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Plant Diversity and Carbon Storage Assessment in an African Protected Forest: A Case of the Eastern Part of the Dja Wildlife Reserve in Cameroon
Tabue Mbobda Roger Bruno,
Zapfack Louis,
Noiha Noumi Valery,
Nyeck Boris,
Meyan-Ya Daghela Raissa Glawdys,
Ngoma Louis Roger,
Kabelong Banoho Louis-Paul,
Chimi Djomo Cédric
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 5, October 2016
Pages:
95-101
Received:
17 July 2016
Accepted:
25 July 2016
Published:
17 August 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20160405.11
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Abstract: Although the forests of the Congo basin are known for their richness in species, there are still several works in assessing their biomass. Mindful of this fact, the present study performed in the Dja biosphere reserve aims to assess plant diversity and carbon stocks. 10 transects of 5 ha each were assessed. 9,293 individuals divided into 47 families, 150 genera and 205 species were recorded. Euphorbiaceae was the most important family. The overall carbon stocks assessed was, 354.73 Mg C/ha. In the secondary forest the quantity of carbon stocks evaluated was 330.67±40.07 Mg C/ha. The Raphiales and Wetlands accumulated a quantity of carbon stocks of 15.06±0.08 and 9.00±2.06 Mg C/ha respectively. Euphorbiaceae stored an amount of 68.38 Mg C/ha, followed by the Mimosaceae which stores the amount of 51.07 Mg C/ha and the Irvingiaceae which stores an amount of 26.07 Mg C/ha. Uapaca guineensis stored 53.60 Mg C/ha. Pentaclethra macrophylla, Petersianthus macrocarpus and Desbordesia glaucescens all stored 117.56 Mg C/ha. For an index of diversity of 3.71, secondary forest stores approximately 93% of the total carbon stock. The test of comparison carried out showed a significant difference between the carbon stocks obtained on the land cover type (LCT) (ANOVA, F = 45.76; P < 0.001).
Abstract: Although the forests of the Congo basin are known for their richness in species, there are still several works in assessing their biomass. Mindful of this fact, the present study performed in the Dja biosphere reserve aims to assess plant diversity and carbon stocks. 10 transects of 5 ha each were assessed. 9,293 individuals divided into 47 familie...
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The Protein Profile of the Plantlets of Spathoglottis plicata Bl. Induced Resistance to Fusarium oxysporum
Endang Nurcahyani,
R. Agustrina,
T. T. Handayani
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 5, October 2016
Pages:
102-105
Received:
18 July 2016
Accepted:
4 August 2016
Published:
21 August 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20160405.12
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Abstract: Ground orchid (Spathoglottis plicata) cultivated have many constraints such as the appearance of fusarium wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum (Fo). A resistant S. plicata plantlet to Fo has been initiated by in vitro selection on Vacin and Went (VW) medium containing fusaric acid (FA) at concentrations of 10 ppm, 20 ppm, 30 ppm, and 40 ppm, compared with controls (0 ppm), and there were indications of FA tolerant of the selected plantlets. This study aims to describe the formation mechanism of Induced Resistance by analysing the protein profile of the plantlet. The protein profile was analysed by SDS-PAGE methods. The results showed that protein profiles of explants leaves was significantly different from the control. There was an initiation of a new protein bands (± 19 kD) indicating the formation of PR-protein (peroxidase) on the plantlets which responsible for S. plicata resistant to Fo.
Abstract: Ground orchid (Spathoglottis plicata) cultivated have many constraints such as the appearance of fusarium wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum (Fo). A resistant S. plicata plantlet to Fo has been initiated by in vitro selection on Vacin and Went (VW) medium containing fusaric acid (FA) at concentrations of 10 ppm, 20 ppm, 30 ppm, and 40 ppm, c...
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Evaluation of the Diphtheria Toxin A Subunit Gene (DT-A) as a Non-conditional Negative Selectable Marker in Tobacco and Rice
Pachamuthu Kannan,
Bharat Bhusan Majhi,
Karuppannan Veluthambi
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 5, October 2016
Pages:
106-112
Received:
21 July 2016
Accepted:
1 August 2016
Published:
29 August 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20160405.13
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Abstract: The diphtheria toxin A subunit gene (DT-A) from Corynebacterium diphtheriae inhibits protein synthesis in eukaryotes. In this study, toxicity of the DT-A gene was evaluated by a transgenic approach in tobacco and rice. The DT-A gene was cloned under transcriptional control of the CaMV 35S promoter and transformed into tobacco. Similarly, CaMV 35S and the maize Ubi1 promoter-driven DT-A gene constructs were transformed into rice. The deployment of the DT-A gene in both tobacco and rice drastically reduced the recovery of transgenic plants in comparison to pCAMBIA1301 (without DT-A). Southern blot analyses of the transgenic plants were done using the hph- and DT-A gene-specific probes to check the presence of the hph and DT-A genes. All the tobacco and rice transgenic plants showed hybridization to junction fragments upon using the hph gene probe. Southern blotting with the DT-A probe revealed that all the transgenic plants either did not have the DT-A gene or harboured truncated DT-A gene in the integrated T-DNAs. None of the transgenic plants carried the complete DT-A gene. The results showed that the DT-A gene can be used as a good non-conditional negative selectable marker in both tobacco and rice. Both CaMV 35S promoter- and Ubi1 promoter-driven DT-A genes were effective as non-conditional negative selectable markers in rice.
Abstract: The diphtheria toxin A subunit gene (DT-A) from Corynebacterium diphtheriae inhibits protein synthesis in eukaryotes. In this study, toxicity of the DT-A gene was evaluated by a transgenic approach in tobacco and rice. The DT-A gene was cloned under transcriptional control of the CaMV 35S promoter and transformed into tobacco. Similarly, CaMV 35S a...
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Growth and Ecophysiological Processes in Seedlings of Dipteryx odorata (Aubl.) Willd Submitted to Two Water Conditions
Bruno Moitinho Maltarolo,
Ellen Gleyce da Silva Lima,
Vitor Resende do Nascimento,
Kerolém Prícila Sousa Cardoso,
Tamires Borges de Oliveira,
Karollyne Renata Souza Silva,
Juscelino Gonçalves Palheta,
Liliane Corrêa Machado,
Thays Corrêa Costa,
Josilene do Carmo Mescouto de Sousa,
Cândido Ferreira de Oliveira Neto,
Roberto Cezar Lobo da Costa
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 5, October 2016
Pages:
113-118
Received:
3 August 2016
Accepted:
13 August 2016
Published:
12 September 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20160405.14
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Abstract: Cumaru is a tree originally from the Amazon. The objective was to analyze the parameters of gas exchange, relative water content, growth and biomass production in leaves and roots of Cumaru plants (Dipteryx odorata) submitted to drought. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Federal Rural University of Amazonia (UFRA), Belem-Para. The experimental design was completely randomized in split plot in time (four times evaluation and two water conditions: control and drought), with 5 repetitions, totaling 40 experimental units. Were applied Analysis of variance, standard deviations, statistical analyzes and the means were compared by Tukey test at 5% significance. Drought caused reduced in diameter, leaf biomass, transpiration, RWC at 7th day of treatment and increased stomatal resistance. The cumaru was not effective in retaining water in the system. The stomatal closure mechanism secured decreased transpiration in the plant loses less water, entertaining this mechanism also affect plant growth.
Abstract: Cumaru is a tree originally from the Amazon. The objective was to analyze the parameters of gas exchange, relative water content, growth and biomass production in leaves and roots of Cumaru plants (Dipteryx odorata) submitted to drought. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Federal Rural University of Amazonia (UFRA), Belem-Para. The...
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Morphological Aspects of Seeds, Emergence and Growth of Seedlings of Surinam Cherry Trees Sown at Different Depths
Oscar José Smiderle,
Aline das Graças Souza,
Ademária Aparecida de Souza
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 5, October 2016
Pages:
119-125
Received:
17 August 2016
Accepted:
31 August 2016
Published:
21 September 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20160405.15
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Abstract: It was intended to obtain the correlations between the biometric characteristics and the influence of the seed size at different depths upon the initial vigor of seedlings of Eugenia uniflora. The work was conducted at Embrapa Roraima, in the Seed Analysis Laboratory and greenhouse. The experimental design (CRD), with the treatments in factorial scheme 2x3, with five replications, was utilized. The separation of the intact seeds and classified into three classes of mass: small (0.6 to 0.79g), medium (0.8 to 0.99g) and large (1.0 to 1.19g) was performed as well as determinate the length, breadth, and thickness. Seeds (small, medium and large) were sown in sand bed at the depth of 2 and 4 cm and maintained for 90 days in nursery with 50% of shading. At 90 days after sowing (DAS), measurement of the shoot height, main root length was carried out and, number of leaves, dry and fresh mass of the shoot and root system and total of the seedlings was determined. As conclusion, the biometric characteristics length, thickness and width of seeds can estimate the seed mass of Eugenia uniflora, due to the strong correlation among these characteristics. Medium and large-sized E. uniflora seeds sown 4cm in depth in medium textured sand constitute a promising option aiming the production of vigorous and better quality seedlings.
Abstract: It was intended to obtain the correlations between the biometric characteristics and the influence of the seed size at different depths upon the initial vigor of seedlings of Eugenia uniflora. The work was conducted at Embrapa Roraima, in the Seed Analysis Laboratory and greenhouse. The experimental design (CRD), with the treatments in factorial sc...
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Overcoming Dormancy in Seeds of Dialium guianense (Aubl.) Sandwitch (Fabaceae – Caesalpinioideae)
Pedro Henrique Oliveira Simões,
Denmora Gomes de Araújo,
Marcos André Piedade Gama,
Luiz Fernandes Silva Dionisio,
Emanoel Rodrigues Caldas,
Denise Siqueira Pereira,
Glauco André dos Santos Nogueira,
Cândido Ferreira de Oliveira Neto,
Juscelino Gonçalves Palheta,
Josilene do Carmo Mescouto de Sousa,
Lenilson Ferreira Palheta
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 5, October 2016
Pages:
126-131
Received:
27 September 2016
Accepted:
5 October 2016
Published:
27 October 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20160405.16
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Abstract: This study has aimed to test different methods of overcoming dormancy, accelerating and standardizing the initial seedling settling and determining the pre-germination treatment that is more effective for the species Dialium guianense (Aubl.) Sandwitch. The seeds were submitted to the following treatments: Control (T1) – only asepsis of seeds was done by immersion in sodium hypochlorite (2 %) for 3 minutes; immersion in sulfuric acid (98 % p.a.) for 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes (T2, T3, T4 and T5, respectively); mechanical chisel plow (T6) – asepsis of seeds by immersion in sodium hypochlorite (2%) for 3 minutes and seed surface abrasion by 80 sandpaper for 15 seconds, always at the edge of the seeds (to avoid damaging the embryo) and then immersed in water for 24 hours. The Dialium guianense seeds have cutaneous dormancy and treatments of chemical chisel plow by means of immersion of the seeds in concentrated sulfuric acid (98%) for 15 and 20 minutes were more effective in overcoming seed dormancy, providing highest values of emergence and Emergence Speed Index (ESI) of seedlings, as well as the highest average of dry matter allocation in the shoot and primary root.
Abstract: This study has aimed to test different methods of overcoming dormancy, accelerating and standardizing the initial seedling settling and determining the pre-germination treatment that is more effective for the species Dialium guianense (Aubl.) Sandwitch. The seeds were submitted to the following treatments: Control (T1) – only asepsis of seeds was d...
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