Determinants and Impacts of Livelihood Choice Strategies on Farm Households’ Food Security Status in North Shewa Zone Oromia, Ethiopia

Gari Duguma; Fekedu Beyene; Mengistu Ketema; Kedir Jemal

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijaas.20230903.11

| Peer-Reviewed

Determinants and Impacts of Livelihood Choice Strategies on Farm Households’ Food Security Status in North Shewa Zone Oromia, Ethiopia

Gari Duguma, Fekedu Beyene, Mengistu Ketema, Kedir Jemal

Published in International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences (Volume 9, Issue 3)

Received: 21 February 2023 Accepted: 26 April 2023 Published: 10 May 2023

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

Livelihoods diversification strategies are one means of meeting the overgrowing world population’s food demand. This study identified household-level determinants of livelihood diversification strategies and its impact on food security status in North Shewa, Oromia, Ethiopia. Both primary and secondary data about the 2021/22 production year were collected for this study. Primary data was collected from 400 smallholder farmers that were collected using a simple random sampling technique. Descriptive statistics and econometric models were used for data analysis. Looking into the estimated coefficients, the results indicate that livelihood strategy is significantly influenced by fourteen explanatory variables. Agro ecology, sex, family size, farm size, economic active member, training, credit access, livestock holding, education level, experience in farming, irrigation experience, media, distance from the market were significant variables that affect the household livelihood strategy status. Impact evaluation estimated result indicated that participation of farming with non-farming livelihood diversification strategies increases farm household food security status by 25% while, participation in farming with off farming and farming with both non-farming and off farming livelihood diversification strategies increases households' food security status by 43 and 37% respectively over non-diversified households at a 1% probability level. This study indicated that there is room to improve rural households’ level of food security status using more of the aforementioned socio-economic variables. Therefore, policymakers should give due emphasis to the identified variables and improve the livelihoods of rural households.

Published in	International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences (Volume 9, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijaas.20230903.11
Page(s)	61-73
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Food Security, Livelihood Strategies, Determinants, Multinomial Logit Model, Multinomial Endogenous Switching, Ethiopia

References

[1]	Helmy, I. (2020). Livelihood diversification strategies: Resisting vulnerability in Egypt (No. 441). GLO Discussion Paper.
[2]	Tambe, S. (2022). Sustainable livelihoods approach. In Teaching and learning rural livelihoods. Sustainable development goals series. Cham: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90491-3_4
[3]	Iiyama M, Kariuki P, Kristjanson P, Kaitibie S, Maitima J. (2008). Livelihood diversification strategies, incomes and soil management strategies: a case study from Kerio Valley, Kenya. J Intl Dev 20 (3): 380–397. https://doi.org/10.1002/jid.1419
[4]	Habib N. (2021). Climate change, livelihoods and gender dynamics of mountainous communities in Pakistan. Sarhad J Agri 37: 1269–1279.
[5]	Walelign SZ. (2017). Getting stuck, falling behind or moving forward: Rural livelihood movements and persistence in Nepal. Land Use Policy 65: 294–307.
[6]	Walelign SZ, Pouliot M, Larsen HO, Smith CH. (2016). Combining household income and asset data to identify livelihood strategies and their dynamics. J Dev Stud 2: 24–34.
[7]	Mutenje MJ, Ortmann GF, Ferrer SRD, Darroch MAG. (2010). Rural livelihood diversity to manage economic shocks: evidence from south-east Zimbabwe. Agrekon, 338-357.
[8]	Yaro JA. (2013). The perception of and adaptation to climate variability/change in Ghana by small-scale and commercial farmers. Reg Environ Chang 13: 1259–1272.
[9]	Islam MR. (2018). Climate change, natural disasters and socioeconomic livelihood vulnerabilities: migration decision among the char land people in Bangladesh. Soc Indic Res 136: 575–593.
[10]	Gebru, G. W., Ichoku, H. E., & Phil-Eze, P. O. (2018). Determinants of livelihood diversification strategies in Eastern Tigray Region of Ethiopia. Agriculture and Food Security, 7 (1), 62. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40066-018-0214-0
[11]	Mekuria, W., & Mekonnen, K. (2018). Determinants of crop–livestock diversification in the mixed farming systems: Evidence from central highlands of Ethiopia. Agriculture and Food Security, 7 (1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40066-018-0212-2
[12]	Admasu, T. T., Damtie, Y. A., & Taye, M. A. (2022). Determinants of livelihood diversification among households in the Sub-Saharan Town of Merawi, Ethiopia. Advances in Agriculture, 2022. Article ID 6600178. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6600178
[13]	Muluneh, D. (2022). Determinants of urban household income diversification and its relation to food security in Yejube Town, Amhara National Regional State [Doctoral dissertation].
[14]	Ambaye, T. K., Tsehay, A. S., & Hailu, A. G. (2021, April 6). Analysis of the status and determinants of rural households’ access to agricultural extension services: The case ff Jimma Geneti Woreda, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. International Journal of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development Studies, 8 (1), 52–99. https://ssrn.com/abstract=3820302
[15]	Ayana, G. F., Megento, T. L., & Kussa, F. G. (2021). The extent of livelihood diversification on the determinants of livelihood diversification in Assosa Woreda, Western Ethiopia. GeoJournal. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-021-10379-5
[16]	Kassie, G. W., Kim, S., & Fellizar, F. P., Jr. (2017). Determinant factors of livelihood diversification: Evidence from Ethiopia. Cogent Social Sciences, 3 (1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2017.1369490
[17]	Washo, J. A., Tolosa, S. F., & Debsu, J. K. (2021). Determinants of rural households’ livelihood diversification decision: The case of Didessa and Bedelle District, Bunno Bedelle Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 17 (12), 1573–1580.
[18]	Alobo, S., & Bignebat, C. (2017). Patterns and determinants of household income diversification in rural Senegal and Kenya. Journal of Poverty Alleviation and International Development, 8 (1), 93–126.
[19]	Teshome, B., & Edriss, A. K. (2013). Determinants and patterns of income diversification among smallholder farmers in Akaki district, Ethiopia (No. 634-2016-41518).
[20]	Central Statistical Agency (CSA) 2020. Population prediction of the country, Ethiopia, Addis Ababa.
[21]	Ellis, F. 2004. Rural livelihoods and diversity in developing countries. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
[22]	Njuguna, R. A. (2015). Determinants of choice of alternative livelihood diversification strategies in Solio Resettlement Scheme [Doctoral dissertation, MSc. Thesis, Department of Agricultural Economics].
[23]	Kassie, M., Marenya, P., Tessema, Y., Jaleta, M., Zeng, D., Erenstein, O., Rahut, D. (2018). Measuring farm and market level economic impacts of improved maize production technologies in Ethiopia: Evidence from panel data. J. of Agric. Econ. 69 (1), 76–95.
[24]	Kassie, M., Teklewold, H., Marenya, P., Jaleta, M., Erenstein, O. (2015). Production risks and food security under alternative technology choices in Malawi: Application of a multinomial endogenous switching regression. J. of Agric. Econ. 66 (3), 640–659.
[25]	Mundlak, Yair. (1978). ‘Pooling of Time-series and Cross-section Data’. Econometrica 46 (1): 69–85.
[26]	Wooldridge, J. M. (2010). Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
[27]	Bourguignon, F., Fournier, M., Gurgand, M. (2007). Selection bias corrections based on the multinomial logit model: Monte-Carlo comparisons. J. of Econ. Surveys. 21, 174–205.
[28]	Mc-Fadden, D. (1973). Conditional logit analysis of qualitative choice behavior, in: Zarembka, P. (ed.), Frontiers in Econometrics, (Academic Press, New York, 1973, pp. 105–142).
[29]	Di Falco, S. (2014). Adaptation to Climate Change in Sub-Saharan Agriculture: Assessing the Evidence and Rethinking the Drivers. European Review of Agricultural Economics, 41, 405-430. https://doi.org/10.1093/erae/jbu014
[30]	Dirribsa, S., & Tassew, B. (2015). Analysis of livelihood diversification strategy of rural household: A case study of Ambo District, Oomiya Regional State, Ethiopia. Department of cooperatives & institute of cooperatives & development studies, Ambo University, Oomiya Regional State, Ethiopia. International Journal of Current Research and Academic Review, 3 (8), 406–426.
[31]	Guduro Beriso, Asefa Tadessea and Geremewu Motuma. (2022). Review factors affecting small holder Farmers livelihood diversification in Ethiopia. South Asian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 2022; 2 (2): 21-28.
[32]	Gebbisa, M. B. and Mulatu, G. (2020). Choice of Livelihood Strategies and Its Determinants in Pastoralist Area of Bale Zone: The Case of Sawena District, Oromia, South East Ethiopia. Open Access Library Journal, 7, 1-22. doi: 10.4236/oalibj.2020.79737.
[33]	Shikur, S., Haji, J., & Leza, T. (2021). Factors affecting choice of livelihood strategies in Peri-Urban Communities of Hossana Town, Southern Ethiopia. East African Journal of Sciences, 15 (2), 129–140.
[34]	Abera, A., Yirgu, T. & Uncha, A. (2021). Determinants of rural livelihood diversification strategies among Chewaka resettlers’ communities of southwestern Ethiopia. Agric & Food Secur 10, 30 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40066-021-00305-w
[35]	Asante, B. O., Afarindash, V., & Sarpong, D. B. (2011). Determinants of small scale farmers decision to join farmer based organizations in Ghana. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 6 (10), 2273–2279. http://197.255.68.203/ handle/123456789/2572.
[36]	Girma Mulugeta Emeru, Abebaw Hailu Fikire & Zemenu Bires Beza. (2022). Determinants of urban households’ livelihood diversification strategies in North Shewa Zone, Ethiopia, Cogent Economics & Finance, 10: 1, DOI: 10.1080/23322039.2022.2093431.
[37]	Dinku, A. M. (2018). Determinants of livelihood diversification strategies in Borena pastoralist communities of Oromia regional state, Ethiopia. Agric & Food Secur 7, 41 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40066-018-0192-2
[38]	Salam R, Ghose B, Shill BK. (2021). Perceived and actual risks of drought: household and expert views from the lower Teesta River Basin of northern Bangladesh. Nat Hazards 108: 2569–2587. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-021-04789-4
[39]	Eshetu, F., & Mekonnen, E. (2016). Determinants of off farm income diversification and its effect on rural household poverty in Gamo Gofa Zone, Southern Ethiopia. Journal of Development and Agricultural Economics, 8 (10), 215–227. https://doi.org/10.5897/JDAE2016-0736
[40]	Bird, K., Chabé-Ferret, B., & Simons, A. (2022). Linking human capabilities with livelihood strategies to speed poverty reduction: Evidence from Rwanda. World Development, 151, 105728. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2021.105728
[41]	Tamerat, T., & Borah, D. (2016). Food Security Condition of Smallholding Farmers in Kilte Awelalo.
[42]	Lorato, T. (2019). The determinants of livelihood diversification strategies in Qecha Bira Woreda, Kambata Tambaro Zone, Southern Ethiopia. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 10 (9), 6–14.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Gari Duguma, Fekedu Beyene, Mengistu Ketema, Kedir Jemal. (2023). Determinants and Impacts of Livelihood Choice Strategies on Farm Households’ Food Security Status in North Shewa Zone Oromia, Ethiopia. International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences, 9(3), 61-73. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20230903.11

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Gari Duguma; Fekedu Beyene; Mengistu Ketema; Kedir Jemal. Determinants and Impacts of Livelihood Choice Strategies on Farm Households’ Food Security Status in North Shewa Zone Oromia, Ethiopia. Int. J. Appl. Agric. Sci. 2023, 9(3), 61-73. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaas.20230903.11

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Gari Duguma, Fekedu Beyene, Mengistu Ketema, Kedir Jemal. Determinants and Impacts of Livelihood Choice Strategies on Farm Households’ Food Security Status in North Shewa Zone Oromia, Ethiopia. Int J Appl Agric Sci. 2023;9(3):61-73. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaas.20230903.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijaas.20230903.11,
  author = {Gari Duguma and Fekedu Beyene and Mengistu Ketema and Kedir Jemal},
  title = {Determinants and Impacts of Livelihood Choice Strategies on Farm Households’ Food Security Status in North Shewa Zone Oromia, Ethiopia},
  journal = {International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences},
  volume = {9},
  number = {3},
  pages = {61-73},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijaas.20230903.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20230903.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijaas.20230903.11},
  abstract = {Livelihoods diversification strategies are one means of meeting the overgrowing world population’s food demand. This study identified household-level determinants of livelihood diversification strategies and its impact on food security status in North Shewa, Oromia, Ethiopia. Both primary and secondary data about the 2021/22 production year were collected for this study. Primary data was collected from 400 smallholder farmers that were collected using a simple random sampling technique. Descriptive statistics and econometric models were used for data analysis. Looking into the estimated coefficients, the results indicate that livelihood strategy is significantly influenced by fourteen explanatory variables. Agro ecology, sex, family size, farm size, economic active member, training, credit access, livestock holding, education level, experience in farming, irrigation experience, media, distance from the market were significant variables that affect the household livelihood strategy status. Impact evaluation estimated result indicated that participation of farming with non-farming livelihood diversification strategies increases farm household food security status by 25% while, participation in farming with off farming and farming with both non-farming and off farming livelihood diversification strategies increases households' food security status by 43 and 37% respectively over non-diversified households at a 1% probability level. This study indicated that there is room to improve rural households’ level of food security status using more of the aforementioned socio-economic variables. Therefore, policymakers should give due emphasis to the identified variables and improve the livelihoods of rural households.},
 year = {2023}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Determinants and Impacts of Livelihood Choice Strategies on Farm Households’ Food Security Status in North Shewa Zone Oromia, Ethiopia
AU  - Gari Duguma
AU  - Fekedu Beyene
AU  - Mengistu Ketema
AU  - Kedir Jemal
Y1  - 2023/05/10
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20230903.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijaas.20230903.11
T2  - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences
JF  - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences
JO  - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences
SP  - 61
EP  - 73
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2469-7885
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20230903.11
AB  - Livelihoods diversification strategies are one means of meeting the overgrowing world population’s food demand. This study identified household-level determinants of livelihood diversification strategies and its impact on food security status in North Shewa, Oromia, Ethiopia. Both primary and secondary data about the 2021/22 production year were collected for this study. Primary data was collected from 400 smallholder farmers that were collected using a simple random sampling technique. Descriptive statistics and econometric models were used for data analysis. Looking into the estimated coefficients, the results indicate that livelihood strategy is significantly influenced by fourteen explanatory variables. Agro ecology, sex, family size, farm size, economic active member, training, credit access, livestock holding, education level, experience in farming, irrigation experience, media, distance from the market were significant variables that affect the household livelihood strategy status. Impact evaluation estimated result indicated that participation of farming with non-farming livelihood diversification strategies increases farm household food security status by 25% while, participation in farming with off farming and farming with both non-farming and off farming livelihood diversification strategies increases households' food security status by 43 and 37% respectively over non-diversified households at a 1% probability level. This study indicated that there is room to improve rural households’ level of food security status using more of the aforementioned socio-economic variables. Therefore, policymakers should give due emphasis to the identified variables and improve the livelihoods of rural households.
VL  - 9
IS  - 3
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Gari Duguma

Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness School, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
Fekedu Beyene

Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness School, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
Mengistu Ketema

Ethiopian Economic Associations, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Kedir Jemal

Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness School, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Gari Duguma, Fekedu Beyene, Mengistu Ketema, Kedir Jemal. (2023). Determinants and Impacts of Livelihood Choice Strategies on Farm Households’ Food Security Status in North Shewa Zone Oromia, Ethiopia. International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences, 9(3), 61-73. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20230903.11

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Gari Duguma; Fekedu Beyene; Mengistu Ketema; Kedir Jemal. Determinants and Impacts of Livelihood Choice Strategies on Farm Households’ Food Security Status in North Shewa Zone Oromia, Ethiopia. Int. J. Appl. Agric. Sci. 2023, 9(3), 61-73. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaas.20230903.11

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Gari Duguma, Fekedu Beyene, Mengistu Ketema, Kedir Jemal. Determinants and Impacts of Livelihood Choice Strategies on Farm Households’ Food Security Status in North Shewa Zone Oromia, Ethiopia. Int J Appl Agric Sci. 2023;9(3):61-73. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaas.20230903.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijaas.20230903.11,
  author = {Gari Duguma and Fekedu Beyene and Mengistu Ketema and Kedir Jemal},
  title = {Determinants and Impacts of Livelihood Choice Strategies on Farm Households’ Food Security Status in North Shewa Zone Oromia, Ethiopia},
  journal = {International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences},
  volume = {9},
  number = {3},
  pages = {61-73},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijaas.20230903.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20230903.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijaas.20230903.11},
  abstract = {Livelihoods diversification strategies are one means of meeting the overgrowing world population’s food demand. This study identified household-level determinants of livelihood diversification strategies and its impact on food security status in North Shewa, Oromia, Ethiopia. Both primary and secondary data about the 2021/22 production year were collected for this study. Primary data was collected from 400 smallholder farmers that were collected using a simple random sampling technique. Descriptive statistics and econometric models were used for data analysis. Looking into the estimated coefficients, the results indicate that livelihood strategy is significantly influenced by fourteen explanatory variables. Agro ecology, sex, family size, farm size, economic active member, training, credit access, livestock holding, education level, experience in farming, irrigation experience, media, distance from the market were significant variables that affect the household livelihood strategy status. Impact evaluation estimated result indicated that participation of farming with non-farming livelihood diversification strategies increases farm household food security status by 25% while, participation in farming with off farming and farming with both non-farming and off farming livelihood diversification strategies increases households' food security status by 43 and 37% respectively over non-diversified households at a 1% probability level. This study indicated that there is room to improve rural households’ level of food security status using more of the aforementioned socio-economic variables. Therefore, policymakers should give due emphasis to the identified variables and improve the livelihoods of rural households.},
 year = {2023}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Determinants and Impacts of Livelihood Choice Strategies on Farm Households’ Food Security Status in North Shewa Zone Oromia, Ethiopia
AU  - Gari Duguma
AU  - Fekedu Beyene
AU  - Mengistu Ketema
AU  - Kedir Jemal
Y1  - 2023/05/10
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20230903.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijaas.20230903.11
T2  - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences
JF  - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences
JO  - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences
SP  - 61
EP  - 73
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2469-7885
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20230903.11
AB  - Livelihoods diversification strategies are one means of meeting the overgrowing world population’s food demand. This study identified household-level determinants of livelihood diversification strategies and its impact on food security status in North Shewa, Oromia, Ethiopia. Both primary and secondary data about the 2021/22 production year were collected for this study. Primary data was collected from 400 smallholder farmers that were collected using a simple random sampling technique. Descriptive statistics and econometric models were used for data analysis. Looking into the estimated coefficients, the results indicate that livelihood strategy is significantly influenced by fourteen explanatory variables. Agro ecology, sex, family size, farm size, economic active member, training, credit access, livestock holding, education level, experience in farming, irrigation experience, media, distance from the market were significant variables that affect the household livelihood strategy status. Impact evaluation estimated result indicated that participation of farming with non-farming livelihood diversification strategies increases farm household food security status by 25% while, participation in farming with off farming and farming with both non-farming and off farming livelihood diversification strategies increases households' food security status by 43 and 37% respectively over non-diversified households at a 1% probability level. This study indicated that there is room to improve rural households’ level of food security status using more of the aforementioned socio-economic variables. Therefore, policymakers should give due emphasis to the identified variables and improve the livelihoods of rural households.
VL  - 9
IS  - 3
ER  -

Copy | Download