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Physiological and Chemical Characteristics of Age-Differed Ficus benjamina L. Trees Cultivated in El-ahassa, Saudi Arabia
Amal Fadl Ahmed Abdelkader,
Adnan Metab Aldughaish
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, August 2016
Pages:
63-67
Received:
22 May 2016
Accepted:
31 May 2016
Published:
17 June 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20160404.11
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Abstract: For their biological importance, leaves from two foliage Ficus benjamina (F. benjamina) trees "90 and 120 days old" growing two meters close to each other were investigated and compared for their physiological and chemical content in response to environmental factors of El-Ahassa, Saudi Arabia. Mineral composition (Ca, Fe, K, Cu, Si and Zn), total phenols, flavonoids, tartaric esters and anthocyanins were quantified. Photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a & b and carotenoids), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were analyzed. Besides, their chemical profile was screened using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. Our data showed an increased Ca, Fe and Zn content in leaves of younger trees and an increased K and Si in leaves of older ones. The Cu content was insignificantly higher in older trees. Total phenols, flavonoids, tartaric esters and anthocyanins of methanol-extracts were generally higher in 90 d compared to 120 d old trees. The photosynthetic pigments were higher in older tree whereas CAT and SOD were higher in younger trees. The GC-MS analysis identified similar chemical profile in both trees, although the concentration of some organic compounds has increased in the crude ethyl acetate-extract from 120d trees compared to 90d trees. Some of these compounds: glycerol 1, 2-diacetate, 1, 2, 3-propanetriol, 1, 2-diacetate, 1, 1, 2-Triacetoxyethane, phenol, 2, 4-bis (1, 1-dimethylene), pentanoic acid and others. We concluded that one month difference in age between two F. benjamina trees was a factor causing spectacular physiological and chemical changes. We also presume the high biological activity of 90 d fig trees compared to 120 d trees.
Abstract: For their biological importance, leaves from two foliage Ficus benjamina (F. benjamina) trees "90 and 120 days old" growing two meters close to each other were investigated and compared for their physiological and chemical content in response to environmental factors of El-Ahassa, Saudi Arabia. Mineral composition (Ca, Fe, K, Cu, Si and Zn), total ...
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Onion (Allium cepa L.) Seedling Quality Parameters as Affected by Soil and Seed Treatment at Adami Tulu, Mid Rift Valley of Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, August 2016
Pages:
68-71
Received:
13 June 2016
Accepted:
21 June 2016
Published:
15 July 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20160404.12
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Abstract: The integrated effects of soil and seed treatment on onion (Allium cepa L.) were investigated at Adami Tulu mid rift valley of Ethiopia during hot warm season (March, April and May) 2015. Leaf number, seedlings length, weed abundance, percentage of strong and weak seedling were tested for their response. Accordingly interaction effect of seed and soil treatment affected percentage of strong and weak seedling significantly at (P < 0.01). The main effect of seed treatment was found non-significantly affected all seedling quality parameters except seedling length whereas the main effect of soil treatment affected seedling length, and leaf number at (P < 0.05) weed abundance, percentage of strong and weak seedling at (P < 0.01). The maximum percentage of strong seedling was attained while solarization combined with treated seed (seed treated with apron star) (85%) followed by treated seed with burning (77.4%) and untreated seed with solarization (77.4%). The interaction of burning and untreated seed (4) was found to maximize leaf number followed by combined effect of burning and treated seed (4). Mean weed abundance reduced from 65.9% and 41.7% when soil is treated with solarization and burning as compared to control plot, respectively. In general increased quality of onion seedling was achieved due to combined application of soil solarization and seed treated with apron star. Therefore, combined treatment of soil solarization and seed treatment with apron star is recommended for onion nursery establishment at Adami Tulu mid rift valley of Ethiopia.
Abstract: The integrated effects of soil and seed treatment on onion (Allium cepa L.) were investigated at Adami Tulu mid rift valley of Ethiopia during hot warm season (March, April and May) 2015. Leaf number, seedlings length, weed abundance, percentage of strong and weak seedling were tested for their response. Accordingly interaction effect of seed and s...
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Performance of Five Selected Hybrid Rice Varieties in Aman Season
Shovon C. Sarkar,
Mahjuba Akter,
M. R. Islam,
Md. Moinul Haque
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, August 2016
Pages:
72-79
Received:
26 June 2016
Accepted:
4 July 2016
Published:
21 July 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20160404.13
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Abstract: The performance of five hybrid rice varieties namely Shakti 2, Suborna 8, Tia, Aloron and BRRI hybrid dhan 2 in Aman season was conducted and inbred BRRI dhan 33 was used as check variety. The result showed that the hybrid varieties exhibited superiority in respect of growth characters such as tillers hill-1, leaves hill-1, total dry matter (TMD) hill-1, leaf area hill-1, Leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR), relative growth rate (RGR) and net assimilation rate (NAR) over the inbred. The highest TDM hill-1 (84.0 g), maximum leaf area hill-1 (1787cm2), average highest CGR and RGR (40.63 g m-2 d-1 and 17.9 mg g-1 d-1) were observed Tia and lowest TDM hill-1 (70.10 g), minimum leaf area hill-1 (1198cm2), average lowest CGR and RGR (27.26 g m-2 d-1 and 13.35 mg g-1 d-1) were observed in BRRI dhan 33. These hybrid varieties also showed higher yield attributes viz. effective tillers hill-1, 1000-grain weight, biological yield and harvest index (HI) over the inbred. The highest grain yield was achieved from Tia (7.82 t ha-1), which was closely followed by Shakti 2 (7.65 t ha-1). These two hybrid varieties produced 24.0% higher yield over the inbred BRRI dhan 33. Effective tillers hill-1 and higher filled grains panicle-1 mainly contributed to the higher grain yield of hybrid varieties.
Abstract: The performance of five hybrid rice varieties namely Shakti 2, Suborna 8, Tia, Aloron and BRRI hybrid dhan 2 in Aman season was conducted and inbred BRRI dhan 33 was used as check variety. The result showed that the hybrid varieties exhibited superiority in respect of growth characters such as tillers hill-1, leaves hill-1, total dry matter (TMD) h...
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Transformation and Regeneration Protocol for Two Farmer Preferred Open Pollinated Tropical Maize (Zea Mays) Varieties
Johnstone Omukhulu Neondo,
Amos Emitati Alakonya,
Jonathan Matheka,
Joel Okoyo Masanga,
Remmy Wekesa Kasili
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, August 2016
Pages:
80-87
Received:
5 July 2016
Accepted:
18 July 2016
Published:
3 August 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20160404.14
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Abstract: In vitro regeneration of open pollinated varieties (OPVs) Kakamega Striga Tolerant Population 94 (KSTP’94) and ‘Namba Nane’ alongside a tropical inbred line (CML144) was evaluated using immature zygotic embryos as explants. Four callus induction media (CIM) regimes; Murashige and Skoog (MS), Linsmaier and Skoog (LS), Chu (N6) and N6*(N6 medium fortified with 0.35 gL-1 L-proline and 0.8 mgL-1 AgNO3) were evaluated for their potential to induce callus in the three genotypes. All the media were supplemented with sucrose and five levels of 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 mgL-1). Resulting calli were matured on MS and N6 basal media supplemented with 60 g/L sucrose and similar concentration levels (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 mgL-1) of 2, 4-D while the subsequent embryogenic calli were regenerated on hormone-free media. Transformability of these varieties was assessed via histochemical analysis of β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene following Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Statistical analyses were done using Statistical Analysis Software (SAS) and Graphpad Prism softwares with mean separations achieved at 95% confidence intervals. Of the 2 OPVs, KSTP’94 recorded the highest callus induction frequency (84.4%) while Namba Nane (45.6%) had the lowest. Similarly, KSTP, 94 had the highest mean of mature somatic embryos (59.7%) while Namba Nane recorded the lowest (16.4%). Assessment of regeneration frequencies from embryogenic calli revealed no significant differences among the 3 lines although CML 144 had the highest mean number of juvenile plantlets (36.7%). Analysis of transformation frequency (upon selection of calli on media with basta) showed that Namba Nane recorded the lowest transformation frequency (average 13.5%) some words missing. Transformation frequency (based on GUS positive calli) of these varieties ranged from 0.8 to 2.1%. This work therefore provides an empirical platform for potential introduction of useful genes into these varieties.
Abstract: In vitro regeneration of open pollinated varieties (OPVs) Kakamega Striga Tolerant Population 94 (KSTP’94) and ‘Namba Nane’ alongside a tropical inbred line (CML144) was evaluated using immature zygotic embryos as explants. Four callus induction media (CIM) regimes; Murashige and Skoog (MS), Linsmaier and Skoog (LS), Chu (N6) and N6*(N6 medium fort...
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Symbiotic Effectiveness of Elite Rhizobia Strains Nodulating Desi Type Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Varieties
Assefa Funga,
Chris O. Ojiewo,
Losenge Turoop,
Githiri Stephen Mwangi
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, August 2016
Pages:
88-94
Received:
29 May 2016
Accepted:
12 June 2016
Published:
12 August 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20160404.15
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Abstract: Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), is a multi-functional crop with important role in the diet as affordable protein source and in sustaining soil fertility through nitrogen fixation. However, its productivity in Ethiopia of 1.9 t ha-1 is lower than its potential of 5 t ha-1 under well managed conditions, partly due to soil fertility limitations. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate effectiveness of elite rhizobia strains on productivity of chickpea. Four rhizobial inoculant treatments and one control with three chickpea varieties were used. Inoculated plants had significantly (p<0.05) better performance with most of the symbiotic traits, grain yield and yield related traits than non-inoculated treatments. Shoot nitrogen yield was increased in the range of 13.0 – 31.34% by inoculation with strain ICRE-025 over the two test sites. The highest level of N fixation was achieved in genotype ICC-4918 by inoculation with EAL-029 and ICRE-025. Investigations at both test sites demonstrated that inoculation of chickpea varieties with native rhizobial strains were effective and useful for optimized chickpea production.
Abstract: Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), is a multi-functional crop with important role in the diet as affordable protein source and in sustaining soil fertility through nitrogen fixation. However, its productivity in Ethiopia of 1.9 t ha-1 is lower than its potential of 5 t ha-1 under well managed conditions, partly due to soil fertility limitations. Field ...
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