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Design and Analysis of a PLCC Based Home Automation System
M. Gowsalya,
M. Barathi Selvaraj,
S. E. Murthy,
K. Yadhiri
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2, March 2015
Pages:
36-39
Received:
27 January 2015
Accepted:
6 February 2015
Published:
16 February 2015
Abstract: Traditional metering method is not a convenient for energy measurement and billing. It is more difficult to calculate the bill amount to be paid by a particular user based on the energy consumed and to feed the value to the Electricity Board. This paper aims a new approach for data security and transmission of data using Power Line Carrier Communication (PLCC). This system has an immediate access to the consumer residence in an area with the central board using PLCC. The ARM based system continuously monitors and records the Energy consumption. The smart meter in each residence is connected by central board through the power line. The smart meter calculates the amount to be paid according to the units consumed and also it notify the status of the load connected with it. With help of PLCC the data can transceived from the individual appliances. The data are energy consumption, cost and usage time. The data were transferred from smart meter to knowledge base. This system has the advantages of doing Energy auditing in an area and to find out the losses in the distribution system. LabVIEW software is used to view the output of the individual appliances.
Abstract: Traditional metering method is not a convenient for energy measurement and billing. It is more difficult to calculate the bill amount to be paid by a particular user based on the energy consumed and to feed the value to the Electricity Board. This paper aims a new approach for data security and transmission of data using Power Line Carrier Communic...
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The Impact of Gas Flaring in Nigeria
Omoniyi Omotayo Adewale,
Ubale Mustapha
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2, March 2015
Pages:
40-50
Received:
9 February 2015
Accepted:
26 February 2015
Published:
4 March 2015
Abstract: Nowadays, petroleum hydrocarbons are widely used as fuels for energy and power generation. However, the production of such fuels complements the flaring of gas in Nigeria. Therefore, this research investigates the various ways in which gas flaring affects the populace of the Niger Delta region of Nigeria, which is the bedrock of Nigeria’s current oil and gas resources. Also, the research work attempts to offer solutions on how a feasible and reliable gas industry and market can be developed in Nigeria. The research makes use of literatures relevant to gas flaring, and a questionnaire was distributed to three states namely; AkwaI bom, Rivers and Bayelsa. To figure out the environmental, social and economic impacts of gas flaring in those areas, a thorough research led to findings that gas flaring causes health problems for the people, a damaged and unsustainable environment, as well as socio-economic problems. Furthermore, the research shows recommendations for solutions on the development of a viable gas industry, and also economic prospects in relation to the development of a proper gas plan in Nigeria.
Abstract: Nowadays, petroleum hydrocarbons are widely used as fuels for energy and power generation. However, the production of such fuels complements the flaring of gas in Nigeria. Therefore, this research investigates the various ways in which gas flaring affects the populace of the Niger Delta region of Nigeria, which is the bedrock of Nigeria’s current o...
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Putting Science into Farmer Practice: Validation of the Salt and Bottle Method to Determine Grain Moisture in Stored Maize
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2, March 2015
Pages:
51-54
Received:
3 February 2015
Accepted:
19 February 2015
Published:
6 March 2015
Abstract: Maize storage among rural farmers is a common practice to conserve grain for future use and income generation. Storage is done in a variety of structures with the aim to maintain quality at an acceptable level. Farmers and other players in the grain trade know the negative influence of moisture and well dried grain stores better irrespective of the structure used. Introduction of metal silos for storage to reduce pest damage and the reliance on toxic chemicals for their control, did not address grain drying. Natural drying, a common practice among farmers has played vital role but with the new technology, a method that would determine when grain was adequately dry was needed. The Catholic Relief Services introduced the ‘salt and bottle’ method which works on the principle that dry salt does not stick on to a dry surface. The question was, at what moisture level would salt not stick to grain surface? The answer was provided through a laboratory assessment on maize samples collected from farmers in three dioceses, which indicated that between 12% and 16% grain moisture, negligible amounts of salt stuck on grain. At moisture above 12% maize cannot store safely for prolonged period in metal silos and drying in the shade or in the sun showed the extra time needed for successful metal silo storage.
Abstract: Maize storage among rural farmers is a common practice to conserve grain for future use and income generation. Storage is done in a variety of structures with the aim to maintain quality at an acceptable level. Farmers and other players in the grain trade know the negative influence of moisture and well dried grain stores better irrespective of the...
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Aquifer Detection and Characterisation Using Material Balance: A Case Study of Reservoirs A, B, C and D
Omoniyi Omotayo Adewale.,
Iji Sunday
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2, March 2015
Pages:
55-64
Received:
19 February 2015
Accepted:
3 March 2015
Published:
9 March 2015
Abstract: Oil and gas production needs energy, sufficient enough to drive the produced hydrocarbon to the surface of the well. Usually some of this required energy is supplied by nature. The hydrocarbon fluids are under pressure because of their depth. The gas and water in petroleum reservoirs under pressure are the two main sources that help move oil to the well bore and sometimes up to the surface. Depending on the original characteristics of hydrocarbon reservoirs, the type of drive energy is different. The material balance equation has been a very useful tool in analyzing these mechanisms. If none of the terms in the material balance equation can be neglected, then the reservoir can be described as having a combination drive in which all possible sources of energy contribute a significant part in producing the reservoir fluids, and determining the primary recovery factor. For this to happen, the water must be produced from an aquifer. The aquifer water expands slightly, displacing the oil or gas from the reservoir towards the borehole as pressure drops around the borehole. Most literatures have been able to call attention to the analysis of strong and partial water drive. This study was able to bring to light the aquifer characteristics based on weak water drives. Knowledge of the cumulative water influx is also important to the reservoir engineer. This study also goes ahead to add to aquifer detection and characterization, the cumulative water influx of each reservoir. The whole process entailed analyzing reservoirs A,B,C and D using the method proposed by Cole and Campbell. The plots showed a weak water drive for all reservoirs. The water influx for all the reservoirs were calculated and results obtained. The Cole and Campbell plots were proven to be more accurate method of detecting and characterizing aquifer and water drive strength.
Abstract: Oil and gas production needs energy, sufficient enough to drive the produced hydrocarbon to the surface of the well. Usually some of this required energy is supplied by nature. The hydrocarbon fluids are under pressure because of their depth. The gas and water in petroleum reservoirs under pressure are the two main sources that help move oil to the...
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Analysis and Implementation of Semaphore Signalling in Railway Tracks
K. Sri Dhivya Krishnan,
M. Barathi Selvaraj,
P. Rekha,
S. Gowtham
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2, March 2015
Pages:
65-68
Received:
3 February 2015
Accepted:
12 March 2015
Published:
2 April 2015
Abstract: Railway is the most economist mode for transport in the world. The signaling in the railways plays the vital role to direct the trains in a right way at right speed towards the destination. In railways a single miscommunication in the signaling may lead to catastrophe. This design makes an approach to improve the mode of communication (signalling) using ARM 8 processor and to avoid the train collision using semaphore signaling. The location of the train is detected at various parts of same track and it transfers through GSM technology with the control of ARM Processor When two trains travel in same track the current location of the train is sent to the control station. GSM network transfer the data immediately to the control station from the station, alert signal is fed to the pilot and the collision can be avoided. On the other hand the warning signal and controlling signals to the train can also be transferred to the loco pilot using Power Line Carrier Communication (PLCC).Thus PLCC avoids signal cables nexus.
Abstract: Railway is the most economist mode for transport in the world. The signaling in the railways plays the vital role to direct the trains in a right way at right speed towards the destination. In railways a single miscommunication in the signaling may lead to catastrophe. This design makes an approach to improve the mode of communication (signalling) ...
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