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Exclusive Breast Feeding Practice and Associated Factors in Kemba Woreda, Southern Ethiopia, a Community Based Cross-Sectional Study
Eskezyiaw Agedew Getahun,
Desta Haftu Hayelom,
Genet Gedamu Kassie
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, July 2017
Pages:
55-61
Received:
4 April 2017
Accepted:
13 April 2017
Published:
1 June 2017
Abstract: Exclusive breastfeeding is defined as feeding infants only breast milk with no addition of any liquid or solids. Evidence shows that sixty percent of under-five mortality caused by malnutrition and more than two-thirds of those are associated with inappropriate breast feeding practices during infancy. The objective of this paper was to assess exclusive breast feeding practice and associated factors among 6-24 months young child in Kemba Woreda. Community based cross sectional study was conducted among 562 mothers who have young children. Univariate, binary and Multivariate analysis was conducted by SPSS version 20. Significant factors were identified based on P-value less than 0.05. From all respondent 40.6% exclusive breast feed for six months and the rest 59.4% started additional complementary food before six months. Age of mothers those who are in age group >=30 years, Education level those who have no formal education AOR 2.76(1.63-4.69), occupational of mothers those who work as daily workers AOR 3.06(1.03-9.12) and Private work activity (merchant, farmers) AOR 2.39(1.61-3.53), mothers who have no post natal follow up and who did not have Growth monitoring follow up for their child in Health service AOR(1.64(1.05-2.55), 1.95(1.19-3.17)) respectively were significantly associated factors for starting additional complementary food before six months in the study area. A significant proportion of mothers were started additional complementary food before sex months. Extending maternal leave, practical support of mothers on adapting breast milk expression feeding and organizing baby center in government institution and continuous health education on importance of exclusive breast feeding should be considered for improving exclusive breast feeding practice to optimal level.
Abstract: Exclusive breastfeeding is defined as feeding infants only breast milk with no addition of any liquid or solids. Evidence shows that sixty percent of under-five mortality caused by malnutrition and more than two-thirds of those are associated with inappropriate breast feeding practices during infancy. The objective of this paper was to assess exclu...
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Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil of Belpharis linariifolia
Noha Ali Ibrahim,
Safa Khalid Musa,
Shima Mohammed Yassin,
Nosiba Hashim Abuniama,
Sufyan Awadalkareem,
Alsiddig Osama,
Mohamed N. Abdalaziz
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, July 2017
Pages:
62-66
Received:
28 February 2017
Accepted:
19 April 2017
Published:
3 June 2017
Abstract: The study was aimed to investigate essential oil chemical composition and antimicrobial activities of essential oils extracted from seeds of Belpharis linariifolia. The oil was extracted according to the method described by Harborne (1984). and analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR) and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) techniques to determine the chemical composition of the volatile fraction and identify their chemo-types. The essential oil of Belpharis linariifolia seeds were tested against four standard bacterial species: two Gram-positive bacteria viz, Bacillus subtilis (NCTC 8236) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), two Gram-negative bacterial strains Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), and fungal strains viz, Candida albicans (ATCC 7596) using the paper disc diffusion method. Twenty two components were identified in the essential oil of Belpharis linariifolia representing 82.87% of the total components, the major compounds were Acetic acid (11.60%), 4-acetyl-2-isopropyl-5,5-dimethyltetrahydrofuran-2-yl (11.60%), 3-Cyano-2-Oxa-1-Ethoxyadamanane (13.09%), Ethyl 3-methyl-2-oxobutyrate (15.49%), Hexatriacontane (8.18%) and Dotriacontane (16.03%). Antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Belpharis linariifolia dissolved in methanol (1:10), showed low activity against the Gram-negative bacteria (P. aeruginosa & E. coli) (14 & 11 mm). It also showed against Gram positive bacteria (S. aureus & B. subtilis) (11.5 & 14 mm) and against (C. albicans) (zero mm). This study conducted for essential oil of Belpharis linariifolia seeds presence of variable compounds with diverse structures and low antimicrobial activity.
Abstract: The study was aimed to investigate essential oil chemical composition and antimicrobial activities of essential oils extracted from seeds of Belpharis linariifolia. The oil was extracted according to the method described by Harborne (1984). and analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR) and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ...
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A Participatory Assessment of Forest Biodiversity Resources and Level of Threat in Hararge Area, Eastern Ethiopia
Tahir Abdala,
Girma Eshetu,
Abebe Worku
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, July 2017
Pages:
67-73
Received:
15 March 2017
Accepted:
5 April 2017
Published:
14 June 2017
Abstract: Ethiopia was endowed with abundant and diversified flora and fauna. Especially, forest ecosystem is one the important habitats which provide as home of variety of life. Thus, wood vegetation that covered almost all of the area is reduced due to miss management, limited awareness of forest value and high population pressure. Particularly, the forest resources of Harari region, eastern and west Hararge zone has been degraded dramatically. The study was conducted in eastern part of Ethiopia in both east and west Hararge zones. The aim of the study was to collect and document threatened forest Biodiversity species found in the study area for conservation priority. Data were collected community based participatory using single visit transect walk, informal interviews of elder community and review other literature. The collected data was summarized by table, percent and figure. A total of 112 forest species were recorded. Out of them 34.8% plant species were highly threatened, 22.3% species near threatened and 42.9% were least threatened plant species. Hence, it is recommended to establish legal basis for the in situ and ex situ conservation sites for the conservation of the priority species. In addition, there is an urgent need to apply biotechnology to propagate some of the priority species and raise public awareness on the value of forest genetic resources.
Abstract: Ethiopia was endowed with abundant and diversified flora and fauna. Especially, forest ecosystem is one the important habitats which provide as home of variety of life. Thus, wood vegetation that covered almost all of the area is reduced due to miss management, limited awareness of forest value and high population pressure. Particularly, the forest...
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Empirical Analysis of the Reality of Gender Inclusiveness of Participatory Forest Management Approach: The Case of Chilimo-Gaji Forest, West Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, July 2017
Pages:
74-86
Received:
8 August 2016
Accepted:
1 October 2016
Published:
21 June 2017
Abstract: Governments from the commencement of nation-states have usurped forest management and use rights from local forest dependent societies as they perceive these societies as being opportunistic non-conservationists, thus dismissing their capability to manage their forests on a sustainable basis. As a result of this, the Conventional forest management system and practice have failed to improve the forest condition as well as to sustainably address the livelihood of the local community. In recognition of continued deforestation, degradation and loss of biodiversity associated with the mainstream “fences and fines’’ forest management system a new regime has practiced in a few national forest priority areas since 1990s, emphasizing the need to incorporate the aspiration of local people in forest conservation strategies in Ethiopia. This study was conducted in Chilimo-Gaji forest which is one of the oldest PFM intervention sites in Ethiopia. The main purpose of this study was to analyze the reality of gender inclusiveness of the newly introduced forest management system. Both qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection particularly, semi-structured questionnaire survey, focus group discussions and key informant interviews were employed. Analysis of the data reveals that participatory forest management process in the study area was women’s exclusionary in reality even from the lowest nominal typology of participation to the highest in hierarchy of participation, interactive and empowerment in entire participatory forest management process. The study also identified the exclusionary factors which are constraining gender participation such as exclusionary membership rules, gender division of labour, poor educational back grounds, and poor enactment of already established rules and so on. So, the study suggests serious empowerment and awareness creation interventions should be taken and membership rules and women’s inclusion in key decision-making positions should receive due attention.
Abstract: Governments from the commencement of nation-states have usurped forest management and use rights from local forest dependent societies as they perceive these societies as being opportunistic non-conservationists, thus dismissing their capability to manage their forests on a sustainable basis. As a result of this, the Conventional forest management ...
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Reduction of Irradiation Level for Personnel Working in a Steel Furnace Using NMG Method
Constantin Gheorghies,
Simona Condurache-Bota,
Geta Carac,
Paula Cojocaru,
Lucian Puiu Georgescu,
Catalina Iticescu,
Anotoaneta Ene
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, July 2017
Pages:
87-90
Received:
21 October 2016
Accepted:
5 December 2016
Published:
23 June 2017
Abstract: The humidity of coke introduced into furnace used for preparation of cast-iron plays an important role in development of metallurgical processes. More that its importance results from the necessity to optimization of the energy consumption in the furnace. Therefore, the quick, precise, and in situ measurement of the humidity of coke is necessary and a decisive process in cast-iron preparation. In this aim, the nuclear moisture gauge (NMG) method is successfully used. Two main issues appear in this case. First of them concerns to the NMG calibration and second refers to get rigorous results. The last aspect is linked of the corrections have to be made for the density measurements of coke, during performing of a NMG measurements occurring into continuous flow. During humidity measurements it is necessary to take into consideration of the irradiation level of the workers performing calibration and moisture measurements implied by the NMG. The paper reveals and discusses the results concerning the use of the NMG technique without automatic density correction as compared to the NMG technique which users the automatic density corrections. The humidity of coke used in furnaces was monitored for several months by using both techniques and their results are compared. The linear dependence between the NMG indications and coke humidity is not influenced of the coke granulation. It is concluded that the NMG without automatic density correction gives as good results as the more complicated, much more expensive and, mainly, more radiation exposing of workers NMG method with automatic density correction.
Abstract: The humidity of coke introduced into furnace used for preparation of cast-iron plays an important role in development of metallurgical processes. More that its importance results from the necessity to optimization of the energy consumption in the furnace. Therefore, the quick, precise, and in situ measurement of the humidity of coke is necessary an...
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Paris Agreement and the Regions Adapt Initiave: The Role of Transnational Action in the Adoption and Implementation of Climate Policies
Fernando Rei,
Mariângela Mendes Lomba Pinho
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, July 2017
Pages:
91-96
Received:
27 June 2017
Published:
27 June 2017
Abstract: The Paris Agreement reaffirms the important role of non-Party stakeholders in climate action. This article examines the outcomes of paradiplomatic action undertaken in the adoption and implementation of adaptation climate policies by subnational governments, introducing the Regions Adapt Initiative. The great differential in this project is that this was the first global initiative specifically focused on the theme adaptation. Over the past few decades, a number of initiatives have been implemented to mitigate climate change, but is necessary to go a bit further and take action to adapt to current and future conditions to ensure sustainable development. In some parts of the world the State has already demonstrated that they are not able to act effectively in this segment and this space has been occupied by subnational actors, who become important agents in international relations. While paradiplomacy influenced the adoption of the subnational climate change policies, the ensuing steps necessary for implementing this policy has a significant transnational engagement.
Abstract: The Paris Agreement reaffirms the important role of non-Party stakeholders in climate action. This article examines the outcomes of paradiplomatic action undertaken in the adoption and implementation of adaptation climate policies by subnational governments, introducing the Regions Adapt Initiative. The great differential in this project is that th...
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The Collapse of Indigenous Socio-political Systems in the Horn of Africa: The Case D’irasha Community in South Western Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, July 2017
Pages:
97-106
Received:
13 July 2016
Accepted:
25 January 2017
Published:
10 July 2017
Abstract: The central goal of this study is to expose the Process of the dismantling of indigenous socio-political systems in South Western Ethiopia of the horn of Africa with particular reference the D’irasha community. The study examines the way the Abyssinians political and cultural hegemony destructed social and political values of indigenous communities in the region. It also tries to see the role of other factors like the Italian occupation, the missionary activities and the adherence of socialism by Ethiopian state as contributors. Furthermore, the paper investigates the emergence of the D’irasha as unique ethnic community and the nature of their socio-political organization.
Abstract: The central goal of this study is to expose the Process of the dismantling of indigenous socio-political systems in South Western Ethiopia of the horn of Africa with particular reference the D’irasha community. The study examines the way the Abyssinians political and cultural hegemony destructed social and political values of indigenous communities...
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Prevalence of Anaemia and Associated Factors Among Children Aged 03-06 Years in Rural Haryana
Majra Jai. Pal.,
Pinki,
Verma Ramesh
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, July 2017
Pages:
107-111
Received:
30 January 2017
Accepted:
31 May 2017
Published:
12 July 2017
Abstract: Three fourth among Indian children are reported anaemic. Diet poor in iron are effecting their overall growth and development. In this community based cross sectional study all the children aged 3-6 years attending Anganwadis in the rural Haryana state in India were studied. A Semi-structured, pilot tested questionnaire was used to collect data regarding socio-demographic profile, dietary intake, and utilization of health services. Haemoglobin estimation was done by cyanmethaemoglobin method. SPSS (version 17.0) software was used. Rates, proportion and chi square test were used to analyze the data. Sample size was 402 and response rate was 93.5%. Mean age of the participants was 4.24±0.89 years. The study reported that 271(72.07%) of the children aged between 3-6 years in the study area were anaemic. Anaemia was more prevalent among 177(83.1%) girls, 46(79.3) with Low Birth Weight, 139(85.8%) underweight children and 179(79.9%) children not taking Fruits and Vegetables at least once a day and differences were statistically significant. Prevalence of anaemia among children taking IFA supplementation and de-worming was 10(58.8). The study concludes that all most three fourth of children aged 3-6 years in the study areas were anaemic due to gap in quantity and quality of iron rich foods in their diet. It is recommended to strengthen the IFA supplementation and de-worming program for the children as well create awareness among the community for better use of locally available iron rich foods like fruits/ vegetables and haem-iron rich foods of animal origin.
Abstract: Three fourth among Indian children are reported anaemic. Diet poor in iron are effecting their overall growth and development. In this community based cross sectional study all the children aged 3-6 years attending Anganwadis in the rural Haryana state in India were studied. A Semi-structured, pilot tested questionnaire was used to collect data reg...
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Systematic Studies on Building the High Output Thermoelectric Power Generation
Anjun Jerry Jin,
Yuanming Zhang
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, July 2017
Pages:
112-119
Received:
14 May 2017
Accepted:
31 May 2017
Published:
12 July 2017
Abstract: Authors report a systematic approach in research and development of alternative energy with a focus on thermoelectric (TE) generation. This approach has improved the thermoelectric modules (TEM) and thermoelectric power generator (TEPG) system in the key specification. In particular, they have investigated the details of the TE technology, constructed TEM, and built TEPG in order to achieve large power output and high efficiency. Experimental studies of the in situ characterization station for the thermoelectric module (ICSTEM) discover that the multi stack TEM has significantly improved the efficiency of a system by employing suitable and commensurate TE materials. The ICSTEM is invented to establish precisely a true TEM performance. Typical electrical response curves are studied in terms of IV curve and PV curve. This article has also characterized the output power as a function of the force factor setting and of its demonstrated response curve. Moreover, by connecting various TE prototypes, the total power output shows the scalability by simple superposition. Finally, authors demonstrate the TE device manufacture by the different approaches of advanced manufacturing technologies and explore ways of advanced manufacturing processes.
Abstract: Authors report a systematic approach in research and development of alternative energy with a focus on thermoelectric (TE) generation. This approach has improved the thermoelectric modules (TEM) and thermoelectric power generator (TEPG) system in the key specification. In particular, they have investigated the details of the TE technology, construc...
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Design and Computational Fluid Dynamic Simulation Study of High Efficiency Cross Flow Hydro-power Turbine
Gutu Birhanu Oliy,
Auch Venkata Ramayya
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, July 2017
Pages:
120-125
Received:
26 May 2017
Accepted:
12 June 2017
Published:
18 July 2017
Abstract: Cross-flow hydraulic turbine becomes viable in low head and small water flow rate. Because of its simple in structure and ease of manufacturing, it is familiar in scheme of small hydro-power in the site of the power plant. In order to obtain a cross-flow turbine with maximum efficiency, appropriate turbine design must be performed. Therefore here proper turbine design was done employing the all turbine parameters and computational fluid dynamic simulation was carried out as important tool for performance study of the turbine. The required turbine model was designed and computational fluid dynamics simulations was performed by using the commercial software ANSYS CFX v.12. After the high efficiency turbine was designed, computational fluid dynamics was conducted in order to validate the obtained solution. With attack angle of 180, maximum efficiency was found to be 82.52% constant for different values of head and water flow rate. Where as in CFD simulation case, maximum efficiency became 79% with fully opened guide vane. Guide vane was set at position where the water is discharge through the runner fully. In this paper all design parameters of cross-flow turbine were calculated at maximum efficiency and simulation was done by opening turbine gate value at different stages.
Abstract: Cross-flow hydraulic turbine becomes viable in low head and small water flow rate. Because of its simple in structure and ease of manufacturing, it is familiar in scheme of small hydro-power in the site of the power plant. In order to obtain a cross-flow turbine with maximum efficiency, appropriate turbine design must be performed. Therefore here p...
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Review on Vehicle Detection Based on Video Processing
Jiao Zhiyuan,
Xing Yanfeng
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, July 2017
Pages:
126-130
Received:
19 May 2017
Accepted:
2 June 2017
Published:
18 July 2017
Abstract: Compared with traditional vehicle detectors, video sensor has lots of advantages, i.e., easy installation and maintenance, wide monitoring areas, obtaining more kinds of traffic parameters and etc, so it has been widely used in Intelligent Traffic Systems. On this basis, discuss about the vehicle detection methods based on feature, model checking, frame difference, optical flow field. At the same time, the verification method is introduced, and the advantages and disadvantages of various algorithms are analyzed and compared. Finally, some suggestions for future research and application are presented, for example, vehicle detection is carried out by using a variety of detection methods and multi detector information fusion.
Abstract: Compared with traditional vehicle detectors, video sensor has lots of advantages, i.e., easy installation and maintenance, wide monitoring areas, obtaining more kinds of traffic parameters and etc, so it has been widely used in Intelligent Traffic Systems. On this basis, discuss about the vehicle detection methods based on feature, model checking, ...
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A New Procedure for Porous Material Characterization
Chavdar Chilev,
Yana Stoycheva,
Moussa Dicko,
Farida Lamari,
Patrick Langlois,
Ivan Pentchev
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, July 2017
Pages:
131-140
Received:
28 May 2017
Accepted:
22 June 2017
Published:
24 July 2017
Abstract: A new procedure for quantitative characterization of different types of solid materials is proposed. The technique is based on the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis results of porous materials and their processing by the software ImageJ. Several types of porous adsorbents AX21, AC35, GAC250, ACENO and IRH3 activated carbons were investigated. Based on SEM analysis, different characteristics of the samples such as porosity, pore size distribution, bed particles porosity can be obtained. In this study, the particle size, the average macropore size and pore size distributions (PSD) of samples were determined with a new procedure for SEM analysis treatment using ImageJ software. Three distribution functions (Gamma, Weibull and Lognormal) were selected to describe the experimental results. The Lognormal distribution fitted more accurately the experimental data.
Abstract: A new procedure for quantitative characterization of different types of solid materials is proposed. The technique is based on the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis results of porous materials and their processing by the software ImageJ. Several types of porous adsorbents AX21, AC35, GAC250, ACENO and IRH3 activated carbons were investiga...
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