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Effect of Different Carbon Sources on in vitro Shoot Regeneration and Multiplication of Cissampelos pareira (L.) - An Important Medicinal Plant
Cingithalam Munaswamy Reddy Narendra Reddy,
Palyam Venkatesh Chaithanya Lakshmi,
Varagiri Narayanachetty Swetha Prasuna,
Mustrahally Raja Gopal,
Gunda Sudhasri Purna,
Bathula Srinivas
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 6, December 2019
Pages:
131-136
Received:
24 September 2019
Accepted:
17 October 2019
Published:
28 October 2019
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20190706.11
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Abstract: An efficient in vitro protocol for shoot regeneration and production of multiple shoots of Cissampelos pareira (L) was developed. In the present study, the effect of different carbon sources, sucrose, fructose, maltose and glucose was investigated on in vitro shoot regeneration by using axillary bud of Cissampelos pareira (L). The frequency, growth and multiplication rate were highly influenced by the type and concentration of carbon sources used. The highest number of shoots (8.06±0.11) was observed on MS medium supplemented with 2% fructose and along with BAP 1.0mg/l and NAA 0.5mg/l and regeneration frequency 95%. The least number of shoots were obtained on MS medium supplemented with 4% maltose and (3.4±0.10) shoots and glucose (3.26±0.11). Among the different carbon sources used in the present study, fructose 2% proved to be a better choice for multiple shoot regeneration followed by Sucrose, maltose, and glucose from axillary bud explants of Cissampelos pareira. In vitro shoots were then excised from the shoot clumps and transferred to the rooting medium containing NAA, IBA (0.5-3.0mg/l). The well-rooted plantlets were then separated from the culture tubes and transferred into sterile soil and vermiculate (1:1) in the greenhouse. Finally, the hardened plants were transferred to the field environment for utmost survivability.
Abstract: An efficient in vitro protocol for shoot regeneration and production of multiple shoots of Cissampelos pareira (L) was developed. In the present study, the effect of different carbon sources, sucrose, fructose, maltose and glucose was investigated on in vitro shoot regeneration by using axillary bud of Cissampelos pareira (L). The frequency, growth...
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Bioprospecting Elicitation with Gamma Irradiation Combine with Chitosan to Enhance, Yield Production, Bioactive Secondary Metabolites and Antioxidant Activity for Saffron
Tarek Elsayed Sayed Ahamed
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 6, December 2019
Pages:
137-143
Received:
6 August 2019
Accepted:
22 September 2019
Published:
31 October 2019
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20190706.12
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Abstract: Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) corms were subjected to gamma irradiation doses; 0,5,15,25 Gy (G1-4) then were planted as annual crop in complete randomized split block design with three replicates. The resultant plants 3 months aged and every month up tile before flowering, were vegitatively sprayed with chitosan solution; 0,50,100,200 mg/L concentrations. Data (C1-4) for growth and yield traits were recorded and subjected to statistic ANDVA, revealed that individual G2, G3 as well as C2, C3, C4 performed positive significant impact on growth traits (plant height, flowers fresh weight, number of flowers, fresh and dry weight of flowers m2) that cause to significant positive impacts in yield traits (main saffron stigmas yield /ha, second medicine – therapeutic metabolites (crocin, picrocrocin, safronal), antioxidant activity and secondary by – product, corms yield/ ha) whilst, G4 attained significant negative impacts in growth and yield traits. Combine applications (G2 C2, G2C3, G2C4), (G3C2, G3C3, G3C4) achieved significant synergistic positive impacts on growth and yield traits. Aside (G4C2, G4C3, G4C4) actuated only significant positive impacts on growth and yield traits and quality, that warrant C2-4 overcoming significant impacts for G4. Overall, results strongly manifest G and /or C reliable strategy, in vivo to enhance main saffron stigmas yield, secondary metabolite (crocin, pircorcrocin, Safronal) and antioxidant activity for saffron plants.
Abstract: Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) corms were subjected to gamma irradiation doses; 0,5,15,25 Gy (G1-4) then were planted as annual crop in complete randomized split block design with three replicates. The resultant plants 3 months aged and every month up tile before flowering, were vegitatively sprayed with chitosan solution; 0,50,100,200 mg/L concentrat...
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Screening Rice (O. Sativa L.) in Salinity Gradient to Identify Performance During Vegetative Stage for Salinity Stressed Environments
Andrew Abiodun Efisue,
Ella Elizabeth Igoma
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 6, December 2019
Pages:
144-150
Received:
6 October 2019
Accepted:
28 October 2019
Published:
5 November 2019
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20190706.13
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Abstract: Salinity is one of the leading abiotic factors constraint rice production and efforts are being made by scientists to mitigate their effects on rice productivity. The objectives of this study are to identify salinity tolerant rice that is eco-salinity specific to ameliorate the salinity stress. The study comprises 16 advanced breeding lines and Pokkali a universal check was used in potted experiments. Four experiments were established concurrently in two replications in a randomized complete block design. The first experiment is none stressed ECO, the second (EC2) at 2.0 dSm-1, three (EC3) and four (EC4) at 3.0 dSm-1 and at 6.0 dSm-1, respectively. The genetic materials used in this study were replicated in all the experiments. Significant variations were observed among the genotypes based on their reaction to salinity stress at different salinity gradients. Genotype like IR84105-5-B-1-B-1 is constantly showing high tillering ability across salinity concentration gradients. The most stable genotypes were IR84931-9-B-2-B-3, and IR84931-9-B-1-B-3. The biplot indicates the possibility of two mega environments, which are (EC0 and EC3) and (EC2 and EC6), respectively for salinity stress. The results from this study has identified promising genotypes IR84105-5-B-1-B-1, and IR84105-5-B-1-B-5 for high tillering ability across the gradients, which is one of the major grain yield components and the most stable genotypes were IR84931-9-B-2-B-3 and IR84931-9-B-1-B-3 across the salinity gradients, which could be deployed to these regions.
Abstract: Salinity is one of the leading abiotic factors constraint rice production and efforts are being made by scientists to mitigate their effects on rice productivity. The objectives of this study are to identify salinity tolerant rice that is eco-salinity specific to ameliorate the salinity stress. The study comprises 16 advanced breeding lines and Pok...
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Collection and Utilization of Germplasm Resources of Myrtaceae Wild Plants in China
Xiong Binghong,
Liu Chunyan,
Xiong Xinlan,
Xu Zhifang,
Zhao Liyun,
Tan Haibo,
Qiu Shengxiang,
Ai Caixia,
Lin Shiquan,
Huang Xiongyao,
Chen Jian,
Luo Lian,
Tang Li,
Yu Shujun
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 6, December 2019
Pages:
151-157
Received:
6 October 2019
Accepted:
11 November 2019
Published:
18 November 2019
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20190706.14
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Abstract: Myrtaceae is an important group of higher plants, the eighth family of angiosperms, with 134 genera, 5500-5900 species, mainly distributed in tropical America, Oceania and Asia. There are 9 genera, 126 species and 8 varieties of wild myrtle in China. South China Botanical Garden of Chinese Academy of Sciences introduced and related studies on the Myrtaceae wild plant germplasm resources since the 1930s. There are 58 species of 9 genera of Myrtaceae wild plants in China, of which there are 1 species of the genus Acmena, 1 species of the genus Baeckea, 2 species of the genus Cleistocalyx, 3 Species of the genus Decaspermum, 2 species of the genus Psidium, 2 species of the genus Pyrenocarp, 1 species of the genus Rhodamnia, 1 species of the genus Rhodomyrtus, and 45 Species of the genus Syzygium were collected. Myrtle plants have an important and far-reaching impact on the world economy in wood resources, volatile aromatic oils, industrial and pharmaceutical materials, edible spices, tropical fruits, and ecological and environmental protection. This paper studies the collection and application of wild plant germplasm resources of myrtle in China, in order to provide strategic support for China's economic development, sustainable utilization of resources and ecological environment protection.
Abstract: Myrtaceae is an important group of higher plants, the eighth family of angiosperms, with 134 genera, 5500-5900 species, mainly distributed in tropical America, Oceania and Asia. There are 9 genera, 126 species and 8 varieties of wild myrtle in China. South China Botanical Garden of Chinese Academy of Sciences introduced and related studies on the M...
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Responses of Detoxification Enzymes and Genes to Nicosulfuron Stress in Two Genotypes of Sweet Corn Differing in Nicosulfuron Tolerance
Guihua Lv,
Guojin Guo,
Jianjian Chen,
Xiangnan Li,
Zhenxing Wu
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 6, December 2019
Pages:
158-163
Received:
15 October 2019
Accepted:
12 November 2019
Published:
4 December 2019
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20190706.15
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Abstract: Nicosulfuron, a sulfonylurea herbicide is registered for use on field, controns many annual and perennial grass weeds. The accumulation of nicosulfuron will increase toxicity and induce unfavorable oxidative stress in plants. Acetolactate synthase (ALS, EC 2.2.1.6) and glutathione transferases (GSTs, E. C.2.5.1.18), which participate in detoxification of xenobiotics and limit oxidative damages of cellular macromolecules, are important groups of cytoprotective enzymes. This study aims to investigate the toxic effect of nicosulfuron on the detoxification enzyme activities and gene expressions in maize seedling. Specifically, Nicosulfuron-tolerant sweet inbred line ‘JP233’ and nicosulfuron-sensitive sweet inbred line ‘Z2H4’ are subjected to 80mg kg–1 nicosulfuron treatment when the fourth leaves are fully developed, and the resulting effects are compared to those processed by water. After nicosulfuron treatment, it is found that ALS and GST enzymes activities of Z2H4 are significantly lower than those of JP233. Compared to Z2H4, nicosulfuron treatment increases the expression levels of GST1, ALS1 and ALS2 genes in JP233. These results suggest that the increased transcription level of these detoxifying enzymes might play a vital role in reducing the toxicity of nicosulfuron and the oxidative stress induced by nicosulfuron in maize seedlings. The research will improve our understanding of the function of maize detoxification enzymes and genes in herbicide metabolism.
Abstract: Nicosulfuron, a sulfonylurea herbicide is registered for use on field, controns many annual and perennial grass weeds. The accumulation of nicosulfuron will increase toxicity and induce unfavorable oxidative stress in plants. Acetolactate synthase (ALS, EC 2.2.1.6) and glutathione transferases (GSTs, E. C.2.5.1.18), which participate in detoxificat...
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Combining Ability Trial of Hybrid Rice at Pine Bluff, Arkansas
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 6, December 2019
Pages:
164-171
Received:
5 November 2019
Accepted:
2 December 2019
Published:
16 December 2019
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20190706.16
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Abstract: Combining Ability with yield and other traits of 30 new hybrids were tested at Pine Bluff, Arkansas in 2014. The hybrids were developed from 6 female parent sterile lines, UP-1s, UP-2, UP-3s, 11A, 13A, and 15A, to 5 male parent restorer lines, PB5, PB11, PB14, PB15, and PB16. The inbred variety Francis, which is a popular variety in the rice production, was used as the check (CK). Results showed that the grain yields of 8 hybrids were 20.5% ~ 27.4% higher than that of CK Francis. The milled rice yields of 8 hybrids were 16% ~ 24.9% higher than that of CK Francis. The head rice yields of 6 hybrids were 11% ~ 19% higher than that of CK Francis. The chalky rice rates of 3 hybrids were less than that of CK Francis. The sterile lines UP-3s, UP-2s, UP-1s and 15A have good combining ability and the average grain yields of their hybrids were over CK by22.7%, 16.4%, 14.7% and 14.1%, respectively. The restorer lines PB15, PB16, and PB05 have good combining ability and the average grain yields of their hybrids were over CK by 19.6%, 15.3% and 15.1%, respectively. The major traits (grain yield, head rice, less chalky, lower height, earlier heading date) of hybrids of two-line system were better than that of hybrids of three-line system. These results indicated that these top hybrids and their parents of the sterile lines and restorer lines are good to be used in the hybrid rice breeding and production in the future.
Abstract: Combining Ability with yield and other traits of 30 new hybrids were tested at Pine Bluff, Arkansas in 2014. The hybrids were developed from 6 female parent sterile lines, UP-1s, UP-2, UP-3s, 11A, 13A, and 15A, to 5 male parent restorer lines, PB5, PB11, PB14, PB15, and PB16. The inbred variety Francis, which is a popular variety in the rice produc...
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