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Distribution, Molecular Detection and Host Range of Groundnut Rosette Assistor Virus in Western Kenya
Anthony Simiyu Mabele,
Hassan Karakacha Were,
Millicent Florence Owuor Ndong’a,
Benard Mukoye
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 5, October 2019
Pages:
100-105
Received:
4 September 2019
Accepted:
22 September 2019
Published:
9 October 2019
Abstract: Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important legume in western Kenya, but yields are low and declining due to pests and diseases. Groundnut rosette disease (GRD) is the main disease causing upto 100% yield loss. Rosette is transmitted mainly by the groundnut aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch and to a lesser extent by Aphis gosypii Glover and Myzus persicae Sulzer. The disease is caused by synergistic interaction among groundnut rosette assistor virus (GRAV, genus Luteovirus), groundnut rosette virus (GRV, genus Umbravirus) and its associated satellite RNA (sat-RNA). The GRAV plays a crucial role in packaging the other two agents for vector transmission, and therefore a key factor in the spread of GRD. Limited information was available on distribution and host range of rosette disease in western Kenya. This study determined the distribution, molecular detection and host range of GRAV in western Kenya. A survey was conducted in Bungoma and Kakamega Counties during the short and long rains of 2016-2017. Symptomatic leafy samples were collected in RNAlater® stabilization solution and analyzed by RT-PCR. Host range studies were conducted at the Kenya Agricultural, Livestock and Research Organization (KALRO)-Kakamega. Five popular legumes of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.), green gram (Vigna radiata), soybean (Glycine max) and one solanaceous golden berry (Physalis peruviana L.) were planted in a 4×6 factorial design. The plants at three leaf-stage, were mechanically inoculated with GRD inoculum prepared from RT-PCR positive samples. The plants were monitored for symptom development in the screenhouse for 8 weeks. Total RNA was extracted from the leaf samples using RNeasy Mini Kit (Qiagen) according to the manufacturers’ protocol. A two-step RT-PCR was done using primers designed targeting GRAV CP gene. Rosette incidence and severity was significantly higher during the short rains than the long rains. All tested plants from the screen house developed typical GRD symptoms, and were found positive by RT-PCR. It is concluded that GRD is the major virus disease of groundnuts and infects most legumes grown in western Kenya. Breeding for resistance to both the groundnut aphid and GRAV coat protein (CP) gene, might be the only practical solution.
Abstract: Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important legume in western Kenya, but yields are low and declining due to pests and diseases. Groundnut rosette disease (GRD) is the main disease causing upto 100% yield loss. Rosette is transmitted mainly by the groundnut aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch and to a lesser extent by Aphis gosypii Glover and Myzus pe...
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Evaluation of Korea Rice Germplasm for Yield and Yield Components Adaptable to Nigeria Environmental Conditions
Sonangnon Tonegnikes,
Andrew Efisue,
Victor Adetimirin,
Afeez Shittu Afeez Shittu,
Exonam Amegan
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 5, October 2019
Pages:
106-116
Received:
24 September 2019
Accepted:
7 October 2019
Published:
17 October 2019
Abstract: In this current century, West Africa will continue facing major problem of food shortage. This implies increase in the rice cultivation and productivity as rice is one of their major staple crops. This study was carried out at Africa Rice Center, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) Ibadan, Nigeria, and evaluated 30 accessions (anther culture derived) from South Korea with 10 adapted genotypes form Nigeria for their performance. The experiment was conducted in dry season using Alpha lattice design with eight blocks each planted in five entries, replicated three times. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) among the genotypes of the studied traits. Thus, suggest the presence of wide genetic variability, which is of important, as it gives large spectrum of selection to the breeders for hybridization. Based on their means, genotypes such as FARO 67, UPN 287, FARO 66, UPN 315 and UPIA1 showed maximum tillering ability per plant, while, UPN 349, UPN 335, UPN 271, UPN 324 and UPN 300 showed the highest number of spikelets per panicle. The genotypes such as UPIA 1, SAHEL 21, UPN 301, UPN 266 and FARO 57 proved to be better for 1000_grain weight, while UPIA 1, UPN 266, UPN 349, UPN 300 and FARO 67 were better for grain yield per plant. Cluster analysis grouped the 40 genotypes into five clusters. Dendogram showed maximum genetic distance between group A and group E indicating genetic diversity among these groups. Minimum genetic diversity was observed between group B and group E. FARO 67, UPN 287, UPN 349, UPIA 1, UPN 266 and UPN 300 shown to be the most promising genotypes that could be used for rice hybridization, genetic improvement and rice hybrid programme.
Abstract: In this current century, West Africa will continue facing major problem of food shortage. This implies increase in the rice cultivation and productivity as rice is one of their major staple crops. This study was carried out at Africa Rice Center, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) Ibadan, Nigeria, and evaluated 30 accessions (an...
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Investigation of Nut Qualities of Pecan Cultivars Grown in China
Xiaodong Jia,
Huiting Luo,
Mengyang Xu,
Gang Wang,
Jiping Xuan,
Zhongren Guo
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 5, October 2019
Pages:
117-124
Received:
15 September 2019
Accepted:
7 October 2019
Published:
20 October 2019
Abstract: Pecan had been introduced into China for over one hundred years and had raised great attentions as a woody oil crop these years, but the detailed nut qualities of pecan cultivars grown in China had not been evaluated before. To access the adaptabilities of different pecan cultivars after introduce and for future utilization of these cultivars, the pecan nut quality had been evaluated in this article. Both physical and chemical nut quality traits were evaluated on Chinese-grown pecan cultivars, including nut weight, nut shape, shell thickness, kernel, lipid, fatty acid content, tocopherol content, antioxidant capacities of lipids, phenolics contents and their antioxidant capacities. Great variability existed among different cultivars in most of the nut quality traits. After introduced, physical traits changed in different ways, which suggested that cultivars have different adaptabilities. Cultivars 'Desirable', 'Western' or 'Kanza' are high in oleic acid, while cultivar 'Pawnee' is high in γ-tocopherol. Cultivar 'Mahan' had significant high values of total phenolic content (TPC), condensed tannins (CT), total flavonoid content (TFC), ellagic acid content and antioxidant capacity of defatted kernel compared to other cultivars, which made it an suitable material for further study of phenolics in pecan. This article provided detailed analyses of the nut qualities of Chinese-grown pecan cultivars for the first time, which can be useful for future studies.
Abstract: Pecan had been introduced into China for over one hundred years and had raised great attentions as a woody oil crop these years, but the detailed nut qualities of pecan cultivars grown in China had not been evaluated before. To access the adaptabilities of different pecan cultivars after introduce and for future utilization of these cultivars, the ...
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Transferability of Some Nuclear Microsatellite (SSRs) Markers from Related Species in Parkia biglobosa
Kourouma Koura,
Antoine Abel Missihoun,
Paulin Sedah,
Hubert Adoukonou-Sagbadja,
Clément Agbangla,
Corneille Ahanhanzo,
Jean Cossi Ganglo
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 5, October 2019
Pages:
125-130
Received:
7 September 2019
Accepted:
5 October 2019
Published:
23 October 2019
Abstract: Molecular DNA markers, particularly microsatellites (SSRs), are important tools for plant genetic resources characterization. The present study examined the transferability of nine polymorphic microsatellite markers developed for Parkia panurensis in Parkia biglobosa from Northern Benin, favorite area of Parkia biglobosa. Fourty (40) accessions have been considered. Five microsatellite loci (Parpan 3, Parpan 4, Parpan 9, Parpan 13 and Parpan 15) showed good amplifications in Parkia biglobosa. The size of the amplified markers, ranging from 100 to 200 bases pairs, was similar to those previously reported. Forest tree species are too numerous to benefit all a significant investment in molecular biology. Also, the present study has shown that the transfer of markers between species is possible. The transferability is possible for the species Parkia biglobosa, too. The microsatellites identified in this study are important to analyse the genetic structure and diversity of natural populations of Parkia biglobosa in Benin particularly and in the world generally. They are also important to analyse the evolution of species with phylogeny construction, to analyse the genome with its applications in genetic improvement and genetic identification of given material. For these different studies, the microsatellites of the present study could be completed to those defined for Parkia biglobosa.
Abstract: Molecular DNA markers, particularly microsatellites (SSRs), are important tools for plant genetic resources characterization. The present study examined the transferability of nine polymorphic microsatellite markers developed for Parkia panurensis in Parkia biglobosa from Northern Benin, favorite area of Parkia biglobosa. Fourty (40) accessions hav...
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