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An Overview of VIS-NIR Laboratory Spectroscopy Technique as Applied to the Analysis of Engineering Index Properties of a Geologic Material
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, May 2014
Pages:
33-39
Received:
17 April 2014
Accepted:
9 May 2014
Published:
20 May 2014
Abstract: The paper examine and describe the hypothesis that ”the soil spectroscopy is a useful technique in the analysis of engineering index properties of a geologic material, which might lead to a better understanding of the deposit and a full understanding of its engineering geology”. Specifically, it was investigated whether spectral techniques can be used to determine material provenance and geotechnical conditions. In the Visible/Near-Infrared (VNIR) and Short Wave Infrared (SWIR), many materials absorb radiation at specific wavelengths, allowing their identification by the position and character of absorption features. This helps in introducing the scientific principles of visible and near reflective spectroscopy with relation to the engineering index properties of a geologic material. The methodology used involves the use of Laboratory investigations which provides valuable information in the geotechnical interpretation and laboratory spectral techniques. This can allowed a study area to be characterized in terms of geology, geomorphology, geotechnical and spectral properties. This paper will therefore present an overview of the visible through NIR (Near infrared) laboratory spectroscopy with a brief summary of theory and application. The research also shows how reflective spectroscopy is as an extremely useful and efficient technique that can be use for the analysis of the engineering properties of a geologic material. The study tries to investigate the effectiveness of soil spectroscopy method on the London Clay Formation.
Abstract: The paper examine and describe the hypothesis that ”the soil spectroscopy is a useful technique in the analysis of engineering index properties of a geologic material, which might lead to a better understanding of the deposit and a full understanding of its engineering geology”. Specifically, it was investigated whether spectral techniques can be u...
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Design of a Semi Automated De-Lidding Machine for SMEs Bakeries
Rujeko Masike,
Donald Museka,
Rufaro Aaron Taderera
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, May 2014
Pages:
40-45
Received:
15 April 2014
Accepted:
7 May 2014
Published:
20 May 2014
Abstract: A semi-automated de-lidding machine which removes lids from baking pans was designed. Modeling of the design was done using mechanical design calculations. The results were simulated using AUTODESK for Finite Element Analysis to validate the model. Centered on technology transfer and the national economic recovery blueprint under the value addition and beneficiation cluster, this research aims to automate and hence improve productivity in bakeries using mechanical design calculations and finite element analysis. The machine has a picking and placing unit that uses electromagnetism, coupled with a chain for material handling and a control circuit. The automated system comprises of pneumatic cylinders, electromagnet, banner sensor and conveyor chain. The machine was able to increase the lid removal rate by 26%.
Abstract: A semi-automated de-lidding machine which removes lids from baking pans was designed. Modeling of the design was done using mechanical design calculations. The results were simulated using AUTODESK for Finite Element Analysis to validate the model. Centered on technology transfer and the national economic recovery blueprint under the value addition...
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Technical Advantages of Alternative Process Flowsheets for Itakpe Iron Ore
AJAKA Ebenezer Oyedele,
AKANDE Jide Muili,
Adesina A.
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, May 2014
Pages:
46-52
Received:
6 May 2014
Accepted:
20 May 2014
Published:
30 May 2014
Abstract: Every mineral processing plant flowsheet is selected from several possible alternatives because an ore may be processed using a number of recovery techniques. The flowsheet that is finally selected must have certain technical or economic advantages over the others. In a redesign process of the Nigerian Iron Ore mining Company (NIOMCO) processing plant, Itakpe, five design options (described here as New Design Options A, B and C and Improved Existing Plant Options A and B) were developed as alternatives to the existing plant. Concentrates’ properties, recovery ratio or efficiency and efficiency ratio are the technical parameters used as measure of plant performance. The properties analyzed for comparism include iron mineral content of the concentrate, total concentrate weight, concentrate grade, percent recovery and loss. The analyses were done by stepwise iteration of all streams in the flowsheet from comminution to the final concentrate. The results of the analyses show that the concentrate that has the best value for the new iron ore plant options is that produced by the new plant design option C (which employs floatation as the only recovery process) which has a concentrate grade of 70% iron mineral content representing a recovery of 95% and a loss of 5% respectively. This gives the best overall performance.
Abstract: Every mineral processing plant flowsheet is selected from several possible alternatives because an ore may be processed using a number of recovery techniques. The flowsheet that is finally selected must have certain technical or economic advantages over the others. In a redesign process of the Nigerian Iron Ore mining Company (NIOMCO) processing pl...
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Importance of Blast-Design in Reduction of Blast-Induced Vibrations
AJAKA,
Ebenezer Oyedele,
ADESIDA,
Patrick Adeniyi
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, May 2014
Pages:
53-58
Received:
6 May 2014
Accepted:
17 May 2014
Published:
30 May 2014
Abstract: The dissipated energy generated during blasting creates environmental problems in the form of ground vibration, air overpressure and flyrock. With increasing mining and construction activities in areas close to human settlements, ground vibration has become a critical environmental issue as it can cause human annoyance and structural damage. The magnitude of ground movement was measured in term of Peak Particle Velocity (PPV) with the aid of USS 2000-DK Seismograph. Site constant K, and site geological factor m were determined for both quarries by plotting the log-log graph of the maximum PPV against scaled distance. The data collected for the twenty blasting activities in each of the quarry sites have shown that the peak particle velocities (PPV) recorded varied directly with the charge weight per delay but inversely with scaled distance (SD) and shot to monitored distance for both selected sedimentary and igneous rock. A comparative analysis between the results obtained for constant charge per delay of 1000 kg, and monitoring distance of 500 m, 750 m and 1000 m were carried out. The magnitude of vibration for limestone is about twice that of granite at 300 m from the shot point and increase to about five times at 2200 m. This is evident when considering the main mechanisms which contribute to ground motion dissipation such as; damping of ground vibrations which cause lower ground vibration frequencies with increasing distance, discontinuities causing reflection, refraction and diffraction, internal friction causing frequency dependent attenuation, which is greater for coarser grained rocks and geometrical spreading of rock.
Abstract: The dissipated energy generated during blasting creates environmental problems in the form of ground vibration, air overpressure and flyrock. With increasing mining and construction activities in areas close to human settlements, ground vibration has become a critical environmental issue as it can cause human annoyance and structural damage. The ma...
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Comparison of Different Methods of Application of Neural Network on Soil Profile of Khartoum State
Hussein Elarabi,
N. F. Taha
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, May 2014
Pages:
59-62
Received:
7 May 2014
Accepted:
23 May 2014
Published:
30 May 2014
Abstract: Within the last years, four methods have been developed to predict the soil profile and its parameters in Sudan. However, a method making such predictions with the required degree of accuracy and consistency has not yet been developed. In this paper, artificial neural networks, ANNs are used in an attempt to compare between these methods by applying them on large zone contains many sites to select a unified method. A large database of actual measured is used to develop and verify the ANN model. The predicted soil profile found by utilizing ANNs is compared between them. The results indicate that ANNs are a useful technique for predicting the soil profile and its parameters when using anyone of the compared methods.
Abstract: Within the last years, four methods have been developed to predict the soil profile and its parameters in Sudan. However, a method making such predictions with the required degree of accuracy and consistency has not yet been developed. In this paper, artificial neural networks, ANNs are used in an attempt to compare between these methods by applyin...
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