Empirical Analysis of the Reality of Gender Inclusiveness of Participatory Forest Management Approach: The Case of Chilimo-Gaji Forest, West Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

Tesfaye Samuel Saguye

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijsts.20170504.14

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Empirical Analysis of the Reality of Gender Inclusiveness of Participatory Forest Management Approach: The Case of Chilimo-Gaji Forest, West Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

Tesfaye Samuel Saguye

Published in International Journal of Science, Technology and Society (Volume 5, Issue 4)

Received: 8 August 2016 Accepted: 1 October 2016 Published: 21 June 2017

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Abstract

Governments from the commencement of nation-states have usurped forest management and use rights from local forest dependent societies as they perceive these societies as being opportunistic non-conservationists, thus dismissing their capability to manage their forests on a sustainable basis. As a result of this, the Conventional forest management system and practice have failed to improve the forest condition as well as to sustainably address the livelihood of the local community. In recognition of continued deforestation, degradation and loss of biodiversity associated with the mainstream “fences and fines’’ forest management system a new regime has practiced in a few national forest priority areas since 1990s, emphasizing the need to incorporate the aspiration of local people in forest conservation strategies in Ethiopia. This study was conducted in Chilimo-Gaji forest which is one of the oldest PFM intervention sites in Ethiopia. The main purpose of this study was to analyze the reality of gender inclusiveness of the newly introduced forest management system. Both qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection particularly, semi-structured questionnaire survey, focus group discussions and key informant interviews were employed. Analysis of the data reveals that participatory forest management process in the study area was women’s exclusionary in reality even from the lowest nominal typology of participation to the highest in hierarchy of participation, interactive and empowerment in entire participatory forest management process. The study also identified the exclusionary factors which are constraining gender participation such as exclusionary membership rules, gender division of labour, poor educational back grounds, and poor enactment of already established rules and so on. So, the study suggests serious empowerment and awareness creation interventions should be taken and membership rules and women’s inclusion in key decision-making positions should receive due attention.

Published in	International Journal of Science, Technology and Society (Volume 5, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijsts.20170504.14
Page(s)	74-86
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Gender, Participation, Participatory Forest Management, Chilimo-Gaji-Forest

References

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[2]	Agarwal, B., (2010). Gender and Green Governance: The Political Economy of Women’s Presence within and Beyond Community Forestry. Oxford University Press, UK.
[3]	Arnstein, R(1969) A Ladder of Citizen Participation http://lithgow-schmidt.dk/sherry-arnstein/ladder-of-citizen-participation.html, originally published in JAIP, Vol. 35, No. 4, July 1969.
[4]	Bedru, B. (2007). Economic valuation and management of common-pool resources: the case of enclosures in the highlands of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. PhD dissertation. Leuven, Belgium.
[5]	FAO, (2012). Forests and Gender in a Changing Environment. Asia- Pacific Forests and Forestry to 2020: Forest Policy Brief 08.
[6]	FAO, (2007). Gender mainstreaming in forestry in Africa. Regional report. Report of a project carried out under the FAO Netherlands partnership program. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.
[7]	FARM Africa (2005). Rapid forest assessment of Bonga forest. Addis Ababa: Ethiopia.
[8]	Garuma Gudeta (2000). Study of Forest-related contributions to household economy, Chilimo Participatory forest Management Project: Dendi District, west Shewa Zone, and Oromia regional State, Ethiopia.
[9]	Habtemariam Kassa, B., Campbell, M., Sandewall, Mamo Kebede, Tsegaye Yimiru , Gesese Dessie, Abebe Saifu, Mesfin Tadesse, Ephrem Garedew and K., Sandewall. (2009). Building future scenarios and uncovering persisting challenges of participatory forest management in Chilimo Forest, Central Ethiopia. Journal of Environmental Management 90: 1005–1012.
[10]	Melaku Bekele. (2003). Forest Property Right, the role of the state and institutional exigency: The. Ethiopian experience. Doctoral Thesis, Swedish University of Science, Uppsala, Sweden.
[11]	Mulugeta Lemenih and Melaku Bekele (2008) Participatory Forest Management Bes Practices, Lesson Learnt and Challenges Encountered: The Ethiopian and Tanzanian Experiences. FARM-Africa/SOS-Sahel. Addis Ababa.
[12]	Nemarundwe, N. (2003) Negotiating Resource Access: Institutional Arrangements for Woodlands and Water Use in Southern Zimbabwe. Doctoral Thesis, Swedish University o Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
[13]	Ostrom, E. (1990). Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action.” Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
[14]	Ostrom, E., and H. Nagendra. (2006). “Insights on Linking Forests, Trees, and People from the Air, on the Ground, and in the Lab.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 103: 19224-1933.
[15]	Saldanha, M. (2007). Colonial forest regulation and collective resistance: nineteen-century Thana District, India. In S. J. Carswell (eds), Environment, Development and Rural livelihoods (p. 98). London: Earthscan.
[16]	Shackleton, C. M., S. E. Shackleton, E. Buiten, and N. Bird. (2007). “The importance of dry woodlands and forests in rural livelihoods and poverty alleviation in South Africa.” Forest Policy and Economics 9: 558-577.
[17]	USAID (2006). Issues in Poverty Reduction and Natural Resource Management. United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC.
[18]	USAID. 2001. Gender and community conservation. USAID office of women in development, Gender research project No. 3.
[19]	Winberg, E. (2010). Participatory Forest Management in Ethiopia, Practices and Experiences. FAO Sub Regional Office for Eastern Africa. Addis Ababa.
[20]	World Bank (2000). World Development Report: Attacking Poverty. World Bank, Washington DC.
[21]	Zelalem Temesgen and Mulugeta Limenih (2012). Guideline to Scaling-up Participatory forest management. Addis Ababa: Ministry of agriculture.
[22]	Zelalem Temesgen. (2005)An introduction to Chilimo Participatory Forest Management Project: Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

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APA Style

Tesfaye Samuel Saguye. (2017). Empirical Analysis of the Reality of Gender Inclusiveness of Participatory Forest Management Approach: The Case of Chilimo-Gaji Forest, West Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia. International Journal of Science, Technology and Society, 5(4), 74-86. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsts.20170504.14

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ACS Style

Tesfaye Samuel Saguye. Empirical Analysis of the Reality of Gender Inclusiveness of Participatory Forest Management Approach: The Case of Chilimo-Gaji Forest, West Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Int. J. Sci. Technol. Soc. 2017, 5(4), 74-86. doi: 10.11648/j.ijsts.20170504.14

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AMA Style

Tesfaye Samuel Saguye. Empirical Analysis of the Reality of Gender Inclusiveness of Participatory Forest Management Approach: The Case of Chilimo-Gaji Forest, West Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Int J Sci Technol Soc. 2017;5(4):74-86. doi: 10.11648/j.ijsts.20170504.14

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@article{10.11648/j.ijsts.20170504.14,
  author = {Tesfaye Samuel Saguye},
  title = {Empirical Analysis of the Reality of Gender Inclusiveness of Participatory Forest Management Approach: The Case of Chilimo-Gaji Forest, West Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia},
  journal = {International Journal of Science, Technology and Society},
  volume = {5},
  number = {4},
  pages = {74-86},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijsts.20170504.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsts.20170504.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijsts.20170504.14},
  abstract = {Governments from the commencement of nation-states have usurped forest management and use rights from local forest dependent societies as they perceive these societies as being opportunistic non-conservationists, thus dismissing their capability to manage their forests on a sustainable basis. As a result of this, the Conventional forest management system and practice have failed to improve the forest condition as well as to sustainably address the livelihood of the local community. In recognition of continued deforestation, degradation and loss of biodiversity associated with the mainstream “fences and fines’’ forest management system a new regime has practiced in a few national forest priority areas since 1990s, emphasizing the need to incorporate the aspiration of local people in forest conservation strategies in Ethiopia. This study was conducted in Chilimo-Gaji forest which is one of the oldest PFM intervention sites in Ethiopia. The main purpose of this study was to analyze the reality of gender inclusiveness of the newly introduced forest management system. Both qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection particularly, semi-structured questionnaire survey, focus group discussions and key informant interviews were employed. Analysis of the data reveals that participatory forest management process in the study area was women’s exclusionary in reality even from the lowest nominal typology of participation to the highest in hierarchy of participation, interactive and empowerment in entire participatory forest management process. The study also identified the exclusionary factors which are constraining gender participation such as exclusionary membership rules, gender division of labour, poor educational back grounds, and poor enactment of already established rules and so on. So, the study suggests serious empowerment and awareness creation interventions should be taken and membership rules and women’s inclusion in key decision-making positions should receive due attention.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Empirical Analysis of the Reality of Gender Inclusiveness of Participatory Forest Management Approach: The Case of Chilimo-Gaji Forest, West Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
AU  - Tesfaye Samuel Saguye
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DO  - 10.11648/j.ijsts.20170504.14
T2  - International Journal of Science, Technology and Society
JF  - International Journal of Science, Technology and Society
JO  - International Journal of Science, Technology and Society
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SN  - 2330-7420
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsts.20170504.14
AB  - Governments from the commencement of nation-states have usurped forest management and use rights from local forest dependent societies as they perceive these societies as being opportunistic non-conservationists, thus dismissing their capability to manage their forests on a sustainable basis. As a result of this, the Conventional forest management system and practice have failed to improve the forest condition as well as to sustainably address the livelihood of the local community. In recognition of continued deforestation, degradation and loss of biodiversity associated with the mainstream “fences and fines’’ forest management system a new regime has practiced in a few national forest priority areas since 1990s, emphasizing the need to incorporate the aspiration of local people in forest conservation strategies in Ethiopia. This study was conducted in Chilimo-Gaji forest which is one of the oldest PFM intervention sites in Ethiopia. The main purpose of this study was to analyze the reality of gender inclusiveness of the newly introduced forest management system. Both qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection particularly, semi-structured questionnaire survey, focus group discussions and key informant interviews were employed. Analysis of the data reveals that participatory forest management process in the study area was women’s exclusionary in reality even from the lowest nominal typology of participation to the highest in hierarchy of participation, interactive and empowerment in entire participatory forest management process. The study also identified the exclusionary factors which are constraining gender participation such as exclusionary membership rules, gender division of labour, poor educational back grounds, and poor enactment of already established rules and so on. So, the study suggests serious empowerment and awareness creation interventions should be taken and membership rules and women’s inclusion in key decision-making positions should receive due attention.
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Author Information

Tesfaye Samuel Saguye

Department of Disaster Risk Management and Sustainable Development, Institute of Cooperatives and Development Studies, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia

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APA Style

Tesfaye Samuel Saguye. (2017). Empirical Analysis of the Reality of Gender Inclusiveness of Participatory Forest Management Approach: The Case of Chilimo-Gaji Forest, West Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia. International Journal of Science, Technology and Society, 5(4), 74-86. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsts.20170504.14

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ACS Style

Tesfaye Samuel Saguye. Empirical Analysis of the Reality of Gender Inclusiveness of Participatory Forest Management Approach: The Case of Chilimo-Gaji Forest, West Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Int. J. Sci. Technol. Soc. 2017, 5(4), 74-86. doi: 10.11648/j.ijsts.20170504.14

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AMA Style

Tesfaye Samuel Saguye. Empirical Analysis of the Reality of Gender Inclusiveness of Participatory Forest Management Approach: The Case of Chilimo-Gaji Forest, West Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Int J Sci Technol Soc. 2017;5(4):74-86. doi: 10.11648/j.ijsts.20170504.14

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@article{10.11648/j.ijsts.20170504.14,
  author = {Tesfaye Samuel Saguye},
  title = {Empirical Analysis of the Reality of Gender Inclusiveness of Participatory Forest Management Approach: The Case of Chilimo-Gaji Forest, West Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia},
  journal = {International Journal of Science, Technology and Society},
  volume = {5},
  number = {4},
  pages = {74-86},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijsts.20170504.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsts.20170504.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijsts.20170504.14},
  abstract = {Governments from the commencement of nation-states have usurped forest management and use rights from local forest dependent societies as they perceive these societies as being opportunistic non-conservationists, thus dismissing their capability to manage their forests on a sustainable basis. As a result of this, the Conventional forest management system and practice have failed to improve the forest condition as well as to sustainably address the livelihood of the local community. In recognition of continued deforestation, degradation and loss of biodiversity associated with the mainstream “fences and fines’’ forest management system a new regime has practiced in a few national forest priority areas since 1990s, emphasizing the need to incorporate the aspiration of local people in forest conservation strategies in Ethiopia. This study was conducted in Chilimo-Gaji forest which is one of the oldest PFM intervention sites in Ethiopia. The main purpose of this study was to analyze the reality of gender inclusiveness of the newly introduced forest management system. Both qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection particularly, semi-structured questionnaire survey, focus group discussions and key informant interviews were employed. Analysis of the data reveals that participatory forest management process in the study area was women’s exclusionary in reality even from the lowest nominal typology of participation to the highest in hierarchy of participation, interactive and empowerment in entire participatory forest management process. The study also identified the exclusionary factors which are constraining gender participation such as exclusionary membership rules, gender division of labour, poor educational back grounds, and poor enactment of already established rules and so on. So, the study suggests serious empowerment and awareness creation interventions should be taken and membership rules and women’s inclusion in key decision-making positions should receive due attention.},
 year = {2017}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Empirical Analysis of the Reality of Gender Inclusiveness of Participatory Forest Management Approach: The Case of Chilimo-Gaji Forest, West Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
AU  - Tesfaye Samuel Saguye
Y1  - 2017/06/21
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsts.20170504.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijsts.20170504.14
T2  - International Journal of Science, Technology and Society
JF  - International Journal of Science, Technology and Society
JO  - International Journal of Science, Technology and Society
SP  - 74
EP  - 86
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-7420
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsts.20170504.14
AB  - Governments from the commencement of nation-states have usurped forest management and use rights from local forest dependent societies as they perceive these societies as being opportunistic non-conservationists, thus dismissing their capability to manage their forests on a sustainable basis. As a result of this, the Conventional forest management system and practice have failed to improve the forest condition as well as to sustainably address the livelihood of the local community. In recognition of continued deforestation, degradation and loss of biodiversity associated with the mainstream “fences and fines’’ forest management system a new regime has practiced in a few national forest priority areas since 1990s, emphasizing the need to incorporate the aspiration of local people in forest conservation strategies in Ethiopia. This study was conducted in Chilimo-Gaji forest which is one of the oldest PFM intervention sites in Ethiopia. The main purpose of this study was to analyze the reality of gender inclusiveness of the newly introduced forest management system. Both qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection particularly, semi-structured questionnaire survey, focus group discussions and key informant interviews were employed. Analysis of the data reveals that participatory forest management process in the study area was women’s exclusionary in reality even from the lowest nominal typology of participation to the highest in hierarchy of participation, interactive and empowerment in entire participatory forest management process. The study also identified the exclusionary factors which are constraining gender participation such as exclusionary membership rules, gender division of labour, poor educational back grounds, and poor enactment of already established rules and so on. So, the study suggests serious empowerment and awareness creation interventions should be taken and membership rules and women’s inclusion in key decision-making positions should receive due attention.
VL  - 5
IS  - 4
ER  -

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