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Line Balancing for Improving Apparel Production by Operator Skill Matrix
Md. Mazharul Islam,
Md. Tanjim Hossain,
Mohammad Abdul Jalil,
Elias Khalil
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, July 2015
Pages:
101-106
Received:
9 May 2015
Accepted:
20 May 2015
Published:
2 June 2015
Abstract: In this modern world, fashion & styles are changing frequently. The emergence of fast changes in fashion has given rise to shorten production cycle time in the garment industry. To meet the dynamic customer demands of momentous quantities in shorten lead time, assembly line production systems are used, where the garment components are assembled into a finished garment through a sub-assembly process. So in the era of product customization, the optimal usage of resources especially the available facilities & operators who are adding the value of product is important. Therefore the assembly line has to be planned in much more flexible way. This paper deals with the maximum utilization of manpower in labor intensive assembly lines. The objective is to accurately delegate workers to the various operations required to complete the product based on their skill & experience so as to achieve the highest level of productivity and delivery as per planned target. The experimental result showed meaningful improvement in productivity as compared to the existing system.
Abstract: In this modern world, fashion & styles are changing frequently. The emergence of fast changes in fashion has given rise to shorten production cycle time in the garment industry. To meet the dynamic customer demands of momentous quantities in shorten lead time, assembly line production systems are used, where the garment components are assembled int...
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Partial Substitution of Barely Malt by Effective Use of Selected Secondary Starch Crops in Brewing Technology by Saccharomyces Cerevisiae (Case Example of Dashen Brewery)
Temesgen Atnafu Yemata,
Getasew Abebaw Wube
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, July 2015
Pages:
107-110
Received:
31 January 2015
Accepted:
22 May 2015
Published:
4 June 2015
Abstract: In this study partial substitute of barley malt by effective use of maize, potato and enset were investigated using saccharomyces cervisiae. Barley malt is the principal ingredient in the manufacturing of beer and has traditionally been the grain of choice in the brewing industry. However, it is not always economically feasible to brew with 100% malted barley, and at present time breweries are forced to minimize their costs without changing the quality of their beer. Therefore, this study was utilized Maize, Potato and Enset starch as a partial substitute for barley malt and to evaluate some physico-chemical quality attributes of the beer. All the experiments were conducted Dashen Brewery S.C, Ethiopia. The beer underwent four series of experiments in triplicate involving the starch from the three crops (50%, 62.5% and 75% starch substitute from each) with full barley malt serving as a control. The major attributes of the beer (alcohol content & flavor) were evaluated for each of the 50%, 62.5% and 75% substitutes from the three crops with reference to the control beer. The results showed that 75% substitution of barley malt with Maize and Enset starch is promising in the beer production.
Abstract: In this study partial substitute of barley malt by effective use of maize, potato and enset were investigated using saccharomyces cervisiae. Barley malt is the principal ingredient in the manufacturing of beer and has traditionally been the grain of choice in the brewing industry. However, it is not always economically feasible to brew with 100% ma...
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Weld Quality Assurance Practices in the Metal Welding Industries in Ghana
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, July 2015
Pages:
111-119
Received:
5 May 2015
Accepted:
20 May 2015
Published:
4 June 2015
Abstract: This study investigates the weld quality assurance practices in the metal welding industries in Ghana. The data for the study were collected using questionnaire, interview and personal discussions. One hundred and twenty informal sector welders, 80 formal sector welders, and 25 welding hardware shops/dealers were contained in the analyzed sample. The results of the analysis revealed that majority of the welding industries in the country lack weld quality assurance standards, weld quality testing equipments and materials as well as personnel to help assure weld quality practices in the metal welding industries. Also, equipments and materials for welding inspection and testing are not readily available in the welding hardware shops in the country. Moreover, even though most of the welders in the country have considerable years of working experience, they lack the skills of ensuring quality in their welding activities due to low levels of technical training. To instill professionalism into the welding industry, the suppliers should import the weld quality testing equipments into the country to be made available to the welders. The welders and the suppliers should take advantage of training programs offered by the training institutions in the country to enable them upgrade and update their knowledge and skills in weld quality assurance practices. The Government, the banks and other corporate organizations should help establish industries solely to produce more of the weld quality testing equipments locally in the country. This indeed, will help create more jobs and reduce the unemployment rates in the country.
Abstract: This study investigates the weld quality assurance practices in the metal welding industries in Ghana. The data for the study were collected using questionnaire, interview and personal discussions. One hundred and twenty informal sector welders, 80 formal sector welders, and 25 welding hardware shops/dealers were contained in the analyzed sample. T...
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Electro-Gravitational Effect
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, July 2015
Pages:
120-123
Received:
14 May 2015
Accepted:
23 May 2015
Published:
5 June 2015
Abstract: Unity of force fields have been considered by Scientists long time ago. On relation with four fundamental forces the unification of the weak nuclear and electromagnetic forces was formulated and proved by Professor Abduls Salam before. Also significant progress has been made In relation to electrical and strong nuclear forces unity. Following article is clearly proof electro-gravitational field according to the «Electro gravitational effect». According to the theoretical calculations there is a difference weight between weighing a magnet from different pols(without the neglect able magnetic effect of earth) .The difference , which is practically proved in a good approximation , confirms the accuracy of claim.
Abstract: Unity of force fields have been considered by Scientists long time ago. On relation with four fundamental forces the unification of the weak nuclear and electromagnetic forces was formulated and proved by Professor Abduls Salam before. Also significant progress has been made In relation to electrical and strong nuclear forces unity. Following artic...
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Development of Indigeneous Engineering and Technology in Nigeria for Sustainable Development Through Promotion of Smes (Case of Design of Manually Operated Paper Recycling Plant)
Adefemi Adeodu,
Ilesanmi Daniyan,
Charles Omohimoria,
Samuel Afolabi
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, July 2015
Pages:
124-131
Received:
12 May 2015
Accepted:
26 May 2015
Published:
6 June 2015
Abstract: Existence of small and medium scale businesses are essential to the growth and sustenance of any economy. SMEs serve as propellant to the development of large existing industries. Nevertheless, the rate of failure of SMEs globally is alarming. Notable in Nigeria as a case, the economy is suffering from structural defects and remains a consumer economy as a result of failure of indigenous engineering personnel to understand and take the lead role to process and utilize abundant natural resources for industrial development of the country. This paper presents an overview of development of indigenous technology in Nigeria through promotion of engineering based SMEs as a capacity building strategy for sustainable development and poverty alleviation. It is concluded that in order to achieve meaningful economic development and sustenance in developing nations like Nigeria, application of indigenous technology through promotion of engineering based SMEs should be considered. Also increase awareness among the public, policy maker and industrialist on the pivotal role of science and technology plays in national development.
Abstract: Existence of small and medium scale businesses are essential to the growth and sustenance of any economy. SMEs serve as propellant to the development of large existing industries. Nevertheless, the rate of failure of SMEs globally is alarming. Notable in Nigeria as a case, the economy is suffering from structural defects and remains a consumer econ...
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CFD Analysis on Flow Through a Resistance Muffler of LCV Diesel Engine
Pradyumna Saripalli,
K. Sankaranarayana
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, July 2015
Pages:
132-145
Received:
17 May 2015
Accepted:
26 May 2015
Published:
8 June 2015
Abstract: The exhaust pollution has become one of the important problems of environment pollution with applications in automobile industry, and the exhausted muffler has been paid attention to improve the performance of engines. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method was used to explore the aerodynamic performance of the muffler. Resistance muffler research relates with the fields of acoustics, fluid dynamics, heat transfer and mechanism design. The project report simulates the field by numerical method with Cosmos Flow and analyses the effect which the internal flow field has on the performance of the muffler. With this method the pressure distribution in the muffler is simulated and the pressure loss is predicted for the structure modification. The experiment results verify that the assembly performance of the muffler modified is better than the original muffler.
Abstract: The exhaust pollution has become one of the important problems of environment pollution with applications in automobile industry, and the exhausted muffler has been paid attention to improve the performance of engines. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method was used to explore the aerodynamic performance of the muffler. Resistance muffler resear...
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Embedded ECG Based Real Time Monitoring and Control of Driver Drowsiness Condition
M. Sangeetha,
S. Kalpanadevi,
M. Rajendiran,
G. Malathi
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, July 2015
Pages:
146-150
Received:
5 March 2015
Accepted:
5 May 2015
Published:
17 June 2015
Abstract: In recent years preventing accidents under drowsiness state has become a major focus for active safety driving. To reduce the accidents rate, it is needed to provide an efficient safety measure. Literature says that, the drowsiness condition of driver is best monitored by using an eye blink sensor (or) fabric electrode (or) ECG Sensor. But by monitoring the drowsiness condition alone, the accidents cannot be avoided, unless vehicle speed is controlled. To overcome this problem, the proposed system is implemented with a handheld hardware model designed with ARM and an embedded electrocardiogram electrode which measures the heart rate of the driver. The electrode is fixed in the right thumb and left index finger of the driver to monitor the drowsiness condition. If the system identifies that the driver is in drowsy state, it follows the sequence of operation like alters the driver by a buzzer, sends a warning signal to the control room, monitor and control the speed of the vehicle by cutting the fuel supply to the engine. In addition to that, the LED fixed at the backside of vehicle alerts the rear vehicles to reduce its speed. The proposed idea verified using Lab VIEW software is also discussed.
Abstract: In recent years preventing accidents under drowsiness state has become a major focus for active safety driving. To reduce the accidents rate, it is needed to provide an efficient safety measure. Literature says that, the drowsiness condition of driver is best monitored by using an eye blink sensor (or) fabric electrode (or) ECG Sensor. But by monit...
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Organochloride Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Human Breast Milk: Case Study in the Suburbs of Hue City, Vietnam
Nguyen Van Hop,
Vu Thi Kim Loan,
Thuy Chau To
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, July 2015
Pages:
151-155
Received:
22 May 2015
Accepted:
7 June 2015
Published:
23 June 2015
Abstract: Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs, including DDTs and HCHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were detected in 64 human breast milk samples collected from lactating mothers living in three communes and two wards in the suburbs of Hue city, Central Vietnam in 2010 and in 2011. Assessment of health risk for breast fed babies was conducted, basing on estimation of estimated daily intake (EDI) of the pollutants (OCPs and PCBs) by the babies and then comparing with tolerable daily intake (according to the guideline of Canada Health Agency). The results obtained showed that the EDIs were much lower than the TDIs.
Abstract: Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs, including DDTs and HCHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were detected in 64 human breast milk samples collected from lactating mothers living in three communes and two wards in the suburbs of Hue city, Central Vietnam in 2010 and in 2011. Assessment of health risk for breast fed babies was conducted, basing on...
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Vertical Profiling and Contamination Risk Assessment of Some Trace Metals in Lagos Lagoon Axis
Popoola Samuel Olatunde,
Nubi Olubunmi Ayoola,
Oyatola Opeyemi Otolorin,
Adekunbi Falilu Olaiwola,
Fabunmi Gaffar Idera,
Nwoko Chidinma Jecinta
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, July 2015
Pages:
156-163
Received:
21 May 2015
Accepted:
3 June 2015
Published:
25 June 2015
Abstract: Lagos Harbour (a Lagos lagoon axis) serves as a route for goods transportation, coupled with proliferation of urban and industrial establishments. The socioeconomic activities within has often led to the introduction of substantial wastes, marine debris and spills into the harbor. In an attempt to monitor the pollution status of aquatic organisms in the Lagos Lagoon axis, vertical profiling of the trace metal contents was carried out to reveal, the vertical variations in the monthly trends of; Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Mn, Ni, and Fe between August and October,2014.Chemical analysis was carried out in the Nigerian institute for oceanography and marine research (NIOMR) wet and instrumentation laboratory, using aqua regia digestion methods and 200AA series Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The observed levels of the trace metals shows a decreasing order of abundance; Fe > Cr > Pb > Mn> Ni > Zn > Cu; Fe > Pb > Cr > Ni > Mn > Zn >Cu and Fe > Cr > Pb > Ni > Mn > Zn > Cu for 0.2meters, 2.6meters and 5.2meters respective depth profile. This study reveal a general contamination trends; medium depth (2.6m) > bottom depth (5.2m) > surface depth (0.2m). Higher metal concentrations were observed in October. All observed trace metals except Cu, Zn and Fe exhibit high contamination ratio. The trace metals distributions in the study area are majorly controlled by; precipitations, dilution, anthropogenic activities and Sea/fresh water incursion from the Atlantic Ocean and the adjourning creeks. A strong regulation in the indiscriminate waste dump and a check in the socioeconomic activities in the Lagos Harbour are very essential.
Abstract: Lagos Harbour (a Lagos lagoon axis) serves as a route for goods transportation, coupled with proliferation of urban and industrial establishments. The socioeconomic activities within has often led to the introduction of substantial wastes, marine debris and spills into the harbor. In an attempt to monitor the pollution status of aquatic organisms i...
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Assessment of the Effect of Urban Road Surface Drainage: A Case Study at Ginjo Guduru Kebele of Jimma Town
Getachew Kebede Warati,
Tamene Adugna Demissie
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, July 2015
Pages:
164-173
Received:
15 May 2015
Accepted:
14 June 2015
Published:
1 July 2015
Abstract: Drainage is one of the most important factors to be considered in the road design, construction and maintenance projects. It is generally accepted that road structures work well and last longer to give the desired service. When a road fails, whether it is concrete, asphalt or gravel, inadequate drainage is often a major factor to be considered. Researchers have shown that poor drainage is often the main cause of road damages and problems with long term road serviceability. Though provision of proper road surface drainage systems have such a great importance for the urban road to give the intended use and thereby contribute to the overall development of a nation, in particular in road sector, the practice of the construction of proper integrated drainage structures did not get due attention in our country in general and Jimma town in particular for many years. Therefore the problems and achievements on the design, construction and maintenance of surface road drainage systems need to be assessed to provide remedial measures for the better performance of the road infrastructure. The objective of this study was to assess road surface water drainage problems and its net-work integration systems in Ginjo Guduru Kebele of Jimma town. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Ginjo Guduru Kebele of Jimma town from January to August 2014.The data collected was then be analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively, and the result of the study thus presented in tables and in themes. From the study made, generally it was observed that the road surface drainage found to be inadequate due insufficient road profile, insufficient drainage structures provision, improper maintenance and lack of proper interconnections between the road and drainage infrastructures thereby resulting damages to road surface material and flooding in the area.
Abstract: Drainage is one of the most important factors to be considered in the road design, construction and maintenance projects. It is generally accepted that road structures work well and last longer to give the desired service. When a road fails, whether it is concrete, asphalt or gravel, inadequate drainage is often a major factor to be considered. Res...
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A Review of Distributed Generation Resource Types and Their Mathematical Models for Power Flow Analysis
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, July 2015
Pages:
174-182
Received:
28 November 2014
Accepted:
4 January 2015
Published:
2 July 2015
Abstract: The emergence of Distributed Generation (DG) in distribution network has changed the configuration of this century’s power system in terms of power flow. The reason for this is that DG affects the power flow and voltage conditions in the distribution system; contrary to its traditional unidirectional nature in radial configuration. It is worth mentioning that the change in the direction of power flow is not limited to the distribution network, but can as well extend to the transmission or sub-transmission systems, especially when DG penetration is high. This paper gives an overview of DG types and modeling techniques of the DG for power flow analysis during planning and operations. Various DG technologies are highlighted, different models of DGs are presented and some key challenges ahead with current drive towards smart grid networks is also discussed.
Abstract: The emergence of Distributed Generation (DG) in distribution network has changed the configuration of this century’s power system in terms of power flow. The reason for this is that DG affects the power flow and voltage conditions in the distribution system; contrary to its traditional unidirectional nature in radial configuration. It is worth ment...
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Experimental and Numerical Study of Free Convective Heat Transfer on the Triangular Fin for the Optimum Condition of Gap's Configuration
Goshayeshi Hamid Reza,
Hashemi Bahman
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, July 2015
Pages:
183-190
Received:
29 May 2015
Accepted:
18 June 2015
Published:
2 July 2015
Abstract: In this study, the effect of different conditions for making gap in the triangular fin has been investigated on the free convective heat transfer coefficient. Making gap in suitable places on the monolith triangular fins can increase the free convective heat transfer coefficient, so the purpose of this study is to reach the optimum condition of configuration for gaps by which the free convective heat transfer coefficient is increased. For this purpose, eight different conditions of vertical triangular fins located on a vertical plate were made and investigated. One of these conditions doesn't have gap and the other seven conditions had different kinds of gaps configuration. The obtained results showed that the optimum condition is a condition with the configuration of three gaps on the length of the triangular fin. Also for validation of experimental results, the numerical modeling of all the above mentioned conditions was done by using the fluent software.
Abstract: In this study, the effect of different conditions for making gap in the triangular fin has been investigated on the free convective heat transfer coefficient. Making gap in suitable places on the monolith triangular fins can increase the free convective heat transfer coefficient, so the purpose of this study is to reach the optimum condition of con...
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Used Oil Storage and Disposal Practices in Automobile Repair Garages in Ghana
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, July 2015
Pages:
191-201
Received:
6 June 2015
Accepted:
21 June 2015
Published:
4 July 2015
Abstract: This study investigates the used oil storage and disposal practices in automobile repair garages in Ghana. The data for the study were collected using questionnaire, observations and personal discussions. One hundred and fifty informal sector garages and 100 formal sector garages made up the analyzed sample size. The results of the analysis reveal that a very large majority of the auto repair garages in the country lack used oil storage and disposal standards. Also, the garages do not organize training programs to educate and sensitize the mechanics about the health and environmental hazards of used oils. Again, proper used oil storage and disposal practices are virtually absent in the auto repair garages, coupled with lack of licensed used oil collection centers, transporters and recyclers in the country. This therefore, has caused used oil generators in the country to engage in an undesirable used oil disposal practices which pollute the environment excessively. To help address this issue, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-Ghana’s by-laws on used oil handling and disposal practices must be vigorously enforced. The EPA must also intensify its visits to the garages to educate and sensitize them on proper used oil storage and disposal practices. The Government, the Banks, philanthropies and wealthy individuals in the country should help establish used oil collection centers in the country to enable the mechanics sell off their generated used oils for recycling. Government must assistant the endowed garages in the country to enable them develop the capability to recycle their generated used oils. This will help create more jobs and enhance the revenue base of government as a result of cut downs on the importations of virgin motor oils into the country.
Abstract: This study investigates the used oil storage and disposal practices in automobile repair garages in Ghana. The data for the study were collected using questionnaire, observations and personal discussions. One hundred and fifty informal sector garages and 100 formal sector garages made up the analyzed sample size. The results of the analysis reveal ...
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Maturity and Safety of Compost Processed in HV and TW Composting Systems
Kutsanedzie F.,
Ofori V.,
Diaba K. S.
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, July 2015
Pages:
202-209
Received:
19 June 2015
Accepted:
2 July 2015
Published:
14 July 2015
Abstract: Two composting systems: passive aerated system, horizontal-vertical system; active aerated system, turned windrow system was designed, constructed and studied for thirteen weeks to compare the maturity and safety of compost processed in them. Waste materials with the following percentage composition: river reed (75%), clay (10%), banana stalk / stem (5%), cow manure / dung (4%), rice chaff (4%), cocoa seed husk (1%), and poultry manure (1%) was processed in the two different systems. Compost materials were weekly sampled from top, bottom and mid portions of the compost masses in each of the systems and bulked to constitute a representative sample for the respective systems. From the weekly representative samples for the two systems, 5g subsamples were used for the determination of the germination index and microbial load for the compost masses. However temperature readings of the compost masses in both systems were recorded insitu daily at three different points using a long stem thermometer and the their respective averages used as the weekly readings for the systems. Temperature and the germination indices of composts processed in the two systems were used as parameters to assess the maturity; and the microbial load and its survival to assess the safety of the compost churned out. There were significant differences in the temperatures recorded in the two different systems during the composting period (p-value = 4.75 x 10-7, at α = 0.05). The total viable counts recorded in HV and TW ranged between 6.90 - 7.75logCFU/g of compost and 7.11–7.79logCFU/g of compost respectively which were significantly different (p-value = 0.027, at α = 0.05). The total fungi counts recorded in HV and T-W ranged between 1.11 – 2.32logCFU/g of compost and 1.68 - 2.40logCFU/g of compost respectively. Compost masses in all the systems had germination indices more than 150%.T-W had a higher rate of decomposition and maturity comparatively, hence a better composting system based on compost maturity. Penicillium spp. survived the process and it is known to produces mycotoxins which cause illnesses in humans. It is recommended that compost end-users, farmers, and producers use protectives and observe good hygiene in order to safeguard their health.
Abstract: Two composting systems: passive aerated system, horizontal-vertical system; active aerated system, turned windrow system was designed, constructed and studied for thirteen weeks to compare the maturity and safety of compost processed in them. Waste materials with the following percentage composition: river reed (75%), clay (10%), banana stalk / ste...
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Deciding Novelty of Submitted Manuscript
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, July 2015
Pages:
210-213
Received:
4 July 2015
Accepted:
10 July 2015
Published:
17 July 2015
Abstract: The paper developed a framework for deciding the novelty of submitted manuscripts. The importance of novelty and objective decision of the novelty of submitted manuscripts is identified. A brief exposition on the meaning of novelty is presented and used as basis to form mathematical expressions to quantify the novelty of submitted manuscripts. The developed framework will be found more useful in objective decision of the novelty of submitted manuscripts as opposed to the current frustrating subjective methodology adopted by editors and reviewers world over.
Abstract: The paper developed a framework for deciding the novelty of submitted manuscripts. The importance of novelty and objective decision of the novelty of submitted manuscripts is identified. A brief exposition on the meaning of novelty is presented and used as basis to form mathematical expressions to quantify the novelty of submitted manuscripts. The ...
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An Overview on Voltage Stability Indices as Indicators of Voltage Stability for Networks with Distributed Generations Penetration
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, July 2015
Pages:
214-219
Received:
23 June 2015
Accepted:
1 July 2015
Published:
22 July 2015
Abstract: The increase in Distributed Generation (DG) penetration in distribution network can be used as a means of addressing the increasing load demand without the upgrade of transmission lines. However, this increasing demand despite the supplementary supply from DG sources can cause the system to operate at its maximum capacity or at point of voltage collapse. It therefore, becomes necessary to determine the maximum capacity limit of the system before voltage collapse occurs due to instability. This paper reviews the concept of voltage stability index (VSI) as an indicator of a weak bus that is closed to its maximum allowable limit or the most critical line to voltage collapse in a network. The review also evaluates various voltage stability indices including those originally developed for transmission systems. Subsequently, their adequacies are quantitatively compared and from the comparison, it is observed that the existing voltage stability indices would be inadequate for assessing the most sensitive bus or line on the verge of voltage collapse for modern distribution systems.
Abstract: The increase in Distributed Generation (DG) penetration in distribution network can be used as a means of addressing the increasing load demand without the upgrade of transmission lines. However, this increasing demand despite the supplementary supply from DG sources can cause the system to operate at its maximum capacity or at point of voltage col...
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Exploration of Pertinent Apparel Production Systems for Bangladeshi Clothing Industries
Nasrin Ferdous,
Reashad Bin Kabir
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, July 2015
Pages:
220-224
Received:
6 July 2015
Accepted:
18 July 2015
Published:
25 July 2015
Abstract: Like most industries that adopt a reactive manufacturing strategy, the clothing industry changes only when external forces dictate that the current approach or strategy will no longer satisfy the prevailing business environment. This paper presents the Apparel Manufacturing Systems and discusses the underlying premises that support the success of Apparel Production Systems both in the formative stages and during sustained operation. A review of the known origins of manufacturing processes illustrate how the production system can be used to advantage for clothing manufacture. No single solution fits all products/tasks in fully optimizing Socio technical System (STS), given different technologies, environment and people, etc. An attempt was made in this paper to show the handy uses of diverse production system in Bangladeshi Garments Industries.
Abstract: Like most industries that adopt a reactive manufacturing strategy, the clothing industry changes only when external forces dictate that the current approach or strategy will no longer satisfy the prevailing business environment. This paper presents the Apparel Manufacturing Systems and discusses the underlying premises that support the success of A...
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