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Physicochemical Characterization of Biofield Treated Orchid Maintenance/Replate Medium
Mahendra Kumar Trivedi,
Alice Branton,
Dahryn Trivedi,
Gopal Nayak,
Ragini Singh,
Snehasis Jana
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, December 2015
Pages:
285-293
Received:
8 October 2015
Accepted:
19 October 2015
Published:
16 November 2015
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20150306.11
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Abstract: Orchids are used worldwide for indoor decoration, vanilla production, and beverage preparation. They are also reported for their therapeutic efficacy in brain-related problems. The in vitro micropropagation technique was used for their propagation using the orchid maintenance/replate (OMR) medium. The current study was based on analysing the effect of biofield energy treatment on the physicochemical properties of OMR medium. A part of the sample was treated with Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy; various physicochemical properties were analyzed and compared with the untreated (control) part. The X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the decrease in crystallite size of treated sample (132.80 nm) as compared to the control (147.55 nm). The particle size analysis revealed 20.78% increase in average particle size and 39.29% increase in d99 (size below which 99% particles are present) of the treated OMR medium as compared to the control. Moreover, the surface area of the treated sample was reduced by 3.9%, supporting the data of particle size analysis. The thermal analysis studies revealed an increase in the thermal stability of the treated OMR medium as compared to the control. The analysis was done by using differential scanning calorimetry that showed increase in melting point (1.23%) and latent heat of fusion (135.7%); and thermogravimetric analysis that reported increase in onset temperature and maximum thermal degradation temperature of the treated sample as compared to the control. Besides, the CHNSO analysis revealed the increase in percentage of nitrogen (22.22%) as well as the presence of sulphur in the treated sample. The Fourier transform infrared and UV-visible spectroscopy also showed the differences in the spectra of the treated sample as compared to the control OMR medium. Hence, the overall data revealed the impact of biofield energy treatment on the physicochemical properties of the treated sample that might be used in better way in the in vitro culture techniques as compared to the control sample.
Abstract: Orchids are used worldwide for indoor decoration, vanilla production, and beverage preparation. They are also reported for their therapeutic efficacy in brain-related problems. The in vitro micropropagation technique was used for their propagation using the orchid maintenance/replate (OMR) medium. The current study was based on analysing the effect...
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Proline and Betaine Upregulated Glutathione Dependent Detoxification Enzymes in Tolerant Maize Seedlings under Saline Stress
Md. Motiar Rohman,
M. R. Molla,
Md. Mahfuzur Rahman,
Asgar Ahmed,
Arindam Biswas,
Mohammad Amiruzzaman
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, December 2015
Pages:
294-302
Received:
27 September 2015
Accepted:
26 October 2015
Published:
17 November 2015
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20150306.12
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Abstract: Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs, EC: 2.5.1.18) and Glyoxalases [Glyoxalase-I (Gly-I, EC: 4.4.1.5) and glyoxalase-II (Gly-II, EC: 3.1.2.6)] are major glutathione dependent detoxification as well as important antioxidants enzymes in plants. On the other hand, proline and betaine are important osmoprotectants in plants under abiotic stresses including salinity. In this study, roles of GST, Gly-I, Gly-II and glutathione were investigated on cytotoxic metabolites in presence of 15 mM proline and betaine under 16 dSm-1 salinity in leaves of seedlings of a saline tolerant maize inbred CZ-10 to understand the underlying saline tolerant mechanism. The salinity stress increased the contents of H2O2, melondialdehyde (MDA), methylglyoxal (MG) along with decreased reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione redox state over control. The activities of GST and Gly-I increased under saline stress. However, activity of Gly-II decreased with stress duration. The application of proline and betaine in saline water reduced the contents of H2O2, MDA and MG. Conversely, proline and betaine increased the activities of GST, Gly-I and Gly-II, and GSH and glutathione-redox state over salinity stress. The western blotting of the soluble protein also suggested the accumulation of maize GST in leaf under salinity stress. The accumulation of GST along with reduced contents of H2O2 and MDA suggested its detoxification roles on organic hydroperoxides under saline stress. The higher activities of Gly-I and Gly-II concurrently with lower content of MG indicated their protective roles from cytotoxic MG. Considering all, this study concluded that both proline and betaine provided protective roles in maize seedlings under salinity stress by maintaining GSH and its related detoxification enzymes.
Abstract: Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs, EC: 2.5.1.18) and Glyoxalases [Glyoxalase-I (Gly-I, EC: 4.4.1.5) and glyoxalase-II (Gly-II, EC: 3.1.2.6)] are major glutathione dependent detoxification as well as important antioxidants enzymes in plants. On the other hand, proline and betaine are important osmoprotectants in plants under abiotic stresses includin...
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Toxicological Study of the Seed Extracts from Dodonaea madagascariensis Radlk (Sapindaceae), a Malagasy Medicinal Plant
Mihajasoa Stella Razanatseheno,
Clara Fredeline Rajemiarimoelisoa,
Zoarilala Rinah Razafindrakoto,
David Ramanitrahasimbola,
Danielle Aurore Doll Rakoto,
Hanitra Ranjana Randrianarivo,
Victor Louis Jeannoda
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, December 2015
Pages:
303-309
Received:
26 October 2015
Accepted:
4 November 2015
Published:
19 November 2015
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20150306.13
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Abstract: This work was designed to study the seed toxicity of Dodonaea madagascariensis Radlk. (Sapindaceae), an endemic plant to Madagascar with multiple medicinal uses. Using different experimental models of animals, seed methanolic extract of D. madagascariensis (SMED) was found to be toxic to mice (LD50 of 36.12 mg/ kg by intraperitoneal route), chicks (Gallus gallus domesticus), juvenile fishes (Cyprinus carpio) (LC50 of 4.33 µg/mL) and frog tadpoles (Ptychadena mascareniensis) (LC50 of 5.41 µg/mL). Toxicity was ascribed to saponin group only. In mice, SMED developed different symptoms when administered by intraperitoneal, subcutaneous and oral routes. Trailing of the posterior limbs, low body posture, tremors, ataxia, abdominal breathing and at high dose, diarrhea were the most common occurring symptoms. In acute and subchronic administrations, SMED caused damages in the liver, kidneys, lungs, small and large intestines while brain, heart and stomach were not affected. No significant changes on serum concentration of ASAT, ALAT and creatinine were observed after oral subchronic exposure (30 days) to SMED at 12.71 mg/kg. SMED exerted a positive inotropic effect on isolated guinea pig atria at 12.5 µg/mL and had a hemolytic activity. In the light of these preliminary results, the toxicity of D. madagascariensis seeds could be used in the control of harmful cold blooded animals.
Abstract: This work was designed to study the seed toxicity of Dodonaea madagascariensis Radlk. (Sapindaceae), an endemic plant to Madagascar with multiple medicinal uses. Using different experimental models of animals, seed methanolic extract of D. madagascariensis (SMED) was found to be toxic to mice (LD50 of 36.12 mg/ kg by intraperitoneal route), chicks ...
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Looking Inside Non-coding Chloroplast Regions of Calophyllum brasiliense (Calophyllaceae) to Understand Its Southernmost Population Distribution
Cecilia Beatriz Percuoco,
Liliana Noelia Talavera Stéfani,
Manuela Edith Rodríguez,
Naiké Lucía González,
Juan Fernando Crivello,
Jorge Víctor Crisci,
Carina Francisca Argüelles
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, December 2015
Pages:
310-319
Received:
6 October 2015
Accepted:
23 October 2015
Published:
19 November 2015
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20150306.14
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Abstract: In recent years the growing interest in the conservation of Paraná River’s riparian forest led to the discovery of botanical novelties for Argentina. Populations of Calophyllum brasiliense Camb. (Calophyllaceae), a typically flooded lowlands species, were identified in the remaining hygrophile forest of northeast Argentina and southeast Paraguay. Deforestation and flooding, due to the construction of dams, have caused these populations to suffer intensive fragmentation. The aim of this work was to infer phylogeographic relationships among five populations of C. brasiliense, three from Argentina and two from Paraguay, which represent the southernmost points of species’ distribution. We also compared them with samples of a C. brasiliense population from Mexico, the northernmost edge of the species distribution. The chloroplast intergenic spacers petG-trnP, psbJ-petA and the trnL-UAA chloroplast intron were amplified from leaves’ DNA. A total of 2234 bp were characterized once the three regions were analyzed. The three chloroplast regions showed nucleotide differences, represented by InDels, inversions and a few SNPs; however, only the trnL intron was selected for further phylogeographic analysis due to the amount of the information obtained for all populations. Based on trnL intron, it was possible to estimate nucleotide and haplotype diversity (π = 0.00237 and Hd = 0.29600, respectively). Three haplotypes were identified, which allowed Argentinean, Paraguayan and Mexican populations to be differentiated. Based on the three haplotypes found, we discuss and propose a model for a C. brasiliense’ geographic dispersion and historical colonization routes, including an alternative new one to the well-known of the Paraná River.
Abstract: In recent years the growing interest in the conservation of Paraná River’s riparian forest led to the discovery of botanical novelties for Argentina. Populations of Calophyllum brasiliense Camb. (Calophyllaceae), a typically flooded lowlands species, were identified in the remaining hygrophile forest of northeast Argentina and southeast Paraguay. D...
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Response of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Yield and Yield Components to Nitrogen Fertilizer and Planting Density at Haramaya, Eastern Ethiopia
Alemayehu Tilahun Getie,
Nigussie Dechassa,
Tamado Tana
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, December 2015
Pages:
320-328
Received:
10 September 2015
Accepted:
25 September 2015
Published:
5 December 2015
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20150306.15
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Abstract: To investigate the effect of nitrogen fertilizer and planting density on yield and yield components of potato crop (Bubu variety), a field experiment was carried out in Haramaya, Eastern Ethiopia during the rainy season of 2012. The experiment was a 4 x 5 factorial combination and a randomized complete block design with 3 replicates. Treatments included quantity of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 110, 165 and 220 kg N/ha) and planting density (4.17 plant m-2 (80 cm x 30 cm), 4.44 plant m-2 (75 cm x 30 cm), 5.56 plant m-2 (60 cm x 30 cm), 6.67 plant m-2 (60 cm x 25 cm) and 8 plant m-2 (50 cm x 25 cm)). Increasing nitrogen level up to110 kg N/ha lead to more tuber yield, highest stem number, plant height, total dry biomass, total tuber number, large-sized tuber yield (59.01%) and marketable tuber yield. The highest foliar N concentration was recorded at 165 kg N/ha. Increasing planting density resulted in higher tuber yield; total tuber number, total dry biomass yield (%), marketable tuber yield and small-sized tuber yield (16.92%). Highest foliar N concentration was found at the lower planting densities of 4.17 and 4.44 plant m-2. Yield of tuber per hectare was significantly and positively correlated with leaf area index, total tuber number, days to physiological maturity and total dry biomass yield. In conclusion, results of the experiment revealed that 110 kg N/ha and planting density of 6.67 plant m-2 resulted in optimum total (35.50 and 35.66 t/ha, respectively) and marketable tuber yields of the Bubu variety in Haramaya, Eastern Ethiopia during the rainy season.
Abstract: To investigate the effect of nitrogen fertilizer and planting density on yield and yield components of potato crop (Bubu variety), a field experiment was carried out in Haramaya, Eastern Ethiopia during the rainy season of 2012. The experiment was a 4 x 5 factorial combination and a randomized complete block design with 3 replicates. Treatments inc...
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Morpho-physiological and Yield Contributing Characters and Yield of Sesame with 1-Napthalene Acetic Acid (NAA)
Md. Abubakar Siddik,
Mohammad Mahbub Islam,
Md. Ashabul Hoque,
Shahidul Islam,
Suraya Parvin,
Mominul Haque Rabin
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, December 2015
Pages:
329-336
Received:
4 November 2015
Accepted:
15 November 2015
Published:
5 December 2015
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20150306.16
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Abstract: The experiment was undertaken in the Farm laboratory of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University (SAU), Dhaka, during Kharif 1 season, April to July 2013 to examine the response of different levels of foliar application of 1-napthaleneacitic acid (NAA) on morpho-physiology, yield contributing attributes and seed yield of sesame using variety BARI Til 4. The treatments of this experiment consisted of four different levels of NAA viz. A0 = 0 ppm, A1 = 25 ppm, A2 = 50 ppm and A3 = 75 ppm. The research was laid out in single factors Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. In this study, NAA significantly increased morphological characters- plant height, leaf number plant-1, branch number plant-1, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root other than leaf and branch number plant-1 of at 30 and 40 DAS. As morphological parameters NAA also significantly improves yield contributing characters of sesame-the number of pod plant-1, diameter and length of pod, seed weight plant-1 and plot-1, thousand seed weight compared to without NAA. The foliar application of 50 ppm NAA increased seed yield of sesame (1.22 t/ha) which is consistent with the results of morph-physiological and yield contributing characters of this study. Separately, the higher dose of NAA, 75 ppm failed to produce better results of this experiment including seed yield. These results suggest that NAA shows a positive consequence to increase the seed yield of sesame by changing the plant architecture and biomass production. Based on the present results, it can be suggested that the 50 ppm NAA is appropriate for higher yield of sesame var. BARI Til 4 under the climatic conditions of SAU.
Abstract: The experiment was undertaken in the Farm laboratory of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University (SAU), Dhaka, during Kharif 1 season, April to July 2013 to examine the response of different levels of foliar application of 1-napthaleneacitic acid (NAA) on morpho-physiology, yield contributing attributes and seed yield of sesame using variety BARI Til ...
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Biochemical Nature of a Natural α-Amylase Inhibitor from Wild Amaranth (Amaranthus paniculatus) Seeds
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, December 2015
Pages:
337-341
Received:
31 October 2014
Accepted:
10 November 2014
Published:
5 December 2015
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20150306.17
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Abstract: Endogenous á-amylase inhibitors exist widely in animals, plants and microorganisms. These inhibitors show remarkable structure variety with different modes of inhibition and specificity against different á-amylases. To explore the alpha-amylase inhibitors in wild amaranth, a novel proteinaceous inhibitor of á-amylase, named WAI-1, was purified and its structure and function were investigated in this study. WAI-1 was one of the smallest proteinaceous inhibitors with a molecular weight of 986.5 Da. The structural analysis exposed that WAI-1 was a cyclic nonapeptide of nine amino acids, with pyroglutamate as the N-terminal. The hydrolysis in hydrochloric acid solution opened the loop of the side chain of WAI-1 at the N-terminal, but did not affect its inhibitory activity. However, the hydrolysis by trypsin disconnected arginine at the c-terminal, causing almost a full loss of its inhibitory activity. WAI-1 had good heat stability and specific inhibitory activity against á-amylases of the insects. The integrity of the molecular loop structure of WAI-1 was critical for its stability and inhibitory activity.
Abstract: Endogenous á-amylase inhibitors exist widely in animals, plants and microorganisms. These inhibitors show remarkable structure variety with different modes of inhibition and specificity against different á-amylases. To explore the alpha-amylase inhibitors in wild amaranth, a novel proteinaceous inhibitor of á-amylase, named WAI-1, was purified and ...
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Effects of Traditional Practice of Soil Burning (Guie) on Soil Chemical Properties at Sheno Areas of North Shoa, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, December 2015
Pages:
342-348
Received:
21 October 2015
Accepted:
30 October 2015
Published:
10 December 2015
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20150306.18
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Abstract: The study was conducted at the Kimbibit District, which is located in the North Shoa Zone of Oromia National Regional State, with the objective of investigating the effects of traditional practice of soil burning (guie) on soil chemical properties of soils of the study area. Disturbed soil samples were collected from farmers’ burned fields and normal fields in three peasant associations. The burned soils samples were collected from the bottom, middle and top of the heap. Soil parameters were analyzed using standard procedures and the results were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA). Mean separation was done using the least significant difference (LSD). Except percentage base saturation and available Cu, all the other parameters considered in this study were significantly affected by soil burning. The burning reduced organic carbon (73.7, 85.3 and 75.1%), total N (52.6, 68.4 and 26.3%), CEC (30.8, 44.8 and 37.2%), exchangeable Na (0.9, 14.2 and 13.3%), exchangeable Ca (27.9, 49.6 and 35.3%), exchangeable Mg (16.7, 26.7 and 20.0%) and available Fe (13.4, 26.2 and 35.3%) on the bottom, middle and top of the heap, respectively. Burning increased soil pH (5.6, 15.2 and 8.1%), available phosphorous (955.6, 1219.4 and 986.1%), exchangeable K (165.7, 328.6 and 165.7%), available Zinc (239.4, 284.8 and 219.6%) and Mn (6.5, 13.3 and 9.0%) on the bottom, middle and top of the heap, respectively. The soil attributes due to soil burning showed an overall change towards the direction of the loss of its chemical fertility compared to unburned soils.
Abstract: The study was conducted at the Kimbibit District, which is located in the North Shoa Zone of Oromia National Regional State, with the objective of investigating the effects of traditional practice of soil burning (guie) on soil chemical properties of soils of the study area. Disturbed soil samples were collected from farmers’ burned fields and norm...
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Toxicity Study of Pittosporum ochrosiaefolium Bojer (Pittosporaceae) a Medicinal Plant of Madagascar
Maholy Pricille Ratsimiebo,
David Ramanitrahasimbola,
Clara Fredeline Rajemiarimoelisoa,
Zoarilala Rinah Razafindrakoto,
Hanitra Ranjana Randrianarivo,
Danielle Aurore Doll Rakoto,
Victor Louis Jeannoda
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, December 2015
Pages:
349-357
Received:
10 November 2015
Accepted:
20 November 2015
Published:
10 December 2015
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20150306.19
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Abstract: The present work aimed to assess the leaf toxicity of Pittosporum ochrosiaefolium Bojer, a well-known medicinal plant endemic to Madagascar. Leaf methanolic extract (LME), obtained after successive extractions by hexan and methanol, was tested in vivo on warm and cold-blooded animals and in vitro on isolated atria of guinea-pig. LME was toxic to mice with a LD50 of about 46.69 mg/kg of body weight by intraperitoneal route. It induced mainly nervous disorders (body fasciculation, clonic convulsions), respiratory troubles (reduction of respiration frequency and cyanosis) and diarrheas. By intraperitoneal route, LME (46.69 mg/kg) caused histopathological lesions in lungs, liver, kidneys, small and large intestines but had no effects on brain, heart and stomach. Vascular congestion, inflammatory infiltrates, edema and necrosis were frequently observed. LME had a positive inotropic effect but no significant chronotropic one on isolated atria. It did not alter renal and hepatic functions at 21.24 mg/kg. It was highly toxic to the frog Ptychadena mascareniensis (LC50 of 13.51 µg/mL) and the fish Cyprinus carpio (LC50 of 8.2 µg/mL). It was also toxic to mosquito larvae Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes albopictus with LC50 of 720 ppm and 910 ppm respectively. Different chemical compound groups were found in LME but only saponins proved to be toxic. Under certain conditions, P. ochrosiaefolium might be exploited as source of pesticides or therapeutic molecules.
Abstract: The present work aimed to assess the leaf toxicity of Pittosporum ochrosiaefolium Bojer, a well-known medicinal plant endemic to Madagascar. Leaf methanolic extract (LME), obtained after successive extractions by hexan and methanol, was tested in vivo on warm and cold-blooded animals and in vitro on isolated atria of guinea-pig. LME was toxic to mi...
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Maximizing Nitrogen and Land Use Efficiencies of Intercropped Wheat with Pea Under Different Pea Sowing Dates
Ahmed Mohamed Sheha,
Tamer Ibrahim Abdel-Wahab,
Sherif Ibrahim Abdel-Wahab
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, December 2015
Pages:
358-371
Received:
31 October 2015
Accepted:
25 November 2015
Published:
14 December 2015
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20150306.20
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Abstract: A two – year field trial was conducted with intercropped pea + wheat and sole crops to decrease nitrogen (N) inputs of wheat crop by intercropping with pea and increase farmer's benefit. Average yield of pea + wheat intercrops was greater by growing wheat after 45 days from pea sowing. Application of mineral N fertilizer doses increased grain yield of intercropped wheat, but had non-significant effect on intercropped green pod yield of pea. Land equivalent ratio (LER) and land equivalent coefficient (LEC) values for intercrops were much greater than 1.00 and 0.25, respectively, indicating less land requirements of intercropping systems than sole wheat. As a result of intercropping; yield, N uptake and net returns were improved in intercropped wheat with pea, suggesting the potential of intercropped wheat was increased compared to those of sole wheat.
Abstract: A two – year field trial was conducted with intercropped pea + wheat and sole crops to decrease nitrogen (N) inputs of wheat crop by intercropping with pea and increase farmer's benefit. Average yield of pea + wheat intercrops was greater by growing wheat after 45 days from pea sowing. Application of mineral N fertilizer doses increased grain yield...
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Effect of Biofield Energy Treatment on Chlorophyll Content, Pathological Study, and Molecular Analysis of Cashew Plant (Anacardium occidentale L.)
Mahendra Kumar Trivedi,
Alice Branton,
Dahryn Trivedi,
Gopal Nayak,
Mayank Gangwar,
Snehasis Jana
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, December 2015
Pages:
372-382
Received:
30 October 2015
Accepted:
24 November 2015
Published:
21 December 2015
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20150306.21
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Abstract: In the world scenario, India occupies a premier position contributing to about 43 per cent production of the cashew nut (Anacardium occidentale L.) along with export and processing. The aim is to study the impact of biofield energy treatment on selected farms for cashew farming. The control and biofield treated farms were divided as control and treated farms, and Mr. Trivedi provided the biofield energy treatment to the treated farms. Further, the plants and fruits were analyzed for overall growth of plants, chlorophyll content, productivity, pathological study, and shelf life using UN specifications for International Trade, biophoton emission study, and DNA fingerprinting using RAPD method. No chemicals, fertilizers, were used on the treated plot, although regular practices were followed on control farms such as fertilizers, pesticides and fungicides due to the high incidence of disease and the requirement of nutritional supplements in the region. The analysis showed that biofield treated farm plants have thicker and stronger branches with more secondary and tertiary branches, flowering pattern, and canopy of plants was improved than trees of the same variety along with height of the plants, as compared with the control. The results showed that chlorophyll a and b content in biofield treated lands plants were increased by approximately 30% and 93% respectively, while total chlorophyll content by 45% as compared with the control. The pathological examination showed the presence of fungi namely Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Botryodiplodia theobromae in control, which were absent in treated plants. Biophoton study suggested that the cashew fruits were bigger in size with high density, strength, and vitality as compared with the control. The shelf life analysis reflected that the biofield treated cashews showed sweet taste, and can be stored for longer duration due to less moisture, and altered minerals content, such as high iodine, and low p-anisidine level. RAPD analysis showed a high level of polymorphism among control and treated samples, while level of true polymorphism among V4 variety of cashew was ranges from 0 to 100%, and in V7 variety, it ranged from 25 to 91% using different set of RAPD primers. Overall, study results suggest that Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment on land planted with cashew could be an alternative approach to improve the overall growth of plant, and fruit yield.
Abstract: In the world scenario, India occupies a premier position contributing to about 43 per cent production of the cashew nut (Anacardium occidentale L.) along with export and processing. The aim is to study the impact of biofield energy treatment on selected farms for cashew farming. The control and biofield treated farms were divided as control and tre...
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