The Effect of Mangiferin on Improving Endothelial Dysfunction by Inhibiting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress to Alleviate Mitochondrial Fission
Yang Chen,
Yu-peng Chen,
Bao-lin Liu,
Kang Liu,
Fang Huang,
Zhi-xia Qiu
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 5, September 2017
Pages:
162-172
Received:
23 July 2017
Accepted:
16 August 2017
Published:
31 August 2017
Abstract: Microvascular and macrovascular diseases are important complications of metabolic diseases and affect the normal functioning of the human cardiovascular system. Endothelial dysfunction is the basic pathological tache of vascular diseases. This study aims to find out whether mangiferin can relieve endothelial dysfunction by inhibiting mitochondrial fission induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress. After being stimulated by palmitate, the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins Bip, p-PERK (RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase) increased significantly. The endoplasmic reticulum stress was effectively inhibited after the treatment with mangiferin and the inhibition diminished after the knockout of AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) through AMPK siRNA interference, which demonstrated that AMPK was a key point for mangiferin action to exert its therapeutic effects. Under endoplasmic reticulum stress conditions, the influx of calcium ions from the endoplasmic reticulum into cytoplasm may lead to mitochondrial calcium ions overload and a large increase in mitochondrial ROS. As a result, mitochondrial fission was further promoted and apoptosis was induced. Mangiferin effectively improved the endothelial function by activating AMPK to inhibit the endoplasmic reticulum stress, maintaining the calcium homeostasis in mitochondria while inhibiting apoptosis by diminishing mitochondrial fission and ROS (Reactive Oxygen Specie) generation. In conclusion, mangiferin could maintain Ca2+ homeostasis in mitochondria under ER stress conditions, attenuate cell apoptosis induced by mitochondrial fission and ROS generation, and effectively improve the endothelial function by activating AMPK to inhibit endoplasmic reticulum stress.
Abstract: Microvascular and macrovascular diseases are important complications of metabolic diseases and affect the normal functioning of the human cardiovascular system. Endothelial dysfunction is the basic pathological tache of vascular diseases. This study aims to find out whether mangiferin can relieve endothelial dysfunction by inhibiting mitochondrial ...
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Impact of Low Molecular Weight Heparin on Overall Survival in Patients with Advanced Lung Cancer: A Retrospective Study
Rammey Hassan,
Shuchi Gulati,
Yellu Mahender,
Ihab Eldessouki,
Nabeela Iffat Siddiqi,
Changchun Xie,
Jane Pruemer,
Nagla Abdel Karim
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 5, September 2017
Pages:
173-175
Received:
20 July 2017
Accepted:
14 August 2017
Published:
4 September 2017
Abstract: Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH) is approved for treatment of and secondary prophylaxis against thromboembolic events in patients with cancer. However, its role in improving Overall Survival (OS) remains unclear. A retrospective study to evaluate effect of LMWH on OS in advanced lung cancer was conducted by retrospectively identifying patients with advanced lung cancer (stage IIIA, IIIB and IV) including non-small cell, small cell and rare histopathologic subtypes from 2004 to 2014. Patients with early stage lung cancer and those with incomplete information were excluded. Data on patient demographics (age, gender, ethnicity), histopathology, staging, medications (including chemotherapy and anticoagulants) and patient outcome were collected. Death was considered as the final endpoint. Patients with and without LMWH use were identified. This study did not find an improvement in OS with use of LMWH in advanced stage lung cancer patients. Even though the results were not statistically significant, there was a trend towards higher mortality in patients treated with LMWH for thrombosis compared to patients without thrombosis. Future prospective studies using a larger patient population should evaluate the impact of prophylactic versus therapeutic LMWH on OS in advanced lung cancer.
Abstract: Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH) is approved for treatment of and secondary prophylaxis against thromboembolic events in patients with cancer. However, its role in improving Overall Survival (OS) remains unclear. A retrospective study to evaluate effect of LMWH on OS in advanced lung cancer was conducted by retrospectively identifying patients w...
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The Role of Two-Dimensional Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of Protrusion of Cervical Intervertebral Discs in Adolescents
Abdullaev R. Ya.,
Kalashnikov V. I.,
Ibragimova K. N.,
Mammadov I. G.,
Abdullaev R. R.
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 5, September 2017
Pages:
176-180
Received:
13 August 2017
Accepted:
25 August 2017
Published:
19 September 2017
Abstract: Objective: To improve the efficiency of cervical intervertebral discs protrusion by determining the ultrasound biomarkers. Materials and Methods: The study included 72 healthy adolescents with normal intervertebral discs, 96 person with the degenerative changes in nucleus pulpous and 69 person with the disc protrusions. In axial section was performed the sagittal intervertebral disc and spinal canal sizes, the anterior dural space size, the width of spinal nerve canals. Results: The protrusion of the cervical discs in 11 (15,9±4,4%) cases was noted in children aged 13-14 years, in 21 (30,5±5,5%) - at 15-16 years and in 37 (53,6±6,0%) – at 17-18 years (p<0,01 and p<0,001 respectively). In 24 (34,8±5,7% ) cases, the protrusion was localized at the level of (34,8±5,7% ), in 16 (23,2±5,1%) - C4-C5, in 11 (15,9±4,4%) - at the level C6-C7, in 9 (13,0±4,0%) - at the level of C3-C4 respectively. In 26 (37,7±5,8%) cases the protrusion had paramedian, in 18 (26,1±5,3%) cases – median-paramedian, in 16 (23,2±5,1%) cases – median, in 6 (8,7±3,4) cases - circular, in 3 (4,3±2,4) cases – posterolateral localization. In healthy children without degenerative changes of the intervertebral discs, the average sagittal disc size is 15,4±0,98mm, in a group with a change of the nucleus pulpous – 16,1±1,07 mm, in a group with disc protrusion – 16,3±1,12mm, respectively. The parameters of average sagittal spinal size was 15,9±0,97mm, 15,2±1,04 mm, 14,1±0,87mm, respectively. The IVD/SC index was 0,97±0,05, 1,06±0,06, 1,16±0,07, respectively. The ADS was 3,7±0,45mm, 3,2±0,38mm, 2,1±0,26 mm, and ADS/SC – 0,23±0,026, 0,21±0,019, 0,15±0,017 respectively. Conclusions: In adolescents in the cervical spine, median-paramedian and paramedian protrusions are most commonly found, which are most often localized at the level of both C5-C6 and C4-C5. The greatest narrowing and deformation of the anterior dural space is observed by median and median-paramedian protrusions, and the spinal nerve canal - by posterolateral and paramedian protrusions.
Abstract: Objective: To improve the efficiency of cervical intervertebral discs protrusion by determining the ultrasound biomarkers. Materials and Methods: The study included 72 healthy adolescents with normal intervertebral discs, 96 person with the degenerative changes in nucleus pulpous and 69 person with the disc protrusions. In axial section was perform...
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