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Determinants and Impacts of Livelihood Choice Strategies on Farm Households’ Food Security Status in North Shewa Zone Oromia, Ethiopia
Gari Duguma,
Fekedu Beyene,
Mengistu Ketema,
Kedir Jemal
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, May 2023
Pages:
61-73
Received:
21 February 2023
Accepted:
26 April 2023
Published:
10 May 2023
Abstract: Livelihoods diversification strategies are one means of meeting the overgrowing world population’s food demand. This study identified household-level determinants of livelihood diversification strategies and its impact on food security status in North Shewa, Oromia, Ethiopia. Both primary and secondary data about the 2021/22 production year were collected for this study. Primary data was collected from 400 smallholder farmers that were collected using a simple random sampling technique. Descriptive statistics and econometric models were used for data analysis. Looking into the estimated coefficients, the results indicate that livelihood strategy is significantly influenced by fourteen explanatory variables. Agro ecology, sex, family size, farm size, economic active member, training, credit access, livestock holding, education level, experience in farming, irrigation experience, media, distance from the market were significant variables that affect the household livelihood strategy status. Impact evaluation estimated result indicated that participation of farming with non-farming livelihood diversification strategies increases farm household food security status by 25% while, participation in farming with off farming and farming with both non-farming and off farming livelihood diversification strategies increases households' food security status by 43 and 37% respectively over non-diversified households at a 1% probability level. This study indicated that there is room to improve rural households’ level of food security status using more of the aforementioned socio-economic variables. Therefore, policymakers should give due emphasis to the identified variables and improve the livelihoods of rural households.
Abstract: Livelihoods diversification strategies are one means of meeting the overgrowing world population’s food demand. This study identified household-level determinants of livelihood diversification strategies and its impact on food security status in North Shewa, Oromia, Ethiopia. Both primary and secondary data about the 2021/22 production year were co...
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First Report of Bismarck Palm Anthracnose Caused by Colletotrichum siamense in China
Qinghua Tang,
Weiwei Song,
Fengyu Yu,
Xiuli Meng,
Zhaowei Lin
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, May 2023
Pages:
74-78
Received:
27 March 2023
Accepted:
6 May 2023
Published:
10 May 2023
Abstract: Bismarck palm (Bismarckia nobilis Hildebr. & H. Wendl.) is one of the most sought after palms. A severe disease of Bismarck palm was discovered in Wenchang, Hainan Province, China, in July 2010. The main symptoms were russet to gray-white lesions at the tip of leaflets, and the irregular-shaped lesions surrounded by reddish to brown halos. The lesions gradually extended to base of the compound leaf, and entire infected leaves dried up at the advanced stage. A fungus was consistently obtained on the potato dextrose agar medium and the colonies were grayish white, cottony aerial mycelia, with peach to orange conidial masses. The conidia were hyaline, one-celled, and cylindrical with obtuse to slightly rounded ends. A multi-locus approach was utilized to identify the casual pathogen. Molecular phylogenetic trees were constructed using six combined loci, and strain BWZ2 clustered with the ex-type strains of C. siamense (CBS 112983) in the maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree. The pathogenicity test indicated that typical gray-white lesions surrounded by brown halos were observed on all the inoculated leaflets at 7 days post inoculation. On the basis of the biological characteristics, pathogenicity, and analyses of the concatenated sequences of the ACT, CHS1, GAPDH, HIS, ITS, and TUB2 genes, the causal agent was identified as Colletotrichum siamense Prihastuti, L. Cai & K. D. Hyde. This is the first report of Bismarck palm anthracnose caused by C. siamense.
Abstract: Bismarck palm (Bismarckia nobilis Hildebr. & H. Wendl.) is one of the most sought after palms. A severe disease of Bismarck palm was discovered in Wenchang, Hainan Province, China, in July 2010. The main symptoms were russet to gray-white lesions at the tip of leaflets, and the irregular-shaped lesions surrounded by reddish to brown halos. The lesi...
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Determination of Optimal Irrigation Using Soil Moisture Depletion on Yield and Water Productivity of Onion at Odo Shakiso District, Southern Ethiopia
Tesfaye Gragn,
Obsa Welde,
Alemayehu Mamo
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, May 2023
Pages:
79-85
Received:
9 February 2023
Accepted:
16 May 2023
Published:
29 May 2023
Abstract: Irrigation scheduling is the use of water management strategies to prevent over-application of water while minimizing yield losses due to water scarcity or drought stress. The experiment was conducted in Odo Shakiso district at a farm during the 2020/21 and 2021/22 irrigation seasons with the aim of determining the optimal irrigation schedule for yield, yield component and water productivity of onions based on the available soil moisture depletion levels. The experiment was performed in RCBD with three replicates randomly assigned to experimental plots with treatments. Five available soil moisture depletion levels (20% ASMDL, 40% ASMDL, 60% ASMDL, 80% ASMDL and FAO recommended ASMDL) were used for treatment. Results from two years of research showed that different levels of available soil moisture had a significant impact (P<0.05) on bulb diameter, bulb weight, unmarketable onion yield, marketable onion yield, and water productivity. However, different soil moisture depletion did not show a significant difference in plant height. The highest onion diameter (4.25 cm) and marketable onion yield (363.9 qt/ha) was recorded at 60% ASMDL. The highest water use efficiency at marketable onion yield (9.487 kg/m3) was also achieved at 60% ASMDL, which was statistically comparable to the FAO-recommended ASMDL treatment. On the other hand, the minimum water use efficiency (6.234 kg/m3) was recorded at 40 percent ASMDL. Therefore, based on the results of the current experiment, it is recommended to use 60% ASMDL under a furrow irrigation system for onion cultivation in areas around Shakiso and similar agro ecologies as it is the best option to increase yield and water use efficiency for onion production.
Abstract: Irrigation scheduling is the use of water management strategies to prevent over-application of water while minimizing yield losses due to water scarcity or drought stress. The experiment was conducted in Odo Shakiso district at a farm during the 2020/21 and 2021/22 irrigation seasons with the aim of determining the optimal irrigation schedule for y...
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Modelling of the Factors Creating the Yield Gap of Wheat in the Shushtar Area
Iman Ahmadi,
Mohmmad Hossein Gharineh,
Alireza Abdali Mashhadi
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, May 2023
Pages:
86-91
Received:
16 May 2023
Accepted:
9 June 2023
Published:
21 June 2023
Abstract: One of the main problems in crop production in our country is the huge gap between farmers' actual yields and potential yields. Inappropriate management, in many situations, yields a significant difference that can be accounted for. Studies have shown that the first step in reducing the performance gap is to identify the performance constraints in a particular area. Understanding performance constraints can help us reduce performance gaps. Reducing the yield gaps not only helps to increase yield and production but also improves the use of land and labor, reduces production costs, and increases performance stability. This study was conducted in 2017 in the Shushtar area to estimate the potential and yield gap performance of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plant, as well as the factors limiting the yield and the contribution of each of these factors to the creating yield gap, based on the information and the yield gap collected through a questionnaire and collecting data from the fields of Shushtar area using the method of analysis Functional Comparison (CPA) was reviewed. The real mean of the yield from fields in the Shushtar area was about 3880.38 kg ha-1 and the potential yield of farms was about 9092.78 kg ha-1 the difference between them was 5212.43 kg ha-1. In addition, the results showed that the factors causing the yield gap were important in order of importance including nitrogen percentage of soil (27.09%), soil acidity (25.57%), drainage and flooding (17.93%), soil salinity (11.73%), weed density (9.38%) and nitrogen stem content before flowering (8.30%) On the yield gap the effect on the fields was affected.
Abstract: One of the main problems in crop production in our country is the huge gap between farmers' actual yields and potential yields. Inappropriate management, in many situations, yields a significant difference that can be accounted for. Studies have shown that the first step in reducing the performance gap is to identify the performance constraints in ...
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