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Genetic Diversity in Pigeon Pea (Cajanuscajan (L.) Millspaugh Germplasm Revealed by Gel Electrophoresis of the Seed Proteins
Agbolade James Oludare,
Adekoya Modinat Adejoke,
David Oyinade Aderoju,
Chukwuma Deborah Moradeke,
Komolafe Ronke Justina,
Olaiya Aderonke Eunice
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 2, April 2017
Pages:
48-55
Received:
8 September 2016
Accepted:
7 February 2017
Published:
14 March 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20170502.11
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Abstract: Ten accessions of Pigeon pea (Cajanuscajan) obtained from National Centre for Genetic Resources and Biotechnology (NACGRAB), Ibadan, Oyo state, were assessed for their genetic and phylogenetic relatedness through electrophoretic analysis of the seed proteins. 0.2g of the seeds were weighed and macerated with mortar and pestle in 0.2M phosphate buffer containing 0.133M of acid (NaH2PO4) and 0.067 of base (Na2HPO4) at pH 6.5. Protein characterization with standard marker revealed that the seeds of the ten accessions contained proteins (B.S.A, Oval Albumin, Pepsinogen, Trypsinogen and Lysozyme) with molecular weights ranging from 66kda and above, 45 – 65 kDa, 44 – 33 kda, 32-24 kDa and 23-14 kDa, respectively. The student T-test revealed that accessions PP2, PP3, PP5, PP6, PP8 and PP9 have molecular weights not significantly different from one another (P<0.05) while samples PP1, PP4 and PP7 showed significantly different values (P>0.05). All the accessions had at least two proteins and two major bands in common. The study revealed intra-specific similarities and genetic diversity in protein contents among the ten accessions of pigeon pea (Cajanuscajan).
Abstract: Ten accessions of Pigeon pea (Cajanuscajan) obtained from National Centre for Genetic Resources and Biotechnology (NACGRAB), Ibadan, Oyo state, were assessed for their genetic and phylogenetic relatedness through electrophoretic analysis of the seed proteins. 0.2g of the seeds were weighed and macerated with mortar and pestle in 0.2M phosphate buff...
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Assessment on the Use, Knowledge and Conservation of Medicinal Plants in Selected Kebeles of Dire Dawa Administration, Eastern Ethiopia
Atinafu Kebede,
Shimels Ayalew,
Akalu Mesfin,
Getachew Mulualem
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 2, April 2017
Pages:
56-64
Received:
13 January 2017
Accepted:
4 February 2017
Published:
14 March 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20170502.12
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Abstract: The aim of the study was to assess and document the indigenous knowledge of medicinal plants used in the communities and preserve it to be used by the next generations. Ten study sites (kebeles) were selected based on a reconnaissance survey and recommendations of elders and local authorities. The study was carried out in two different seasons, from September to November, 2014 and from June to August, 2015. Eighty informants including twenty traditional herbalists (as key informants) participated in the study. Semi-structured interviews, group discussions and guided field walk constituted the main data collection methods. Techniques of Preference Ranking, Informant consensus Factor, Fidelity level index and Pearson correlation were employed in data analysis. Medicinal plant specimens were collected identified and kept at the National Herbarium (ETH) of Addis Ababa University. A total of 129 plant species in 61 families and 109 genera constituting herbs (50%), trees (24%), shrubs (23%) and climbers (3%) were reported in the treatment of various health problems. Family Fabaceae was dominant representing 8.5 % of the plant species documented. Leaves (29.4 %) were the most frequently used parts in preparing herbal remedies. Crushing (29 %) and oral route (61%) were commonly used methods of herbal remedy preparation and administration, respectively. Health conditions grouped in 22 categories were treated using medicinal plants. Informant consensus factor was highest for mental illness, poisonous animal bite and head ache and fatigue that had ICF values of 1, 0.61 and 0.60, respectively. Sphaeranthus suaveolens, Barleria orbicularis, Solanum sepiculum and Cadaba farinosa had a fidelity level of 100% this indicated their outstanding preference for treating mental illness, snake bite and swollen body part (GOFLA). There was a positive correlation (r =0.48) between the age of informants and the number of species reported by the informants. However, there was a negative correlation (r = -0.26) between the number of species reported and informants’ educational level. The present paper represents significant ethnobotanical information on medical plants which provides baseline data for future pharmacological and phytochemical studies.
Abstract: The aim of the study was to assess and document the indigenous knowledge of medicinal plants used in the communities and preserve it to be used by the next generations. Ten study sites (kebeles) were selected based on a reconnaissance survey and recommendations of elders and local authorities. The study was carried out in two different seasons, fro...
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Effects of Powdery Mildew (Leveillula Taurica and Erysiphe Polygoni) on Yield and Yield Components of Fenugreek in the Mid-Altitudes of Bale, South Eastern Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 2, April 2017
Pages:
65-67
Received:
22 January 2017
Accepted:
7 February 2017
Published:
15 March 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20170502.13
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Abstract: Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) is one of the most important seed spice crops in Ethiopia in general and in the mid-altitudes of Bale in particular. Powdery mildew caused by Leveillula taurica and Erysiphe polygoni is a common disease of fenugreek in the mid-altitudes of Bale. To determine the effects of this disease on yield and yield components of the crop, a field experiment was conducted using an improved variety, Hunda’ol, at Goro research site of Sinana Agricultural Research Center, south eastern Ethiopia. Four different spray intervals of a systemic fungicide, Lunar sensation (Fluopyram 250 g/L+ Trifloxystrobin 250 g/L), were used to create different levels of powdery mildew severity. The plots were arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. There was severe powdery mildew development on plants in the unsprayed plots. The disease had significant effect on two of the yield parameters, number of seeds per pod and thousand seed weight. It inflicted the total yield loss up to 40%. Hence, application of control measure to minimize this loss is necessary. Resistant varieties are cultural tools that could be used for the management diseases of several crops. However, so far there is no powdery mildew resistant fenugreek variety released in this country. Fungicides can be used to effective control of this disease. The present study revealed that powdery mildew of fenugreek can be controlled by applying lunar sensation twice between 21-days starting from the onset of the disease.
Abstract: Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) is one of the most important seed spice crops in Ethiopia in general and in the mid-altitudes of Bale in particular. Powdery mildew caused by Leveillula taurica and Erysiphe polygoni is a common disease of fenugreek in the mid-altitudes of Bale. To determine the effects of this disease on yield and yield com...
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An Efficient Method for High Quality RNA Extraction from Moringa oleifera
Preethi Praba Umesh,
Mohd Akram Ansari,
Ganapathi Sridevi
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 2, April 2017
Pages:
68-74
Received:
19 February 2017
Accepted:
28 February 2017
Published:
28 March 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20170502.14
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Abstract: Moringa oleifera, the Miracle Tree is rich in all nutrients and minerals. It has prominent distribution of secondary metabolites like polysaccharides, phenols and mucilage, which makes extraction of RNA quite difficult. A high quality and pure RNA is prerequisite for the study of high through put transcriptomics and functional genomics. A protocol for isolation of highly qualitative and quantitative RNA from M. oleifera was optimized by comparing five different methods like Trizol, Guanidine hydrochloride, combined Trizol and Guanidine hydrochloride, modified CTAB and hot phenol method. The combined Guanidine hydrochloride and Trizol method gave good yield and pure RNA based on the absorbance A260 value 2.0. The model plant Nicotiana tabacum served as a positive control in which the Trizol method yielded a good quality and quantity RNA. The present study is a preliminary step for studying the function and expression pattern of the genes. This is the first report on the comparison of different RNA extraction methods in M. oleifera to our knowledge.
Abstract: Moringa oleifera, the Miracle Tree is rich in all nutrients and minerals. It has prominent distribution of secondary metabolites like polysaccharides, phenols and mucilage, which makes extraction of RNA quite difficult. A high quality and pure RNA is prerequisite for the study of high through put transcriptomics and functional genomics. A protocol ...
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Evaluation of Double Cropping System for Sorghum Production at Fedis, Eastern Ethiopia
Fuad Abduselam,
Tamado Tana,
Jamal Abdulahi,
Habte Nida,
Taye Tadese
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 2, April 2017
Pages:
75-81
Received:
6 February 2017
Accepted:
25 February 2017
Published:
7 April 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20170502.15
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Abstract: Mono-cropping of sorghum is usual practice by small holders in Eastern Hararghe zone which aggravates the infestation of striga in case of susceptible varieties and has risk of crop failure in most cases due to erratic and unreliable rainfall. Thus, it was important to undertake research on cropping system which can make the farmers less vulnerable to current changing climate. Thus, an experiment was done to assess the effect of double cropping on yield, and yield components of the sorghum and compare the productivity of the double cropping with the single cropping system. The study was conducted at Fedis Research station, Eastern Hararghe during cropping season of 2015 by including two sowing time the first in April and the other during July using RCBD design. The treatments consisted were twelve including two farmers’ practices (long cycle sorghum and July planting of improved sorghum varieties) and the remaining ten treatments were double cropping of common bean and mung bean each with two varieties, lablab, cowpea, buckwheat, pearl millet, sorghum and bread wheat as preceding crops and sorghum variety Gubiye as succeeding crop. Overall, the preceding crops showed highly significant (p <0.01) difference on days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, grain yield and above ground dry biomass. The earliest days to 50% flowering were buckwheat (25.67 days) followed by common bean (var. Batu) 36 days and mung beans (var. Borada and N-26) with 38 and 38.33 days respectively. The highest above ground dry biomass was obtained from lablab (var. 147) (6116 kg ha-1) while the highest economic benefit was recorded from mung bean (var. N-26)(30315 ETB ha-1). During succeeding crops days to 50% emergence, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, panicle length, grain yield and thousand kernel weight were highly significantly(p < 0.01)affected by the preceding crop while above ground dry biomass and harvest index were significant (p < 0.05) during the study. The latest days to 50% flowering (160.67 day) and highest days to maturity (221 day), above ground dry biomass (6119 kg ha-1) and grain yield (3369 kg ha-1) were observed for the local sorghum. However, highest grain yield was obtained from local sorghum followed by common bean (var. Batu)-Gubiye, common bean (var. Awash melka)-Gubiye and mung bean (var. N-26)-Gubiye sequences with 3369, 2342, 2107 and 2094 kg ha-1, respectively. Thus mung bean (var. N-26)-Gubiye sequence can be considered as profitable cropping sequence and recommended.
Abstract: Mono-cropping of sorghum is usual practice by small holders in Eastern Hararghe zone which aggravates the infestation of striga in case of susceptible varieties and has risk of crop failure in most cases due to erratic and unreliable rainfall. Thus, it was important to undertake research on cropping system which can make the farmers less vulnerable...
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A Review on Potential and Status of Biofuel Production in Ethiopia
Abadi Birhanu,
Shimels Ayalew
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 2, April 2017
Pages:
82-89
Received:
10 February 2017
Accepted:
9 March 2017
Published:
14 April 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20170502.16
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Abstract: Fossil fuel is the back bone of the world energy demand. Since it is nonrenewable source, this energy is diminishing from time to time and it is more likely to be empty in near future. On the other hand, fossil fuel is the main contributor to air pollution and generally causes climate change. Furthermore, due to different factors such as political unrest in the fossil fuel producing countries, the price of the fuels is rising. All the aforementioned factors and other challenges lead to search alternatives which are renewable, environmentally friendly and cost effective fuels. Accordingly, biofuel is considered as the most promising source which can be used by blending or alone in the fossil fuel machine without more modification. Biofuels are produced from plant oils, animal fat and waste materials. The most common biofuel are ethanol and biodiesel. The biodiesel can be produced from different plants like Jatropha while the ethanol from molasses. USA is the leading country in biofuel production followed by Brazil and Europe. Developing countries including Ethiopia did not exploit their potential. Biofuel have also its own drawbacks like competition for food and climate change in the production of more biofuel.
Abstract: Fossil fuel is the back bone of the world energy demand. Since it is nonrenewable source, this energy is diminishing from time to time and it is more likely to be empty in near future. On the other hand, fossil fuel is the main contributor to air pollution and generally causes climate change. Furthermore, due to different factors such as political ...
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