STOP-Bang Test Results of a Randomly Selected Group of Fibromyalgia Patients
Ilker Ilhanli,
Necip Guder,
Canan Celik
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, January 2016
Pages:
1-6
Received:
14 December 2015
Accepted:
21 December 2015
Published:
30 December 2015
Abstract: Except for diffuse musculoskeletal pain and pain at tender points, the symptoms reported by patients with Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) are similar to those of patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). Patients with OSAS can also present FMS. STOP-Bang test is an effective scale which was developed to identify the patients with OSAS. The aim of this study was to evaluate the probable correlation between symptom severity of FMS and STOP-Bang test. Thirty one patients were included in the study. Demographic data including gender, age, body mass index and concomitant diseases are recorded. Musculoskeletal and neurologic examination, measurement of neck circumference and limitation of cervical range of motion were performed. Also MRI findings were recorded as decreased cervical lordosis, spondylosis and discopathy. STOP-Bang test was applied. Beside this test presence of snoring and fatigue were asked again separately. Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) was applied. Results of FIQ including total score, visual analog scale for pain (VAS pain) and fatigue (VAS fatigue) were recorded. Twenty five patients (80,6%) were female and 6 patients (19,4%) were male. Neck circumference of male patients was significantly higher than the females (p<0,05). All patients were complaining of fatigue, and 61,3% reported snoring. According to the STOP-Bang test high risk of OSAS was found in 54,8% of the patients (5 males and 12 females). There was significant and positive correlation between snoring and VAS pain, VAS fatigue, FIQ score and high risk of OSAS (p<0,01). Correlations between high risk of OSAS and VAS pain, VAS fatigue and FIQ score (p<0,01) were significant, as well as the correlations between high risk of OSAS and limitation of cervical rotation, and presence of cervical discopathy and decreased cervical lordosis (p<0,05). Although it does not imply a cause and effect relationship, the association between FMS and OSAS is clear. Physicians should keep in mind the presence of OSAS among patients with FMS, especially in male patients. STOP-Bang test is an effective co-examination to predict the risk level of OSAS which is correlated with snoring. Only asking presence of snoring can substitute for STOP-Bang test to refer these patients for the examination of upper airways.
Abstract: Except for diffuse musculoskeletal pain and pain at tender points, the symptoms reported by patients with Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) are similar to those of patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). Patients with OSAS can also present FMS. STOP-Bang test is an effective scale which was developed to identify the patients with OSAS. The...
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Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Staphylococcus aureus with Emphasize on Methicilin Resistance with Patients Postoperative and Wound Infections at Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College in Ethiopia
Tebelay Dilnessa,
Adane Bitew
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, January 2016
Pages:
7-12
Received:
12 January 2016
Accepted:
23 January 2016
Published:
24 February 2016
Abstract: Background: Staphylococcus aureus particularly methicilin resistant S. aureus strains are one of the major causes of community and hospital acquired bacterial infections, often causing postoperative and burn wound infections. In-vitro determination of drug resistance patterns of S. aureus is critical for the selection of effective drugs for the treatment of staphylococci infections. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine methicillin and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of S. aureus from postoperative and burn wound patients in Ethiopia. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 378 patients at Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College from September 2013 to August 2014 in Ethiopia. Swabs from postoperative and burn wound were collected. Swabs were cultured on blood agar and mannitol salt agar and incubated at 35-37°C aerobically for 18-24 hours. Cultures with typical characteristics were identified to S. aureus by DNAse agar test. S. aureus were then screened for MRSA using 30g cefoxitin disc. The drug susceptibility patterns of S. aureus to eleven drugs were determined by disc diffusion procedure and agar dilution for vancomycin. All S. aureus isolates examined for beta-lactamase production by employing nitrocefin. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 software and logistic regressions were applied to assess any association between dependent and independent variables. P values < 0.05 were taken as statistically significant. Results: Of the 378 swabs analyzed, S. aureus was recovered from 179 (47.4%). The prevalence of S. aurues was higher in females than males 95(53%) versus 84(47%). Out of 179 S. aureus isolates, 67(37.43%) were found out to be MRSA and the remaining 112(62.57%) were MSSA. S. aureus isolates were more resistant to penicillin 172(96.1%) and least resistant for vancomycin 10(5.6%) and cephalothin 9(5.0%). MRSA isolates were 67(100%) resistant for penicillin, 63(94.0%) for erythromycin, 62(92.5%) for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and least resistant for cephalothin 9(13.4%) and vancomycin 10(15.0%). Among 179 S. aureus isolates, 145(81.0%) were beta-lactamase producers. Furthermore, of 67 MRSA isolates, 61(91.0%) and out of 112 MSSA strains 99(88.4%) were beta-lactamase producers. Conclusion: In this study S. aureus isolates exhibited very high degree of resistance to different antibiotics. The prevalence of MRSA was high and this should necessitate caution in prescription of antibiotics without proper indication. The isolates were also multidrug resistant to several combinations of the tested antibiotics. The emergence of vancomycin resistant S. aureus highlights the value of prudent prescribing of antibiotics and avoiding their irrational use.
Abstract: Background: Staphylococcus aureus particularly methicilin resistant S. aureus strains are one of the major causes of community and hospital acquired bacterial infections, often causing postoperative and burn wound infections. In-vitro determination of drug resistance patterns of S. aureus is critical for the selection of effective drugs for the tre...
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