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Ethnobotanical Study with Native Species in a Rural Village in Piauí State, Northeast Brazil
Francisco das Chagas Dourado de Sousa,
Melise Pessôa Araújo,
Jesus Rodrigues Lemos
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2, April 2015
Pages:
45-53
Received:
25 January 2015
Accepted:
9 February 2015
Published:
15 February 2015
Abstract: Over the years, Ethnobotany has evolved and contributed with information about the use of plants by traditional communities. Further more, it acts as a source of important information for the conservation of biomes and use of plant species in medical, pharmaceutical and biotechnological areas. A survey of species of native vegetation used for different purposes in Serragem village, in the municipality of Buriti dos Lopes, northern Piauí, Brazil was conducted through semi-structured interviews, using the “snowball” sampling method and the “tour guided” technique with 20 inhabitants who had a greater knowledge of the local flora, and has identified 60 species into 52 genera and 27 botanical families. Fabaceae was the most representative in terms of number of species. Copernicia prunifera, Parkia platycephala and Myracrodruon urundeuva were the species with the highest Use Value (UV). Medicinal use category (33%) was the most representative, followed by food use (22%) and timber use (19%). The use of native vegetation for several purposes is still a practice that has been quite common among villagers, and has a fundamental importance for it serves as alternative to perform many daily activities.
Abstract: Over the years, Ethnobotany has evolved and contributed with information about the use of plants by traditional communities. Further more, it acts as a source of important information for the conservation of biomes and use of plant species in medical, pharmaceutical and biotechnological areas. A survey of species of native vegetation used for diffe...
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Some Growth Promoting Essential Mineral Elements Alleviates The Salinity Effect on Nitrate Reductase and Hill Reaction Activities in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) cv. “CIM 496”
Rizwana Jabeen,
Rafiq Ahmad
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2, April 2015
Pages:
54-58
Received:
29 December 2014
Accepted:
13 February 2015
Published:
25 February 2015
Abstract: The effect of salinity was observed on the activity of nitrate reductase and hill reaction activity in the leaves of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cv. “CIM 496” grown in large size plastic pot culture, irrigated with sea salt concentrations of 0.0%(EC iw: 0.6 dS/m), 0.4%(EC iw: 6.2 dS/m) and 0.8%(EC iw: 10.8 dS/m) and subjected to foliar application with non-spray (control), water spray, KNO3 (500 ppm), KCl (500 ppm), Urea(1000 ppm), Fe-EDTA (5ppm), MnCl2 (5ppm) and MoO3 (5ppm) alone and their mixture. Foliar spray of the mixture showed better result as compared to that of above mentioned individual mineral. Conclusion made on the comparative performance of nitrate reductase and hill reaction enzymes under above number of treatments in the leaves of cotton growing under various sea salt concentrations is given below: Nitrate Reductase Activity (NRA): Nonspray< water spray< KCl< Mo< KNO3< Urea< KNO3 + Mo< KNO3 +Fe + Mn + Mo; Hill Reaction Activity (HRA): Nonspray< water spray< KNO3
Abstract: The effect of salinity was observed on the activity of nitrate reductase and hill reaction activity in the leaves of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cv. “CIM 496” grown in large size plastic pot culture, irrigated with sea salt concentrations of 0.0%(EC iw: 0.6 dS/m), 0.4%(EC iw: 6.2 dS/m) and 0.8%(EC iw: 10.8 dS/m) and subjected to foliar applicat...
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Effects of Irrigation and Soil Types on the Germination and Growth of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench)
Modupe Janet Ayeni,
Oluwakemi Elizabeth Ale,
Joshua Kayode
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2, April 2015
Pages:
59-63
Received:
1 February 2015
Accepted:
12 February 2015
Published:
26 February 2015
Abstract: Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) planted in three different soil samples were subjected to three different watering treatments to examine the effects of irrigation and soil types on the germination of okra, an important crop in Nigeria. Germination of okra seeds occurred best in cultivated soil with highest values in height (55.70cm), leaf area (607.62 cm2), dry roots (0.98 cm) and shoot (5.26 cm) weights under every 2 days watering interval. The degraded soil had lowest values in all the parameters assessed.Statistical analysis (ANOVA, P ˂0.05) revealed that there were no significant differences in effects of irrigation and soil types on the germination, number of leaves with dry root and shoot weights. Significant differences abound in the heights, leaf area, and fresh root and shoot weights on the irrigation frequencies and soil types at 5% level of significance.
Abstract: Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) planted in three different soil samples were subjected to three different watering treatments to examine the effects of irrigation and soil types on the germination of okra, an important crop in Nigeria. Germination of okra seeds occurred best in cultivated soil with highest values in height (55.70cm), leaf a...
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Response of Soybean (Glycine max L.) to Rhizobia Inoculation and Molybdenum Application in the Northern Savannah Zones of Ghana
Asei Rechiatu,
Ewusi-Mensah Nana,
Abaidoo Robert Clement
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2, April 2015
Pages:
64-70
Received:
3 February 2015
Accepted:
19 February 2015
Published:
2 March 2015
Abstract: Compatible rhizobia populations are seldom available in soils where soybean has not been grown before. Inoculating soybean seeds with superior rhizobia strains is necessary for nodulation and nitrogen fixation. Ironically, many commercial agricultural products (biological and chemical) claim increases in crop productivity but their efficacy cannot be guaranteed. Thus, three separate on-station trials (Manga, Kpongu and Nyankpala) were conducted at the experimental fields of CSIR-Savannah Agricultural Research Institute (SARI), to ascertain the effectiveness of some commercial microbial inoculant and micronutrient fertilizer for improvement of soybean productivity in the Northern savannah zones of Ghana. Four treatments were used for each study site; Control, Teprosyn Mo, Legumefix and Teprosyn Mo+Legumefix which were laid out in a Randomised Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Experimental plots measured 4.5 m x 4.5 m. A significant (P < 0.05) response of soybean nodule dry weight to Legumefix was observed in Kpongu and Manga but not Nyankpala. At harvest, Teprosyn Mo+Legumefix, Legumefix and Teprosyn Mo treatments increased soybean grain yield by 205.62%, 135.54% and 110.24% respectively over the control in Manga. In Nyankpala, the application of Legumefix and Teprosyn Mo+Legumefix increased soybean grain yield significantly by 22.43% and 42.10% respectively relative to the control while no significant response was observed in grain yield among treatments at Kpongu. The combined application of Teprosyn Mo+Legumefix was the most economically viable among the treatments (VCR = 2.65).
Abstract: Compatible rhizobia populations are seldom available in soils where soybean has not been grown before. Inoculating soybean seeds with superior rhizobia strains is necessary for nodulation and nitrogen fixation. Ironically, many commercial agricultural products (biological and chemical) claim increases in crop productivity but their efficacy cannot ...
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Response of Barley (Hordium vulgare L.) to Integrated Cattle Manureand Mineral Fertilizer Application in the Vertisol Areas of South Tigray, Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2, April 2015
Pages:
71-76
Received:
12 February 2015
Accepted:
27 February 2015
Published:
4 March 2015
Abstract: A study to investigate the effect of integrated mineral and cattle manure fertilizers on grain yield of Barley (Hordium Vulgar L.) was evaluated during 2013 and 2014 main cropping season on vertisols of southern Tigray Ethiopia. The treatment consists four level of N/P205 fertilizer combination (0/0, 23/23, 46/46, 69/69 kg ha-1) and five levels of farm yard manure (0, 4, 6,8,10 ton ha-1) and their interactions arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in three replication. The combined statistical analysis over locations revealed significant main effects of FYM and NP fertilizers (p ≤ 0.05) and interactions effects on grain yield of barley. There were also highly significance variation among N/P fertilizer main effect for biomass, physiological maturity, plant height, seeds per spike and effective tiller per plant, however no significance variation between the FYM main effects and interaction effects of NP and FYM for biomass, physiological maturity, plant height seeds per spike and effective tiller per plant. Grain yield consistently respond to increasing level of fertilizations in the form of NP, FYM or their integration. The results of this finding showed that combined application of 69/69 N/ P205 kg ha-1+ 10 ton ha-1 FYM, 69/69 N/P205 kg ha-1 + 8 ton ha-1 FYM and 69/69 N/ P205 kg ha-1 + 6 ton ha-1 FYM significantly (P<0.05) increase the yield of barley than other treatments. Integrated application of 46/46 N/P205 kg ha-1 with 8 t ha-1 gave 18 % and 100% yield increment than current (46/46 N/P205 kg ha-1) blanket fertilizer recommendation in the area and the control. This may greatly benefits farmers in area where supply of mineral fertilizer is low or cases where farmers can’t afford the cost of high fertilizer input. Higher grain yield (2.9 ton ha-1) was obtained from residual effects of 8 ton ha-1 FYM applied in 2013 on barley grain yields in 2014 cropping season received 46/46 kg ha-1 N/P205.
Abstract: A study to investigate the effect of integrated mineral and cattle manure fertilizers on grain yield of Barley (Hordium Vulgar L.) was evaluated during 2013 and 2014 main cropping season on vertisols of southern Tigray Ethiopia. The treatment consists four level of N/P205 fertilizer combination (0/0, 23/23, 46/46, 69/69 kg ha-1) and five levels of ...
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Diversity of Ethnomedicinal Plants in Bodamalai Hills Eastern Ghats, Namakkal District, Tamil Nadu
Raju Sathiyaraj,
Ariyan Sarvalingam A.,
Arulbalachandran,
Rama Koti Reddy
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2, April 2015
Pages:
77-84
Received:
2 February 2015
Accepted:
5 March 2015
Published:
13 March 2015
Abstract: An Ethnobotanical survey was carried out among the tribes and villagers in Bodamalai Hills, Namakkal district, Tamil Nadu. The investigation revealed that, the traditional healers used 93 species of plants distributed in 85 genera and 44 families were used to treat various diseases. The documented medicinal plants were used to cure different ailments such as skin problems, cold, fever, cough, headache, diarrhea, fertility problems, toothache, stomach ache, wounds, diabetes, rheumatism, asthma, dysentery, small pox, bone fractures, ear ache, hair loss and poison (snake, scorpion and insect) bites etc. This study showed that the tribes and villagers still continue to depend on medicinal plants; however the traditional healers are on the decline because the younger members of the tribe have no interest and knowledge of this form of medicine as they have started moving towards the towns and cities. Therefore it is necessary to document the plants to effectively conserve them.
Abstract: An Ethnobotanical survey was carried out among the tribes and villagers in Bodamalai Hills, Namakkal district, Tamil Nadu. The investigation revealed that, the traditional healers used 93 species of plants distributed in 85 genera and 44 families were used to treat various diseases. The documented medicinal plants were used to cure different ailmen...
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Molecular Cloning, Characterization and Expression Analysis of MhRAR1 Gene from Malus Hupehensis
Zhang Ji-Yu,
Guo Zhong-Ren
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2, April 2015
Pages:
85-91
Received:
9 March 2015
Accepted:
22 March 2015
Published:
26 March 2015
Abstract: A novel RAR1 gene, designated MhRAR1, was cloned by the methods of RT-PCR and RACE from Malus hupehensis. The full length sequence of MhRAR1 is 1065 bp with an open reading frame of 678 bp, encoding a protein of 225 amino acids. As found in other plant RAR1 proteins, sequence alignment showed that MhRAR1 protein contains two CHORD domains and one plant-specific CCCH domain. In addition, the MhRAR1 contains conserved strings of invariant cysteine and histidine residues within the CHORD domains and CCCH domain. These results suggested that MhRAR1 protein from M. hupehensis might share the similar function with the Arabidopsis thaliana RAR1 and Hordeum vulgare RAR1, and is an important component of R gene–mediated disease resistance. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that MhRAR1 was closely related to Ricinus communis RAR1. The analysis by qRT-PCR revealed that the expression of MhRAR1 gene was higher in leaves than that in stems and roots. SA, MeJA and ACC treatment induced MhRAR1 expression in stems and roots, but not in leaves. Expression of MhRAR1 was weakly induced in M. hupehensis after infection with Botryosphaeria berengeriana. The cloning and characterization of the MhRAR1 gene will be useful for further studies of biological roles of MhRAR1 in plants.
Abstract: A novel RAR1 gene, designated MhRAR1, was cloned by the methods of RT-PCR and RACE from Malus hupehensis. The full length sequence of MhRAR1 is 1065 bp with an open reading frame of 678 bp, encoding a protein of 225 amino acids. As found in other plant RAR1 proteins, sequence alignment showed that MhRAR1 protein contains two CHORD domains and one p...
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Prevalence and Intensity of Economically Important Fungal Diseases of Sorghum in South Tigray, Ethiopia
Teklay Abebe Teferi,
Muruts Legesse Wubshet
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2, April 2015
Pages:
92-98
Received:
18 March 2015
Accepted:
31 March 2015
Published:
9 April 2015
Abstract: Prouction and productivity of sorghum is highly threatened by different diseases in South Tigray, Ethiopia. However, the importance of each disease has not been assessed and well profiled to sound management strategy. To determine the occurrence and intensity of diseases survey was carried out in two major sorghum growing districts of South Tigray in 2014 cropping season. Results indicated that 93.7%, 84.8%, 88.6%, 37% and 58% of sorghum fields were infected by anthracnose, leaf blight, long smut, head and loose smuts, and downy mildew, respectively. This indicated that sorghum is suffered from complexes of diseases. The incidence and severity of the former diseases were 69.9% and 53.01%, 55.9% and 38.7%, 23% and 77.2%, 1.9% and 71.7%, and 43.6% and 41%, respectively. Most of the cultivated farmers’ cultivars sown were susceptible at least to one disease putting large area of sorghum production at threat. Therefore, holistic and cumulative integrated approach is required to manage the complex diseases in the surveyed areas.
Abstract: Prouction and productivity of sorghum is highly threatened by different diseases in South Tigray, Ethiopia. However, the importance of each disease has not been assessed and well profiled to sound management strategy. To determine the occurrence and intensity of diseases survey was carried out in two major sorghum growing districts of South Tigray ...
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Germination and Vegetative Growth of Selected Hybrid Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) Cultivars under Hot and Wet Environmental Conditions in Rivers State Nigeria
Joy Aniso,
Elsie Ihuakwu Hamadina,
Mohammed Kurama Hamadina
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2, April 2015
Pages:
99-105
Received:
20 March 2015
Accepted:
31 March 2015
Published:
10 April 2015
Abstract: Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) is a commonly cultivated vegetable crop; however, there is a dearth of information on germination and vegetative growth of tomato cultivars under the hot and wet humid tropical conditions of the Niger Delta in Nigeria. Although several hybrids exist, there are no known cultivars selected for cultivation under the Niger Delta conditions. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the germination and vegetative growth of five tomato cultivars under hot and wet conditions, and to identify potentially suitable cultivar(s) for the Niger Delta. The tomato cultivars tested included a high-performing non-hybrid cultivar common to northern Nigeria (Roma Vf), hybrids bred for hot and wet environment (AVTO9803 and AVTO9001) and hybrids bred for cool/dry environment (AVTO1001 and AVTO1006). Germination tests were conducted and the cultivars were grown under two conditions during the rainy season: in the open field under direct rain, and in a glasshouse with regular watering to field capacity. Results show that Roma Vf had the poorest percent germination (19% in cold test) by 6 days after sowing, while the best performing cultivars in terms of seed quality were AVTO9803 and AVTO9001. In both field and glasshouse environments, Roma Vf grew significantly taller, with more nodes, high leaf numbers, leaves and greater leaf lengths than the exotic cultivars (with the exception of AVTO9001 and sometimes AVTO9803). The cultivar AVTO9803 performed best under the extremely hot conditions (≥35C) in the glasshouse than on the field. This suggests that the two hybrids (AVTO9803 and AVTO9001) and Roma Vf are potentially cultivable under the hot/wet conditions, but Roma Vf would require extra care due to its poor germination rates.
Abstract: Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) is a commonly cultivated vegetable crop; however, there is a dearth of information on germination and vegetative growth of tomato cultivars under the hot and wet humid tropical conditions of the Niger Delta in Nigeria. Although several hybrids exist, there are no known cultivars selected for cultivation under ...
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Response of Hybrid Lowland Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Cultivar FARO44 to Salinity in Coastal Plain Sands of the Niger Delta, Nigeria
Achinike Emoghene,
Elsie Ihuakwu Hamadina,
Andrew Efisue
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2, April 2015
Pages:
106-110
Received:
1 April 2015
Accepted:
8 April 2015
Published:
18 April 2015
Abstract: Salinity is veritable issue in coastal lowlands of Niger Delta, due to salt water intrusion, and can reduce yield of lowland rice. Hybrid lowland rice cultivar (particularly FARO44; SIPI) are currently distributed and cultivated across Nigerian agroecological zones but the specific effect of salinity on these hybrid rice varieties is not well defined. This study seeks to determine the effect of sodium chloride (NaCl) on germination and seedling growth of FARO44 (SIPI). The study was a pot experiment, with 5 levels of sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations (0, 1.0, 1.5, 3.0, and 5.0 dS cm-1). The seeds took about 30days to germinate in the control, as compared to other treatments. Germination was 42% in the control, 45% at 1.0 dS cm-1 and 34% at 5.0 dS cm-1. A visual assessment for salt injury showed that the Control plants had normal growth of leaves and at 5.0 dS cm-1 NaCl, there was nearly normal growth of leaves but the tips of the leaves were whitish and rolled. Vegetative growth studies showed that the height to the first leaf in the control was 4.45m and the longest height to the first leave was recorded at 1.5 dS cm-1 NaCl. The tallest (38.7 cm) plants were observed at the 1.5 dS cm-1 NaCl treatment but it was statistically similar with other treatment expect in the control which had the lowest plant height (23.4 cm). The highest number of leaves was recorded at 1.5 dS cm-1 NaCl concentration, while lowest was recorded with 5.0 dS cm-1 NaCl. FARO44(SIPI) appears to tolerate NaCl of up to 1.5 dS cm-1.
Abstract: Salinity is veritable issue in coastal lowlands of Niger Delta, due to salt water intrusion, and can reduce yield of lowland rice. Hybrid lowland rice cultivar (particularly FARO44; SIPI) are currently distributed and cultivated across Nigerian agroecological zones but the specific effect of salinity on these hybrid rice varieties is not well defin...
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