the grain yield of these cereals crops have been achieved via the combination of crop physiology and crop management. Full details of the methodologies and achievements will be presented for each case study. In conclusion, this approach, may represents a good and effective strategy to increase crop productivity and saving water
VL  - 1
IS  - 3
ER  -

Copy | Download