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Relationship Between Estrogen Receptor Co-regulators and Histological Grade in Estrogen-Dependent Invasive Breast Cancer
Berti Nelwan,
Ilhamjaya Pattelongi,
Muhammad Nasrum Massi,
Tjakra Manuaba,
Cahyono Kaelan,
Suryani As’ad,
Johanna Kandouw,
Syarifuddin Wahid,
Mochammad Hatta
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, May 2016
Pages:
34-42
Received:
18 January 2016
Accepted:
9 February 2016
Published:
1 April 2016
Abstract: The study aims to assess the relationship between level expression co-regulators of estrogen receptor (SRC1, CBP/p300, NCoR, SMRT) in estrogen-dependent invasive breast cancer with histological grade. The other aims of study to evaluate the interaction between p53, Ki-67, Her-2/Neu expression and co-regulators with the histological grade. Analysis of these relationships will result in deeper understanding on the molecular basis of breast cancer incidence which can be associated with prognosis and prediction of the disease and evaluation of the targeted therapy in breast cancer. The co-regulators and p53, Ki-67, Her-2/Neu were examined using immuno-histochemical technique toward paraffin block of 85 patients with estrogen receptor (ER) α positive. Relationships between these targets and histological grade were analyzed. We observed that SRC1 was associated with a high degree of malignancy and NCoR had a significant correlation with a low degree of malignancy. Interaction of SRC1 and NCoR with p53, Ki-67 and Her-2/Neu is significantly associated with the high degree of malignancy. This study provided evidence that SRC1 and NCoR were the independent prognostic factors. SRC1 was associated with the high grade malignancy (poor differentiation and in the other hand, the NCoR was associated with well differentiation histopathology. High expression of p53, Ki-67 and Her2/Neu which interact with SRC1 and NCoR were associated with a high degree malignancy.
Abstract: The study aims to assess the relationship between level expression co-regulators of estrogen receptor (SRC1, CBP/p300, NCoR, SMRT) in estrogen-dependent invasive breast cancer with histological grade. The other aims of study to evaluate the interaction between p53, Ki-67, Her-2/Neu expression and co-regulators with the histological grade. Analysis ...
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In vivo Efficacy of Ethanolic Extract of Cassia nigricans (Vahl) Against Gastro-Intestinal Nematodes (GIN) of Goats in West Nile Region, Uganda
Peter Oba,
Denis Asizua,
Godwin Komuntaro,
Nasser Kasozi,
Moses Kalenzi,
Michael Apamaku,
John Kateregga,
James Okwee-Acai,
Jimmy G. Ndukui,
William Kabasa,
Katali K. Benda
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, May 2016
Pages:
43-49
Received:
28 March 2016
Accepted:
11 April 2016
Published:
27 April 2016
Abstract: Several plants are used by farmers for the treatment of gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) in goats. However, their phytochemical properties, efficacy and safety is largely unknown. A trial was therefore designed to determine in vivo efficacy of ethanolic extract of Cassia nigricans against gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) in goats. Cassia nigricans leaves were collected from Arua District, Uganda. Ethanolic extraction method was to prepare extracts and the experimental goats were dosed accordingly. Treatments were assigned to five (5) groups of goats (n=9) as follows: Group A, the negative control (30ml of distilled water; group B, the positive control (Albendazole 10%, 8mg/kg). Groups C, D and E received extracts at 50, 100 and 150mg/kg, respectively. Live weights (LWs kg), faecal samples (for faecal egg count reduction (FECR) based on eggs per gram (EPGs) of faeces, packed cell volume (PCV %), total protein (TP g/dL), body condition scores (1-5) and Faffa Malan Chart (FAMACHA scores 1-5) were taken on day 1 of the experiment and subsequently at 7-day intervals for 4 weeks. Results revealed that a significant increase in LWs by 2nd week was observed in goats treated with Albendazole from 20.8 ± 1.9 to 21.9 ± 1.8 (p ≤ 0.05). No change in LWs and in TP was observed in all other groups (p ≥ 0.05). Only Albendazole treated group exhibited a significant increase of PCV in the 2nd week (p ≤ 0.05). EPGs were observed to significantly drop in those treated with Albendazole by the 2nd week from 300 ± 91 to 0 ± 0 and extract at 150 mg/kg dose from 740 ± 236 to 60 ± 25 (p ≤ 0.05). The FECR for Albendazole, 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg doses of the extract were found to be 100%, 37.3%, 66.6% and 83.8% respectively. Only at 150 mg/kg dose did the extract show moderate efficacy in reducing mixed Strongyle spp faecal egg counts in goats. Strongyles spp. were the most predominant genera of nematodes found in goats. Further evaluations of leaf extracts and other plant parts is necessary to establish its potential as a source of local effective remedy against gastro-intestinal nematodes in goats.
Abstract: Several plants are used by farmers for the treatment of gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) in goats. However, their phytochemical properties, efficacy and safety is largely unknown. A trial was therefore designed to determine in vivo efficacy of ethanolic extract of Cassia nigricans against gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) in goats. Cassia nigricans ...
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Inducible-Clindamycin Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus Isolates in Rivers State, Nigeria
Easter Godwin Nwokah,
Samuel Douglas Abbey
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, May 2016
Pages:
50-55
Received:
20 March 2016
Accepted:
30 March 2016
Published:
11 May 2016
Abstract: Clindamycin is indicated in the treatment of skin and soft-tissue infections caused by Staphylococcal species. Treatment of an infection caused by a strain carrying inducible erm gene using clindamycin or any non-inducer macrolide can lead to clinical failure. The present study was aimed to detect inducible-clindamycin resistance (MLSBi) among S. aureus isolates in Port Harcourt, Nigeriaand to study the relationship between clindamycin and methicillin-resistant (MRSA).Two hundred and five (205) non-duplicate Staphylococcus aureus previously isolated from human sources were randomly collected from three health facilities- University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Braithwaite Memorial Specialist Hospital and De-Integrated Laboratories-all located in Port Harcourt, Nigeria, for this study from August, 2012 to July, 2013. Isolates were grouped as hospital in-patient (termed hospital- acquired – Nosocomial; n = 76) and out- patient cases (community-acquired; n = 129) Staphylococcus aureus . The isolates collected were reconfirmed following standard laboratory protocols. All confirmed isolates were stored in glycerol at +4°C (later sub-cultured for various phenotypic analyses). Using the disk diffusion method, detection of MRSA was carried out with 1μg of oxacillin (OXOID) placed on Mueller-Hinton agar with 4% NaCl supplementation).Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using Erythromycin (15μg) and Clindamycin (2μg) both obtained from OXOID, UK. All clindamycin-sensitive isolates that were also erythromycin-resistant were subjected to D-Test phenotype (Inducible-clindamycin resistance). Among the 205 S. aureus isolates studied, Forty-four (21.5%) showed resistance to erythromycin, while 38 of these erythromycin-resistant isolates were simultaneously sensitive to clindamycin. Overall, out of 205 isolates, inducible-clindamycin resistance was detected in 23 (11.2%) of the isolates. These 23 (inducible MLSB phenotype) are among 38 erythromycin-resistant S. aureus that were simultaneously sensitive (phenotypically) to clindamycin. Ten (4.9%) of the total (205) study isolates expressed constitutive resistance to clindamycin. Oxacillin Resistance (MRSA) was detected in 25 (12.2%) of the 205 isolates. Among the 38 erythromycin-resistant S. aureus, four were MRSA while 3 (75%) of the 4 erythromycin-resistant MRSA expressed inducible resistance to clindamycin. 20 (58.8%) of 34 erythromycin-resistant MSSA expressed inducible resistance to clindamycin. MRSA phenotype was not significantly correlated (p=0.9430) to inducible-clindamycin resistance. Inducible clindamycin-resistance often leads to treatment failure. The clinical microbiology laboratories in Nigeria should consider routine testing and reporting of inducible clindamycin resistance in S. aureus . There is also the need for sustained surveillance of antimicrobial susceptibilities of S. aureus in this region.
Abstract: Clindamycin is indicated in the treatment of skin and soft-tissue infections caused by Staphylococcal species. Treatment of an infection caused by a strain carrying inducible erm gene using clindamycin or any non-inducer macrolide can lead to clinical failure. The present study was aimed to detect inducible-clindamycin resistance (MLSBi) among S. ...
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Effect of Roselle Extract in Expression of Matrix Metallo Proteinase - 8 (MMP-8) in Gingival Creviculer Fluid (GCF)
Lenni Indriani,
Mochammad Dharmautama,
Edy Machmud,
Muhammad Natsir Djide,
Mochammad Hatta
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, May 2016
Pages:
56-62
Received:
24 March 2016
Accepted:
16 April 2016
Published:
11 May 2016
Abstract: Background: This study is performed to determine the effect of roselle extract gel 10% toward the changing of MMP - 8 mRNA expression in Gingival Creviculer Fluid (GCF) in patient with gingivitis experience post acrylic crown insertion. Methods: This study is a pre and post test experimental research. Research subjects were 9 patients who experience gingivitis post acrylic crown insertion and divided in three groups (treatment with roselle gel, negative control, and positive control). GCF samples were taken with paper strips before and seven days after application of roselle extract gel 10%. The change of MMP-8 mRNA expression is tested using Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) method. The results then statistically tested using paired T test to see the effect of rosella extract toward MMP-8 activity. Result: The MMP - 8 mRNA expression in gingivitis post acrylic crown insertion crown in the experimental group is significantly decreased after application of roselle extract gel 10%, which also seen in the positive control group, but no changes observed in the negative control group. Conclusions: Roselle extract gel 10% is proven to be effective in reducing the activity of MMP - 8 in GCF.
Abstract: Background: This study is performed to determine the effect of roselle extract gel 10% toward the changing of MMP - 8 mRNA expression in Gingival Creviculer Fluid (GCF) in patient with gingivitis experience post acrylic crown insertion. Methods: This study is a pre and post test experimental research. Research subjects were 9 patients who experienc...
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Polymorphism in Regulatory T-cell (Treg)-Related Genes Is Associated with Unexplained Recurrent Pregnancy Loss
Fadel A. Sharif,
Mohammed J. Ashour,
Naim T. Badawi,
Shadi F. Al-Ashi
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, May 2016
Pages:
63-67
Received:
21 April 2016
Accepted:
29 April 2016
Published:
11 May 2016
Abstract: In the absence of confirmed causes for around 50% of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) cases this study was conducted in order to investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in regulatory T-cell related STAT3 (rs4796793 C/G), FOXP3 (rs3761548 A/C), LIF (rs3753082 T/C), NKG7 (rs71358833 A/G) and CCR5 (rs34418657 G/T) genes and unexplained RPL in a group of Palestinian women residing in Gaza strip. A retrospective case-control study was carried out during the period (August 2015 to March 2016). A total of 200 females, 100 RPL patients and 100 control women without previous history of RPL, aged 20–35 years were included in the study. STAT3 (rs4796793 C/G), FOXP3 (rs3761548 A/C), LIF (rs375082 T/C), NKG7 (rs71358833 A/G) and CCR5 (rs34418657 G/T) polymorphisms were tested by PCR-RFLP. Statistically significant difference existed between RPL cases and controls in terms of the genotypic distribution of the tested polymorphisms. STAT3 CC, FOXP3 AA, LIF CC, NKG7 AA and CCR5 GG genotypes were significantly higher in the RPL group. The tested polymorphisms shape the first elements of immune tolerance-related risk SNPs panel for RPL in the investigated population and may lead to improved therapeutic approaches.
Abstract: In the absence of confirmed causes for around 50% of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) cases this study was conducted in order to investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in regulatory T-cell related STAT3 (rs4796793 C/G), FOXP3 (rs3761548 A/C), LIF (rs3753082 T/C), NKG7 (rs71358833 A/G) and CCR5 (rs34418657 G/T) genes...
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The Correlation Between Malondialdehyde Serum Levels and the Duration of Sun Exposure; and Melasma Area and Severity Index in Patients with Melasma in Makassar
Fadlina Zainuddin,
Anis Irawan Anwar,
Khairuddin Djawad,
Arifin Seweng,
Rizalinda Sjahril,
Anni Adriani
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, May 2016
Pages:
68-75
Received:
21 April 2016
Accepted:
3 May 2016
Published:
13 May 2016
Abstract: Ultraviolet (UV) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of melasma. Ultraviolet rays can cause lipid peroxidation in cell membranes that trigger the generation of free radicals that can stimulate melanocytes to produce many melanin. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is the end product of lipid peroxidation in the body. MDA is an important indicator of lipid peroxidation. There are a lot of research has been done in linking MDA to the severity of melasma. But there has not yet any research connecting it with sun exposure in patients with melasma. This study aims to find out the relationship between MDA serum levels and the duration of sun exposure; and Melasma Area and Severity Index (MASI) scores in patients with melasma. The research method was the case control study. It used 84 samples divided into two groups: a melasma group consisting of 42 people and a control group consisting of 42 people. The examination was performed with anamnesis, questionnaires, duration score of sun exposure, physical examination and the assessment of MDA serum levels with Thiobutiric acid-reactive substance test reaction. The data were analysed using independent t test, Mann Whitney, and Spearman correlation test. The results show that there is a significant correlation between the levels of MDA with the duration of sun exposure, but the duration of sun exposure is not associated with MASI score. It means that MDA levels are not significantly associated with MASI scores. Free radicals are significantly associated with the duration of sun exposure, but the severity of melasma is not affected by the duration of sun exposure. The severity level of melasma is still much influenced by some other risk factors associated with the pathogenesis of melasma.
Abstract: Ultraviolet (UV) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of melasma. Ultraviolet rays can cause lipid peroxidation in cell membranes that trigger the generation of free radicals that can stimulate melanocytes to produce many melanin. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is the end product of lipid peroxidation in the body. MDA is an important indicator of lip...
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The Effectiveness of Benzoyl Peroxide 5% Gel with 0.05% Tretinoin Gel in Patients with Mild Acne Vulgaris (Identification of P. Acnes)
Ma’arifah Nadjar,
Farida Ilyas,
Safruddin Amin,
Farida Tabri,
R. Satriono,
Rizalinda Sjahrir
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, May 2016
Pages:
76-80
Received:
30 March 2016
Accepted:
9 May 2016
Published:
28 May 2016
Abstract: Topical tretinoin is used by the dermatolovenereologist and aesthetic physicians in patients with mild acne vulgaris, so it is necessary to be investigated. The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of benzoyl peroxide gel compared to tretinoin gel on persons with mild acne vulgaris and identify Propionibacterium acnes in patients with mild acne vulgaris. The research method was a clinical trial, double blind randomization. Patients with mild acne vulgaris were randomized in to 2 groups, each group was examined for clinical manifestations (comedone, papules or pustules) examination with sebumeter 815 and Polymerase Chain Reaction, every night each group was treated with benzoyl peroxide 5% gel and tretinoin 0.05% gel in the application, and followed-up in the days of the week 2, 4 and 6. Data were processed with Mann-Whitney test and Chi-Square Test. The results indicated benzoyl peroxide 5% gel and tretinoin 0.05% gel have the same effectiveness in patients with mild acne vulgaris. But, benzoyl peroxide 5% gel decreased blackheads faster compared to papules or pustules with 0.05% tretinoin gel. of sebum. There was no difference in levels of decrease between benzoyl peroxide 5% gel and tretinoin 0.05% gel. Propionibacterium acnes were found in patients with mild acne vulgaris before the treatment of benzoyl peroxide 5% gel and tretinoin 0.05% gel, although not found in all samples.
Abstract: Topical tretinoin is used by the dermatolovenereologist and aesthetic physicians in patients with mild acne vulgaris, so it is necessary to be investigated. The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of benzoyl peroxide gel compared to tretinoin gel on persons with mild acne vulgaris and identify Propionibacterium acnes in patients with m...
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The Association Between Interleukin-10 Gene Promoter Polymorphism and Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Sally Said Donia,
Eman Masoud Abd El Gayed,
Sally Mohamed El-Hefnawy,
Ahmed Ragheb
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, May 2016
Pages:
81-87
Received:
27 April 2016
Accepted:
16 May 2016
Published:
28 May 2016
Abstract: Insulin resistance is a major characteristic of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Inflammation plays an important role in increased insulin resistance, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine with lower circulating levels in T2DM. We aimed to examine the association between IL-10 and insulin resistance, and to evaluate IL-10 gene promoter single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at position -592 C/A and serum IL-10 level as risk factors for insulin resistance and T2DM. This study was carried out on 200 subjects divided into 2 groups: 110 patients with T2DM (group I), and 90 healthy subjects served as controls (group II). All participants were investigated for; fasting and 2 hour post prandial blood glucose, serum lipids, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), serum IL-10 and fasting serum insulin. HOMA-IR was used for assessment of insulin resistance and β cell activity. Genotyping of -592 C/A (rs1800872) SNP of IL-10 gene promoter and genotype frequencies were analyzed using the polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism technique (PCR-RFLP). The results of the present study showed significant statistical decrease in serum IL-10 levels in group I compared to group II. A significant negative correlation was found between serum IL-10 and HOMA-IR. Significant differences were observed for -592 C/A genotype distributions between both groups with increased frequency of the AA genotype in diabetic patients and increased frequency of CC genotype in controls. AA genotypes of -592 C/A was found to be a genetic risk factor for T2DM. Our results show that IL-10 has a positive association with insulin sensitivity, and SNP-592 C/A of IL-10 gene promoter and its serum level can contribute to susceptibility to insulin resistance and T2DM.
Abstract: Insulin resistance is a major characteristic of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Inflammation plays an important role in increased insulin resistance, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine with lower circulating levels in T2DM. We aimed to examine the association between IL-10 and insulin resis...
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The Effectiveness of Topical Mangosteen Pericarp Extract on the Collagen of Mice Skin Exposed to Ultraviolet B
Elfa Wirdani Fitri,
Anis Irawan Anwar,
Khairuddin Djawad,
Arifin Seweng,
Husni Changara,
Gemini Alam
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, May 2016
Pages:
88-93
Received:
5 May 2016
Accepted:
23 May 2016
Published:
1 June 2016
Abstract: Exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) has an impact in the form of changes in the dermis collagen fibers and can result in decreasing the thickness and density of collagen. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of mangosteen pericarp extract to the thickness and density of collagen in mice skin after being exposed to UVB. This research was conducted in the animal laboratory and the anatomic pathology laboratory Hasanuddin University, Makassar. The study used pure animal experimental research design with control group. The samples were 24 mice that were divided into four groups: normal, UVB, ethanol and mangosteen groups. Mangosteen pericarp extract with a concentration of 50% was applied shortly after the mice were exposed to UVB. The thickness and density of collagen in normal group was significantly higher than UVB and ethanol groups. Mangosteen groups showed collagen density higher than UVB and ethanol groups. No significant differences between mangosteen and normal group. No significant differences between ethanol and UVB groups. Mangosteen pericarp extract with a concentration of 50% (2 mg / gBW mice) can increase the thickness and density of collagen in mice skin exposed to UVB.
Abstract: Exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) has an impact in the form of changes in the dermis collagen fibers and can result in decreasing the thickness and density of collagen. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of mangosteen pericarp extract to the thickness and density of collagen in mice skin after being exposed to UVB. This research was conducte...
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