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GC-MS Analysis of Phyto Components from the Stem Bark of Cola nitida Schott & Endl
Olakunle Olayinka Mebude,
Bola. Adeniyi
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, August 2017
Pages:
99-103
Received:
30 April 2017
Accepted:
27 June 2017
Published:
18 July 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20170504.11
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Abstract: The biochemical constituents of extracts obtained from the stem bark of Cola nitida collected from the University of Ibadan, Nigeria is being reported. The ethanol extracts was analysed by Gas chromatography- mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) technique. The main constituents of the extracts were Cycloheptasiloxane tetradeca-methyl (35.287%), Cyclohexasiloxane dodecamethyl (24.941%), Cyclooctasiloxane hexadecamethyl (17.574%), 1H- cycloprop (e) azulen-7-ol-decahydro-1,1,7-trimethyl-4-methylene (7.816%), Cycloconasiloxane octadecamethyl (6.995%), Benzimidazol-5-amine-1-4-ethoxyp (2.265%) and 5-acetyl-2-benzylsulfanyl-6-methyl-nicotinonitrile (1.467%).
Abstract: The biochemical constituents of extracts obtained from the stem bark of Cola nitida collected from the University of Ibadan, Nigeria is being reported. The ethanol extracts was analysed by Gas chromatography- mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) technique. The main constituents of the extracts were Cycloheptasiloxane tetradeca-methyl (35.287%), Cyclohexasilox...
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Management of Root Rot Diseases of Cool Season Food Legumes Crops in Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, August 2017
Pages:
104-109
Received:
28 April 2017
Accepted:
24 May 2017
Published:
15 August 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20170504.12
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Abstract: Particularly in Ethiopia legumes grown in 2014/15 covered 12.41% (1,558,442.04 hectares) of the grain crop area and 9.88% (about 26,718,430.40 quintals) of the grain production was drawn from the same crops. Legumes, which occupy approximately 13 percent of cultivated land and account for approximately 10 percent of the agricultural value addition, are critical to smallholder livelihoods in Ethiopia. The major constraints to the production of these crops are diseases, insect pest attack, poor agronomic practices and lack of improved cultivars and crop protection technologies. Root rot diseases are a major limiting factor in legume production. The diseases depress seedling germination and cause post emergence damping off, resulting in poor crop stand and low yields. Several root rot casing pathogen such as Rhizoctonia bataticola, Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium solani on chickpea, Rhizoctonia bataticola and Rhizoctonia solani on lentil and Rhizoctonia bataticola, Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium solani on faba bean have been reported in Ethiopia. They can cause yield loss up to 45% and 50% in faba bean and chickpea if properly not manage. Based on this information review was made to review some available root rot management methods of legume crops and to make some suggestions on the methods which are not practice yet. Several chemicals, cultural practice and bio-gent used to control this disease. Among bio-agent mostly used to control this disease are Trichoderma viride and Bacillus megaterium take a great share. In the future particularly in our country full exploitation of the potential of biological control of this disease has to be done. In general techniques which are based on the molecular techniques like marker assisted selection to deploy resistance has to be applied in the processes of creating resistant variety development.
Abstract: Particularly in Ethiopia legumes grown in 2014/15 covered 12.41% (1,558,442.04 hectares) of the grain crop area and 9.88% (about 26,718,430.40 quintals) of the grain production was drawn from the same crops. Legumes, which occupy approximately 13 percent of cultivated land and account for approximately 10 percent of the agricultural value addition,...
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Regulation of Physiological and Biochemical Processes in an Intact Plant Is Determined by Interaction of Flows of Substance Bulk Transfer
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, August 2017
Pages:
110-119
Received:
12 June 2017
Accepted:
19 June 2017
Published:
17 August 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20170504.13
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Abstract: The analysis of characteristic features of photosynthesis alterations, assimilate transport, growth function, and plant leaf ultrastructure under the changes in sink-source relations (SSR) between photosynthetic and sink organs is carried out, as well as the level of nitrogen (nitrate) nutrition. Under modeling conditions, there is shown NO-triggering mechanism of inhibition of assimilate export from leaves which becomes involved with the increase in the plant apoplast nitrate level. The concept that the plant metabolism regulation under the changes of environmental conditions is realized through the interaction of counter flows of nitrates and photoassimilates. This interaction involves changing in the degree of reduction of absorbed nitrates resulting in NO formation. By activating the callose synthesis, NO plugs pores in sieve tubes and inhibits sugar transport along the phloem. Numerous genes are activated under the effect of NO signal system. Out of all enzymes synthesized due to the expression of these genes, there function and change the metabolism only the ones for which cofactors and substrates resulting from SSR disturbance exist. Such reorganization of metabolism occurs every new photoperiod in accordance with new levels of assimilates and nitrates in plants.
Abstract: The analysis of characteristic features of photosynthesis alterations, assimilate transport, growth function, and plant leaf ultrastructure under the changes in sink-source relations (SSR) between photosynthetic and sink organs is carried out, as well as the level of nitrogen (nitrate) nutrition. Under modeling conditions, there is shown NO-trigger...
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Management of Chocolate Spot (Botrytis fabae L.) on Faba Bean in Bale Highland’s, Ethiopia
Dagne Kora,
Temam Hussein,
Seid Ahmed
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, August 2017
Pages:
120-129
Received:
25 October 2016
Accepted:
10 March 2017
Published:
22 August 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20170504.14
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Abstract: Field experiment was conducted at Sinana Agricultural Research Center in the 2014 main cropping season with the objectives wasto study the reaction of faba bean varieties to infection of the chocolate spot and to assess yield losses caused by chocolate spot (Botrytis fabae) of faba bean four varieties. The highest mean final disease severity at (118 DAP) 38.29% was recorded on the main plots of the local variety and lowest mean final disease severity 32.75% was on the main plots of the variety Mosisa. The maximum Area Under the disease progress curves (AUDPC) was calculated on the unsprayed plots of local variety and Walki, which were 1817%-days and 1716.42%- days respectively. On unsprayed plots of variety local chocolate spot development was increasing at a rate of 0.03 units per day. For the variety local, chocolate spot severity index assessed from 90 DAP had significant negative correlation with yield and had highly significant negative correlation with hundred seed weight with coefficient of correlation ranging from(r=-0.67 to r=-0.62, P<0.05 and r–0.71 to r=-0.75, P<0.01) for yield and hundred seed weight, respectively. The linear regression of AUDPC better described the relationships between faba bean yield and disease severity compared to percent severity index for the variety Shallo. The estimate showed that for each unit increase in percent of chocolate spot AUDPC, there was a grain yield loss of 1.19 kg/ha The estimated slope of the regression line obtained for the variety Shallo was -1.19. Based on coefficient of determination (R2) value, the equations explained about 78% of variation in yield due to chocolate spot severity. Maximum relative grain yield losses of 47.8 and 46.7% were recorded due to chocolate spot severity on the varieties Mosisa and Sinana local, respectively.
Abstract: Field experiment was conducted at Sinana Agricultural Research Center in the 2014 main cropping season with the objectives wasto study the reaction of faba bean varieties to infection of the chocolate spot and to assess yield losses caused by chocolate spot (Botrytis fabae) of faba bean four varieties. The highest mean final disease severity at (11...
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