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Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome- A Case Report
Tarafdar Runa Laila,
Sheikh Salahuddin Ahmed
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, July 2015
Pages:
133-136
Received:
10 May 2015
Accepted:
17 May 2015
Published:
29 May 2015
Abstract: Androgen insensitivity syndrome is a disorder where there is resistance to androgen actions influencing both the morphogenesis and differentiation of androgen responsive body structures. It occurs due to an X-linked mutation in Androgen Receptor gene. This disorder includes a spectrum of changes ranging from male infertility to completely normal female external genitalia in a chromosomally male individual. These cases need proper diagnosis and appropriate management. We report this case for its interesting presentation. The patient is a 20 year old female, presented with bilateral labial swellings and primary amenorrhoea. Subsequent investigations were done which revealed that the patient is a genetically male with absence of female internal genitalia but presence of testes. Gonadectomy was done after proper counseling and was put on hormone replacement therapy. Proper psychological support was also given to her, which is more important.
Abstract: Androgen insensitivity syndrome is a disorder where there is resistance to androgen actions influencing both the morphogenesis and differentiation of androgen responsive body structures. It occurs due to an X-linked mutation in Androgen Receptor gene. This disorder includes a spectrum of changes ranging from male infertility to completely normal fe...
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Effect of Oral Administration of Dietary Antioxidant Supplements in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C
Torricelli Piera,
Antonelli Francesco,
Ferorelli Pasquale,
De Martino Angelo,
Shevchenko Anna,
Beninati Simone
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, July 2015
Pages:
137-141
Received:
17 May 2015
Accepted:
23 May 2015
Published:
6 June 2015
Abstract: In a prospective, randomized and single-blinded clinical trial, we compared patients with Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) orally treated with sucrose diluted with water (1:2) twice a day for 56 days (control group), with patients orally treated with four antioxidant dietary supplements rich in vitamin B5, B9, C, D, citric, pyruvic, and tartaric acids and carbohydrates (CCEP: Citexivir, Citozym, Ergozym Plus and Propulzym). The efficacy of treatment was evaluated once a week for 8 weeks, by monitoring changes in the activities of circulating Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) as markers of liver damage. After a treatment of 84 days the viral title was evaluated through the HCV-RNA compared with the levels of anti-C100-3. The security and tolerability of the treatment were evaluated on the basis of clinical adverse events and results of laboratory tests. The experimental data obtained showed that the oral treatment of patients suffering from HCV infection of genotype 1, with CCEP, markedly influenced the values of the three enzymatic markers of hepatic disease. The data presented also showed the reduction of viral replication evidenced by the rate of HCV-RNA levels. As reported by others, we confirmed the low reliability of the research of anti-C100-3. This research is not meant to suggest the treatment reported as a therapy for the treatment of HCV infection, but data obtained may tend towards the possibility of administration of a dietary supplement such as CCEP in support of the official drug therapy of CHC in the nutritional care of HCV patients.
Abstract: In a prospective, randomized and single-blinded clinical trial, we compared patients with Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) orally treated with sucrose diluted with water (1:2) twice a day for 56 days (control group), with patients orally treated with four antioxidant dietary supplements rich in vitamin B5, B9, C, D, citric, pyruvic, and tartaric acids and...
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Effect of Shift-Work on Hypertension Among Factory Workers in Ethiopia
Henok Asresahegn Asfaw,
Ephrem Mamo Gebrehiwot,
Solomon Shiferaw
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, July 2015
Pages:
142-148
Received:
17 April 2015
Accepted:
22 May 2015
Published:
8 June 2015
Abstract: Background: Shift work is associated with several health problems, possibly due to an impairment of biological rhythms. Some studies reported that changes in blood pressure regulation among shift workers could lead to chronic hypertension. So this study aimed to determine and compare the level of and risk factors for hypertension among shift and day time workers. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study of 830 current factory workers (413 shift workers and 417 day time workers) who have worked for at least five years was conducted in Wonji Shoa sugary factory, Ethiopia. Data were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire, and blood pressure was measured using standardized instruments by trained clinical nurses. Hypertension was defined as having Systolic BP ≥140 mmHG or Diastolic BP≥ 90mmHG or reported use of regular anti-hypertensive medications prescribed by professionals for raised BP. Multiple logistic regressions were fitted and Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated to identify independently associated factors. Results: shift work, older age, higher income quintile, and family history of hypertension were found to be independently associated with Hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension was significantly higher among shift workers compared to daytime workers (42.9% versus 30.0%; p-value<0.05)). Multivariate analysis revealed the odds of being hypertensive among shift workers persists even after controlling for potential confounders including age, income, and family history of hypertension. [AOR (95% CI) = 1.48 (1.02, 2.14)]. Shift workers were also significantly more likely to be smokers compared to day-time workers (6.5 % versus 13.1 %; p-value<0.001). Conclusions: shift work, older age, higher income quintile, and family history of hypertension were found to be independently associated with Hypertension. The finding calls for institutionalization of efficient health screening and regular checkups as well as interventions promoting healthy lifestyles among shift workers.
Abstract: Background: Shift work is associated with several health problems, possibly due to an impairment of biological rhythms. Some studies reported that changes in blood pressure regulation among shift workers could lead to chronic hypertension. So this study aimed to determine and compare the level of and risk factors for hypertension among shift and da...
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The Levels of Troponin T in Patients with Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever
Burhanuddin Iskandar,
Juherinah,
Dasril Daud,
Andi Dwi Bahagia Febriani
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, July 2015
Pages:
149-153
Received:
17 May 2015
Accepted:
28 May 2015
Published:
19 June 2015
Abstract: Introduction: The incidence of myocarditis on Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is still controversial because the disease was asymptomatic and definitive diagnosis only with endocardial biopsy. More specific and sensitive examination to detect the cardiac disorder is cardiac enzyme likes the level of troponin T. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the level of troponin T in patients with dengue shock syndrome (DSS) and dengue hemorrhagic fever without shock. Methods: The research conducted a cross-sectional study at Child Health Department of Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar, from July to October 2012. The population included children with DHF admitted to the hospital of Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo, Ibnu Sina and Faisal Islamic. Diagnosis of DHF was established based on history taking, physical and laboratory examination. Results: There were 70 samples who met the criteria, including 35 patients of DSS and 35 patients of dengue hemorrhagic fever without shock. The level of troponin T was higher on DSS group than DHF group with the cut off point of ≥0.007 ng/ml is the best level to distinguish between dengue shock syndrome and dengue hemorrhagic fever without shock (p=0.000, sensitivity 97.1%, specificity 88.6%, positive predictive value 89.5%, negative predictive value 96.9%,OR 18.7; 95% CI 15.3–1417.5). Conclusion: The level of troponin T was higher on DSS group than dengue hemorrhagic fever without shock group because on DSS occurs to stress caused by hypoperfusion. But the level of troponin T between two groups within normal limits, not found cardiac disorder such as myocarditis on DHF.
Abstract: Introduction: The incidence of myocarditis on Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is still controversial because the disease was asymptomatic and definitive diagnosis only with endocardial biopsy. More specific and sensitive examination to detect the cardiac disorder is cardiac enzyme likes the level of troponin T. Objective: This study aims to evaluate...
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The Analysis of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Gene Polymorphisms on Clinical and Histopathology Features of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, July 2015
Pages:
154-161
Received:
20 May 2015
Accepted:
3 June 2015
Published:
19 June 2015
Abstract: Background: Nasopharyngeal malignancy is the first most common malignancy amongst in ear, nose and throat. Incidence rate was 4.7 per 100.000 or 7.000-8.000 cases per year and most of carcinoma is arising from the epithelial cells. Objective: To analyze the VEGF gene variations at +405 C/G and -460 T/C with VEGFR (Flt-4) and LMP-1 tissues expression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out with explorative approached at several teaching hospitals in Makassar by Hasanuddin University Research Centre and Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology on a one-year period, from July 2006 through August 2007. The analysis covered from 90 samples of blood and 45 samples of nasopharynx tissue, consisting of 45 patients for both of the NPC and without NPC as a control. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood and analyzed by PCR and direct DNA sequencing method for identifying the location of VEGF gene mutation and immunohistochemical expression of VEGFR (Flt-4) and LMP-1 were performed in 45 NPC biopsy samples with avidin-biotin method. Results: The frequencies of +405 C/G and -460 T/C were about 50%, with higher in +405 C/G (hot spot), mostly genotype variant was heterozygote (CG). Our results confirmed that untranslated and promoter region of VEGF gene were higher polymorphic. GC and CC haplotype at +405 C/G and -460 T/C of VEGF gene more susceptible to NPC compared with CT haplotype but no statistical significant. Conclusion: There were no relationships between genotype distribution and allele frequencies at VEGF gene +405 C/G, -460 T/C and -457 T/C with the NPC risk factors.
Abstract: Background: Nasopharyngeal malignancy is the first most common malignancy amongst in ear, nose and throat. Incidence rate was 4.7 per 100.000 or 7.000-8.000 cases per year and most of carcinoma is arising from the epithelial cells. Objective: To analyze the VEGF gene variations at +405 C/G and -460 T/C with VEGFR (Flt-4) and LMP-1 tissues expressio...
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The Influence of a New Uracil Derivative Carbicyl on Myocardium Bioenergetic Processes
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, July 2015
Pages:
162-166
Received:
23 April 2015
Accepted:
9 May 2015
Published:
25 June 2015
Abstract: There was carried out research concerning the following metabolic deterioration: the metabolic disorders of nicotinamide nucleotides and such macro-energy compounds as adenyl nucleotides, creatine phosphate and their metabolism enzymes in myocardium tissue in case of anthracycline-induced toxic cardiomyopathy. The results of influence of a new physiologically active compound carbicyl that possesses metabolic effect on bioenergenic processes when used in rats with anthracycline-induced heart failure are presented comparing with other cardiotonic agents of different pharmaceutical classes. This study shows that the administration of a metabolic cardiotonic agent carbicyl to the rats that suffer from adriamycin-induced cardiomyopathy significantly normalizes the state of redox processes in myocardium. Carbicyl normalizes the parameters of mitochondrial function; it decreases the deterioration of energy metabolism in cardiomyocytes; carbicyl increases the content of the oxidized forms of NAD+ and NADH+ coenzymes; and it increases the level of ATP, creatine phosphate and glycogen.
Abstract: There was carried out research concerning the following metabolic deterioration: the metabolic disorders of nicotinamide nucleotides and such macro-energy compounds as adenyl nucleotides, creatine phosphate and their metabolism enzymes in myocardium tissue in case of anthracycline-induced toxic cardiomyopathy. The results of influence of a new phys...
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The Analysis of the Mycobacterium Leprae Resistance Against Ofloxacin After the Rifampicin Ofloxacin Minocycline (ROM) Therapy
Arif Risdianto Karim,
Muh Dali Amiruddin,
Farida Tabri,
R. Satriono,
Mochammad Hatta,
Marianti Manggau
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, July 2015
Pages:
167-171
Received:
27 May 2015
Accepted:
6 June 2015
Published:
25 June 2015
Abstract: Background: This reserach aimed to determine the correlation between the morphology index and IgM anti PGL-1, and the mutations in gyrA genes in order to detect ofloxacin resistance in the patients with multibacillary (MB) leprosy. Methods: This research was conducted in Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo General Hospital and its network hospitals in Makassar using the cohort retrospective design. The research sample comprised 21 patients with MB leprosy who had completed the ROM treatment regimens, and whose bacterial index (BI), morphology index (MI), IgM anti PGL-1 antibody, PCR, and sequencing, skin lesion number, and treatment regularity had been examined. Result: The research revealed that all the samples did not undergo any mutations of the gyrA genes which was responsible for the ofloxacin resistance; however, there was a correlation between BI and the IgM anti PGL-1 antibody, and between IgM anti PGL-1 antibody and the number of the skin lesions. Conclusions: There was no samples found to undergo the mutations of gyrA genes, this could be used as the reference to assess the correlation between the morphology index and the IgM anti PGL-1 antibody with the mutations of the gyrA genes.
Abstract: Background: This reserach aimed to determine the correlation between the morphology index and IgM anti PGL-1, and the mutations in gyrA genes in order to detect ofloxacin resistance in the patients with multibacillary (MB) leprosy. Methods: This research was conducted in Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo General Hospital and its network hospitals in Makassa...
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Pathological Findings and Immunohistochemical Evaluation of MMP-2 and TIMPs in Equine Fetlock Affected by Degenerative Joint Disease
Redento Mora,
Diana Binanti,
Nicoletta Mora,
Eleonora Fantinato,
Valentina Ferrante,
Luisella Pedrotti,
Pietro Riccaboni
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, July 2015
Pages:
172-177
Received:
25 May 2015
Accepted:
9 June 2015
Published:
25 June 2015
Abstract: Background: MMP-2 and MMP-9 are proteolytic enzymes involved in the remodeling of extracellular matrix and regulated in their function by a family of proteins called TIMPs. MMP-2 and MMP-9 and TIMPs are secreted in joints by both synovial cells and chondrocytes, and are implicated in osteoarthritis onset and progression. The aim of this study was to investigate the localization of MMP-2 and TIMPs expression and their relationship in the synovial membrane of equine fetlock (metacarpo-phalangeal joint), which is the joint most frequently affected by osteoarthritis due to his high weight-bearing impact and shearing forces. Method: This study analyzed the immunohistochemical expression of MMP-2 and tissue inhibitors of MMP (TIMPs) in synovial membrane sections from 40 equine metacarpo-phalangeal joints affected by osteoarthritis in order to better assess their role in the pathogenesis of joint-structure alterations. Immunohistochemical study was performed using the Avidin-Biotin-Peroxidase complex method, and the percentage of labeled cells was assessed semi-quantitatively. Data obtained were statistically revised through the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Results: MMP-2 and TIMPs were expressed by type-B synoviocytes and endothelial cells. MMP-2 expression was not significantly associated to the macroscopic findings while a linear correlation between MMP-2 and TIMPs expression was observed. Conclusion: These data suggest that in degenerative joint disease the synovial expression of TIMPs may contribute to the regulation of MMP-2 expression in order to reach a new dynamic balance and that MMP-2 plays an important pro-homeostatic role in physiological and pathological equine synovial membrane.
Abstract: Background: MMP-2 and MMP-9 are proteolytic enzymes involved in the remodeling of extracellular matrix and regulated in their function by a family of proteins called TIMPs. MMP-2 and MMP-9 and TIMPs are secreted in joints by both synovial cells and chondrocytes, and are implicated in osteoarthritis onset and progression. The aim of this study was t...
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Clinical Trials of New Drug Products: What Gets Compared to Whom
Charles Joseph Kowalski,
Adam Joel Mrdjenovich
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, July 2015
Pages:
178-188
Received:
11 June 2015
Accepted:
21 June 2015
Published:
3 July 2015
Abstract: Two of the most controversial aspects of phase III clinical trial design are the choice of the control group(s) and the choice of the outcome variable(s). Each of these choices has overlapping scientific and ethical ramifications, and the tension between maximizing scientific validity on the one hand, and protecting the rights and welfare of the human participants in the trial on the other, is the main source of the controversy. The intensity of the debate is increased whenever these choices are motivated not by scientific or ethical principles, but are driven by conflicts of interest. And so it comes to pass that in testing the safety and efficacy of new drug products, when study design choices are made more to achieve rapid market approval than to accurately assess safety and efficacy, thereby putting the welfare of both the trial participants and future patients at risk, the public and its advocates will recoil. In this paper, we study two issues of this kind: the use of placebo controls when an established intervention for the condition under consideration exists, and the use of surrogate outcome measures. There is a rich and growing literature on both of these topics and we will have little to contribute to a greater theoretical understanding of either of them. Our aim is to point to the ethical ramifications of these choices in the context of clinical trials of new drug products, and to suggest how these choices may be better made to serve public health interests. What is to come is portended by the observation that, “In the United States, the long tradition of leaving to the pharmaceutical industry the task of evaluating the efficacy and safety of its products has permitted manufacturers to make study design choices that largely determine the shape of the answers eventually provided by the trials” (Psaty and Weiss, 2007, p. 330).
Abstract: Two of the most controversial aspects of phase III clinical trial design are the choice of the control group(s) and the choice of the outcome variable(s). Each of these choices has overlapping scientific and ethical ramifications, and the tension between maximizing scientific validity on the one hand, and protecting the rights and welfare of the hu...
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The Effect of Curcumin on the Acute Wound Healing of Mice
Armansjah Dara Sjahruddin,
Anis IrawanAnwar,
Farida Tabri,
Khairuddin Djawad,
Dasril Daud,
Gemini Alam
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, July 2015
Pages:
189-193
Received:
5 June 2015
Accepted:
18 June 2015
Published:
7 July 2015
Abstract: Background: The study aimed to compare the effectiveness of curcumin 0.5% and 5% by Natrium Chloride (NaCl) 0.9% in the acute wound healing of mice. Methods: This study was conducted at the Animal Laboratory and at the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Medical Faculty Hasanuddin University in Makassar, by using an experimental study. The samples consisted of 30 mice observed by the change of clinical and histopathological manifestations. Result: The study reveal that there was no significant difference between the application of curcumin 5% and Natrium Chloride 0.9% in the healing wound. After seven days the length of significant reepithelization was p=0.026 between curcumin 0.5% and Natrium Chloride 0.9%. After the seventh day of treatment the density of polymorpho nuclear (PMN) and macrophages was not significant (p<0.05) in all three groups. Statistically, the thickness of fibroblast was significant, between Natrium Chloride 0.9% and curcumin 0.5% (p=0.049), curcumin 5% (p=0.006) after the treatment on day seven. Conclusions: The use of application topical curcumin is not better than the NaCl 0.9% in acute wound healing in mice.
Abstract: Background: The study aimed to compare the effectiveness of curcumin 0.5% and 5% by Natrium Chloride (NaCl) 0.9% in the acute wound healing of mice. Methods: This study was conducted at the Animal Laboratory and at the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Medical Faculty Hasanuddin University in Makassar, by using an experimental study. The samples ...
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Atrazine Genotoxicity on Human Placental Cells
Ibrahim F. S.,
Ali M. M.,
Issak M.,
Ewaiss M.
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, July 2015
Pages:
194-199
Received:
10 June 2015
Accepted:
21 June 2015
Published:
15 July 2015
Abstract: Atrazine is one of the most commonly used herbicides. After exposure to Atrazine during pregnancy, it can be found in placental tissue. We investigated the toxic effects of different Atrazine concentrations on human cytotrophoblasts. These cells were isolated from fresh placenta and were exposed to Atrazine for 24 hours. Our results showed that very low doses of Atrazine induced apoptotic placental cell death. It decreased the relative survival of human cytotrophoblastsup to 50% of control. It significantly decreased P53 and TNF- alpha genes expression while Bcl2 gene expression was increased insignificantly. Our findings suggested that exposure of placental cells to Atrazine even in low doses causes harmful effects, leading to adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, prematurity and pregnancy loss.
Abstract: Atrazine is one of the most commonly used herbicides. After exposure to Atrazine during pregnancy, it can be found in placental tissue. We investigated the toxic effects of different Atrazine concentrations on human cytotrophoblasts. These cells were isolated from fresh placenta and were exposed to Atrazine for 24 hours. Our results showed that ver...
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