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Identification of Leaf Rust Resistance Genes in Egyptian Wheat Cultivars by Multipathotypes and Molecular Markers
Mohammed Saad Abou-Elseoud,
Abd-Elmageed Mohammed Kamara,
Omaima Abd-Ellatif Alaa-Eldein,
Ahmed Farag El-Bebany,
Nader Abd-Elwahab Ashmawy,
Ibrahim Sobhy Draz
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 5, October 2014
Pages:
145-151
Received:
10 July 2014
Accepted:
30 July 2014
Published:
20 September 2014
Abstract: A total of twenty leaf rust resistance genes (Lr genes) were postulated in nine Egyptian wheat cultivars based on infection types (ITs) expressed on the tested cultivars by 72 Puccinia triticina pathotypes compared with the ITs expressed on the monogenic lines. The most carrier genes cultivars were Giza168 and Misr1 each may contain five genes i.e. Lr2c, 10, 18, 24, 41 and Lr3, 10, 19, 22b, 24, respectively. Five cultivars, Sakha94, Gemmeiza9, Gemmeiza10, Sids12 and Misr2 each probably contain four genes i.e. Lr9, 19, 29, 37; Lr18, 21, 24, 41; Lr3, 9, 19, 29; Lr9, 19, 26, 29 and Lr3, 10, 19, 26, respectively. Gemmeiza11 was the least cultivar carrying genes; it probably carries just two genes i.e. Lr24 and Lr41. The most postulated genes were Lr19 and Lr24, each postulated within five cultivars followed by Lr41 within four cultivars. Five Lr genes, Lr3, Lr9, Lr10, Lr26 and Lr29 each within three cultivars. The lowest postulated genes were Lr2c, Lr21, Lr22b and Lr37 each of them was postulated within only one cultivar. Five Lr genes, Lr9, Lr10, Lr19, Lr24 and Lr26 were identified by PCR-based molecular marker. The Lr9 gene was identified in cultivar Sids12 while, Lr10 was identified in cultivar Misr1. The Lr19 was present in two cultivars, Misr1 and Misr2. The Lr24 and Lr26 were absent in all the screened Egyptian cultivars. The obtained results for Lr9, Lr10, Lr19, Lr24 and Lr26 marker were in agreement with and confirm their identification by gene postulation. Markers for Lr9, Lr10 and Lr19 may be useful in marker-assisted breeding. Our findings showed the usefulness of the molecular marker in identifying leaf rust resistance genes in wheat cultivars, especially when used in conjunction with multipathotypes test at the pre-breeding stage. This approach may help understanding the wheat - P. triticina interaction and provide information to build an effective management program for leaf rust disease.
Abstract: A total of twenty leaf rust resistance genes (Lr genes) were postulated in nine Egyptian wheat cultivars based on infection types (ITs) expressed on the tested cultivars by 72 Puccinia triticina pathotypes compared with the ITs expressed on the monogenic lines. The most carrier genes cultivars were Giza168 and Misr1 each may contain five genes i.e....
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Biological Control of Root Knot Nematodes in Chillies through Pseudomonas fluorescens’s Antagonistic Mechanism
Samaraj Subramanian Thiyagarajan,
Hari Kuppusamy
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 5, October 2014
Pages:
152-158
Received:
5 September 2014
Accepted:
18 September 2014
Published:
30 September 2014
Abstract: Among many pests and diseases, nematodes are one of the most important pests. Managing nematode chemically is very expensive. The damage caused by this pest results in considerable economical loss for the agriculture community. The important factor for increased pest management expenses, and decreased return on investment is due to inefficiency of chemical nematicides to provide a prolonged pest resistance. Chilli (Capsicum annum) is an important crop in India and is cultivated throughout India. Nematodes are an important pest for chillies. Primary nematode species infesting chili plants are the Root knot nematode Meloidogyne Incognita. In this study, susceptible variety PKM-1 developed by Tamil Nadu Agriculture University was used. Nematode control through biopesticides Pseudomonas fluorescence was assessed. Pseudomonas fluorescences’s antagonistic activity was studied to understand the efficiency and duration of its antagonistic activity. Pseudomonas fluorescens’s nematode resistance was compared with chemical and untreated plants. In summary, the study concludes that Pseudomonas fluorescens comparatively was more effective in sustained control of nematodes than chemical treatments.
Abstract: Among many pests and diseases, nematodes are one of the most important pests. Managing nematode chemically is very expensive. The damage caused by this pest results in considerable economical loss for the agriculture community. The important factor for increased pest management expenses, and decreased return on investment is due to inefficiency of ...
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Carpel – Fruit in a Coniferous Genus Araucaria and the Enigma of Angiosperm Origin
Valentin Krassilov,
Sophia Barinova
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 5, October 2014
Pages:
159-166
Received:
9 September 2014
Accepted:
19 September 2014
Published:
30 September 2014
Abstract: Reproductive morphology of araucarian samara is revised revealing a carpellate structure of the stone. In A. columnaris it is formed by a supercoiled spermophyll (‘seed scale’), with a stigmatic apical lobe. This structure is analogous to the ‘classical’ peltate carpel of flowering plants. Stone opens with two apical pores. Pollen germinates on the apical stigmatic crest, with extracellular matter exuded from a stigmatic gland and its opposite on the bract apophysis. Ovulate structures are of the same basic type in the allied genera Wollemia and Pararaucaria. Neither of these genera is morphologically ‘transitional’ at the generic as well as familial levels thus setting araucarians apart from the rest of conifers no longer conceivable as a uniquely derived clade of gymnospermous plants. Araucarians thus deserve the status of a separate order anticipating the major evolutionary advancements of angiospermy in flowering plants.
Abstract: Reproductive morphology of araucarian samara is revised revealing a carpellate structure of the stone. In A. columnaris it is formed by a supercoiled spermophyll (‘seed scale’), with a stigmatic apical lobe. This structure is analogous to the ‘classical’ peltate carpel of flowering plants. Stone opens with two apical pores. Pollen germinates on the...
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Improving Understanding of Microclimate Heterogeneity within a Contemporary Plant Growth Facility to Advance Climate Control and Plant Productivity
Evan Kutta,
Jason Hubbart
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 5, October 2014
Pages:
167-178
Received:
1 September 2014
Accepted:
17 September 2014
Published:
30 September 2014
Abstract: Greenhouse crop production is maximized by maintaining optimal growing conditions. Accurate management of climate conditioning equipment based on measurements of the internal greenhouse microclimate is necessary to optimize crop production. Traditionally, greenhouse microclimate is monitored by a single suite of sensors located at a fixed (often central) location that is considered representative of the entire greenhouse climate. To advance greenhouse crop production additional sensors may better represent greenhouse microclimate heterogeneity and improve performance of climate conditioning equipment. However, elucidating the proper number and distribution of additional sensors requires investigation. Distributed high resolution air temperature (n = 63), relative humidity (n=63), and incoming solar radiation data were collected between May 9th, 2012 and September 5th, 2012 to test the efficacy of conventional centrally located sensors to characterize the spatial and temporal climate variability inside three contemporary greenhouse facilities. Results indicate substantial microclimate heterogeneity with mean horizontal temperature gradients of as much as 5.0°C/m, and mean horizontal VPD gradients of 1.5 kPa/m. Most substantially, the maximum vertical temperature gradient was 11.65°C/m. Results indicate that as few as five properly deployed sensor assemblages (e.g. temperature, humidity, solar radiation) may be necessary to more accurately monitor horizontal and vertical microclimate heterogeneity in a typical greenhouse room. This would improve climate conditioning accuracy and improve the homogeneity of the internal greenhouse climate, which may result in increased productivity and profits for greenhouse managers.
Abstract: Greenhouse crop production is maximized by maintaining optimal growing conditions. Accurate management of climate conditioning equipment based on measurements of the internal greenhouse microclimate is necessary to optimize crop production. Traditionally, greenhouse microclimate is monitored by a single suite of sensors located at a fixed (often ce...
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Water Stress Mediated Changes in Morphology and Physiology of Gossypium arboreum (Var FDH-786)
Adil Jamal,
Muhammad Naveed Shahid,
Beenish Aftab,
Bushra Rashid,
M. Bilal Sarwar,
Bahaledeen Babiker Mohamed,
Sameera Hassan,
Tayyab Husnain
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 5, October 2014
Pages:
179-186
Received:
10 September 2014
Accepted:
19 September 2014
Published:
30 September 2014
Abstract: Abiotic stresses exert a substantial influence on growth and yield in plants; water stress is one of the most imperative abiotic stress factors. The study was carried out to elucidate the effect of drought stress on growth and physiology in Gossypium arboreum. Plants were grown in plastic bags and drought level (5% and 15% drought and control respectively) were maintained. The experiment was laid out in complete randomized design (CRD) with three replicates each control and drought stress. Forty five days old seedlings were imposed water stress for 10 days. Data of various morphological characters (plant height, root length, shoot length, fresh and dry biomass and root shoot ratio), physiological attributes (relative water contents and cell membrane thermostability) was recorded. The morphological and physiological attributes revealed significant differences among control and drought stress plants. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for morphological characters revealed that plant height, root length, dry shoot weight, dry root weight, and root shoot ratio were found to be significant while fresh shoot weight and fresh root weight was found to be non significant. For physiological attributes both relative water contents and cell membrane thermostability were calculated as significant factors. The present study suggest that cotton variety FDH-786 execute well in drought tolerance as the plant biomass and root shoot ratio is the major selection parameters in the breeding for drought tolerance program. Nevertheless physiological attributes cell membrane thermostability and relative water contents are also the prognostic markers in the selection of crop plants against abiotic stresses.
Abstract: Abiotic stresses exert a substantial influence on growth and yield in plants; water stress is one of the most imperative abiotic stress factors. The study was carried out to elucidate the effect of drought stress on growth and physiology in Gossypium arboreum. Plants were grown in plastic bags and drought level (5% and 15% drought and control respe...
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Detection of Pharmacological Active Compounds of the Asteraceae Family and their Chemotaxonomical Implications
Maria Urbanska,
Joanna Nawrot,
Renata Dawid-Pac,
Kinga Kaczerowska-Pietrzak,
Monika Morag,
Lidia Ratajczak,
Gerard Nowak
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 5, October 2014
Pages:
187-191
Received:
15 September 2014
Accepted:
23 September 2014
Published:
30 September 2014
Abstract: It can be assumed that sesquiterpene lactones and natural phytosteroids (ecdysones) are the characteristic compounds of the plants from the Asteraceae family. They display certain pharmacological properties and thus are helpful in chemical descriptions of the Asteraceae tribes, subtribes and species. Also some phenolic glycosides found in genus Klasea Cass, and in genus Centaurea L. may be of medical and chemotaxonomical significance. Our studies on the species of the aforementioned taxons and the isolation of several compounds allowed for interesting conclusions of phytochemical and taxonomical nature.
Abstract: It can be assumed that sesquiterpene lactones and natural phytosteroids (ecdysones) are the characteristic compounds of the plants from the Asteraceae family. They display certain pharmacological properties and thus are helpful in chemical descriptions of the Asteraceae tribes, subtribes and species. Also some phenolic glycosides found in genus Kla...
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Carbon and Nitrogen Stocks of a Typic Acrudox under Different Land Use Systems in São Paulo State of Brazil
Valdinei Tadeu Paulino,
Marcos Siqueira Neto,
Erika Maria Lima Celegato Teixeira,
Keila Maria Roncato Duarte,
Alan Joseph Franzluebbers
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 5, October 2014
Pages:
192-200
Received:
10 September 2014
Accepted:
27 September 2014
Published:
10 October 2014
Abstract: Soil organic matter affects physical, chemical and biological conditions, and has been used as a soil quality index to differentiate the effects of different land uses and management practices. The objective of this study was to evaluate soil stocks of C and N under different land uses (conventional-tillage cropping, integrated crop-livestock system, and permanent pasture). The study area was located at the Institute of Animal Science in the municipality of Nova Odessa, São Paulo State (Brazil), with soil classified as Typic Acrudox with medium texture. Land use systems were: (1) integrated crop-livestock with maize and Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu; (2) integrated crop-livestock with maize and U. ruziziensis; (3) integrated crop-livestock with maize and U. brizantha cv. Piatã; (4) long-term (25-yr-old) pasture with U. brizantha; and (5) conventional-tillage cropping with– maize only. The results showed that (to the layer 0-40 cm depth) the integrated crop-livestock systems (ICLS) had greater soil organic C (52.4 Mg ha-1) and N (4.3 Mg ha-1) than cropping (46.5 Mg C ha-1 and 4.0 Mg N ha-1) only or pasture only (47.6 Mg C ha-1 and 3.9 Mg N ha-1). The rotation with U. brizantha cv. Piatã had lower soil organic C (48.5 Mg ha-1) and N (3.9 Mg ha-1) than with U. brizantha cv. Marandu (56.2 Mg C ha-1 and 4.5 Mg N ha-1) and U. ruziziensis (56.6 Mg C ha-1 and 4.6 Mg N ha-1). These results suggest that integrated crop-livestock systems can be used to improve soil organic matter, and may have additional benefits in sustaining agricultural production in areas experiencing degradation from continuously grazed pastures.
Abstract: Soil organic matter affects physical, chemical and biological conditions, and has been used as a soil quality index to differentiate the effects of different land uses and management practices. The objective of this study was to evaluate soil stocks of C and N under different land uses (conventional-tillage cropping, integrated crop-livestock syste...
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Plant Canopy, Tuber Yield and Growth Analysis of Potato under Moderate and Severe Drought Condition
Abdullah- Al-Mahmud,
Md. Altaf Hossain,
Md. Abdullah-Al-Mamun,
Md. Shamimuzzaman,
Ebna Habib Md. Shafiur Rahaman,
Md. Shawquat Ali Khan,
Md. Mahfuz Bazzaz
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 5, October 2014
Pages:
201-208
Received:
20 September 2014
Accepted:
5 October 2014
Published:
20 October 2014
Abstract: Four CIP potato clones with 1 check variety Asterix were grown during 2010-11 and 2011-12 at Horticulture Research Farm of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh to observe the effect of water stress on canopy structure, yield and growth rate of potato. The study validated that all the genotypes showed reduction in plant height, number of above ground shoots per plant, tuber number per plant and yield by different degrees of drought. Significant yield reduction was found among the genotypes due to drought treatments. Genotype CIP 396244.12 and CIP 393371.58 performed better in severe drought condition in producing higher number of tuber per plant and yield. CIP 396244.12 produced the highest leaf area index in all drought treatments whereas the CIP 391004.18 produced the minimum. In all stage of growth, crop growth rate was affected by different drought treatments where CIP 396244.12 showed the highest crop growth rate followed by CIP 393371.58 and CIP 391004.18 being the lowest. Under severe and moderate drought condition genotype CIP 396244.12 maintained a higher tuber growth rate but under well watered condition CIP 396244.12 and Asterix achieved superior.
Abstract: Four CIP potato clones with 1 check variety Asterix were grown during 2010-11 and 2011-12 at Horticulture Research Farm of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh to observe the effect of water stress on canopy structure, yield and growth rate of potato. The study validated that all the genotypes showed reduct...
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Effects of Salt and Water Stress on Leaf Production, Sodium and Potassium Ion Accumulation in Soybean
Md. Shawquat Ali Khan,
Md. Abdullah-Al-Mamun,
Abullah- Al-Mahmud,
Md. Mahfuz Bazzaz,
Altaf Hossain,
Md. Sultan Alam,
Md. Shamimuzzaman,
Md. Abdul Karim
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 5, October 2014
Pages:
209-214
Received:
7 October 2014
Accepted:
17 October 2014
Published:
30 October 2014
Abstract: Leaf traits of three soybean genotypes viz., Galarsum, BD 2331 and BARI Soybean 6 were evaluated for their salt and water stress tolerance under the salinity levels of 0, 50 and 75 mM NaCl and water stress with 70% depletion of available soil water at the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Salna, Gazipur, Bangladesh. The treatment were imposed in plants on 21 days after emergence and continued up to 56 days of age. The results of this study indicated that leaf traits like leaf number, leaf area and its dry weight of the soybean genotypes were sharply decreased when the plants were exposed to water stress, salt stress and, combined salt and water stress conditions. Least reduction in leaf traits was observed in Galarsum in all stress conditions. All leaf traits decreased more in 75 mM NaCl salinity combined with water stress treatment. The leaf dry weight was decreased to 39.72, 38.58 and 39.43% of the control in Galarsum, BD 2331 and BARI Soybean 6, respectively. The genotype Galarsum also accumulated lower amount of Na+ and higher amount of K+ in leaf tissues under salt stress and, combined salt and water stress environments as compared to others.
Abstract: Leaf traits of three soybean genotypes viz., Galarsum, BD 2331 and BARI Soybean 6 were evaluated for their salt and water stress tolerance under the salinity levels of 0, 50 and 75 mM NaCl and water stress with 70% depletion of available soil water at the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Salna, Gazipur, Bangladesh...
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Effect of the Two Antioxidants; Glutathione and Ascorbic Acid on Vegetative Growth, Yield and Some Biochemical Changes in Two Wheat Cultivars
Mohamed El-Sayed El-Awadi,
Safaa Reda El-Lethy,
Kawther Gad El-Rokiek
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 5, October 2014
Pages:
215-221
Received:
1 October 2014
Accepted:
13 October 2014
Published:
30 October 2014
Abstract: Two field experiments were carried out in the experimental farm of National Research Center at Nubaria, Egypt, during two successive seasons 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 to study the effect of the two antioxidants; glutathione and ascorbic acid on growth, yield and yield components of two cultivars of wheat plant (Triticum aestivum L.). The two cultivars were Sakha93 and Giza168. The two antioxidants were foliarly applied twice at the two concentrations 50 and 100ppm for each. The first spray was applied 30 days after sowing and the second spray was applied 15 days later (45 days after sowing). The results indicated significant increases in the growth of the two wheat cultivars Sakha93 and Giza168. The increase in growth was accompanied by increase in yield and yield components of the two cultivars compared to the corresponding controls. In general, growth and yield exhibited greatest response towards the higher concentration of glutathione. The increase in wheat growth was concomitant with increases in photosynthetic pigments, carbohydrate, total free amino acids and protein contents. The results suggested using both antioxidants glutathione and ascorbic acid especially at 100 ppm of glutathione to improve wheat growth and yield.
Abstract: Two field experiments were carried out in the experimental farm of National Research Center at Nubaria, Egypt, during two successive seasons 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 to study the effect of the two antioxidants; glutathione and ascorbic acid on growth, yield and yield components of two cultivars of wheat plant (Triticum aestivum L.). The two cultivar...
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Transverse Section of the Root of Capsicum Species and their Taxonomic Importance
Aziagba Bibian Okwuchukwu,
Okeke Clement Uwabunkeonye,
Ezeabara Chinelo Anthonia,
Uka Chiedozie Joel,
Egboka Toochukwu Praise
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 5, October 2014
Pages:
222-225
Received:
2 October 2014
Accepted:
18 October 2014
Published:
30 October 2014
Abstract: The genus, Capsicum belongs to the family Solanaceae. The transverse sections of the root of five varieties of Capsicum species were investigated. Some common similarities in the pores, ray sizes showing multiserriate and apotrachael parenchyma in some varieties shows close affinity .Variations in the number of vessels and scanty vasicentric paratracheal are suspected to be an influence both by the environment and ecological adaptation as well as genotype. Possession of banded and ,aliform./transverse paratracheal parenchyma by var. Bird eye pepper’ and var. ‘Nsukka yellow pepper’ indicates the two varieties to be more primitive when compared with others .Thus, this research could be important to plant Taxonomist in solving the confusion in the taxonomy of cultivated Capsicum.
Abstract: The genus, Capsicum belongs to the family Solanaceae. The transverse sections of the root of five varieties of Capsicum species were investigated. Some common similarities in the pores, ray sizes showing multiserriate and apotrachael parenchyma in some varieties shows close affinity .Variations in the number of vessels and scanty vasicentric paratr...
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Efficacy of Selected Medicinal Plants from Eastern Kenya against Aspergillus flavus
Theddeus M. Kiswii,
Ethel O. Monda,
Paul O. Okemo,
Christine Bii,
Amos E. Alakonya
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 5, October 2014
Pages:
226-231
Received:
27 May 2014
Accepted:
30 July 2014
Published:
30 October 2014
Abstract: Aflatoxins are a major problem in Eastern Province of Kenya and Aspergillus flavus has been associated with frequent outbreaks of aflatoxicoses in this region. This study evaluated the efficacy of 15 selected medicinal plants from Eastern Kenya against A. flavus. Different concentrations of 1000mg/ml, 750mg/ml and 400mg/ml using Agar Well Diffusion Method were used. Plants found to have inhibition zones of more than 10mm at 400mg/ml had their bark further assayed for antifungal activity. Both the leaf and bark extracts that were found to be effective were assayed for minimum inhibition concentrations (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFC) using Sabouraund Dextrose broth (SDB) micro-dilution method. The methanolic leaf and bark extracts of the fifteen plants assayed displayed concentration depended antifungal activities that was comparable to that of the reference drug Miconazole at 10mg/ml. Leaf extracts showed better antifungal activity than the bark extracts. For instance, Boscia coriacea (mean 17.40mm) had the highest zone of inhibition followed by Zanthoxylem chalybeum (mean 17.20mm). For the bark extracts, Croton megalocarpus (mean 15.0mm) recorded significantly high antifungal activity while Tithonia diversfolia (mean 13.0mm) had the lowest at 400mg/ml. Senna siamea had the lowest MIC and MFC of 6.25mg/ml and 12.5mg/ml respectively. The preliminary phytochemical analysis of the 15 effective medicinal plants revealed the presence of bioactive compounds that included tannins, saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides and alkaloids. The results obtained from the study could be used as a viable management strategy against A. flavus and aflatoxins in the region so as to ensure low mycotoxin exposure as well as low environmental pollution.
Abstract: Aflatoxins are a major problem in Eastern Province of Kenya and Aspergillus flavus has been associated with frequent outbreaks of aflatoxicoses in this region. This study evaluated the efficacy of 15 selected medicinal plants from Eastern Kenya against A. flavus. Different concentrations of 1000mg/ml, 750mg/ml and 400mg/ml using Agar Well Diffusion...
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Influence of Different Seed Rates on Yield Contributing Traits in Wheat Varieties
Ghulam Shah Nizamani,
Shamsuddin Tuni,
Umed Ali Buriro,
Muhammad Ibrahim Keerio
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 5, October 2014
Pages:
232-236
Received:
7 October 2014
Accepted:
22 October 2014
Published:
10 November 2014
Abstract: A series of field experiments were conducted to determine the influence of different seed rates (100, 125 and 150 kg ha-1) on yield contributing traits of promising wheat varieties viz. Sarsabz, Kiran-95 and TD-1. The maximum germination, spike length and grains spike-1 was observed under seed rate of 125 kg ha-1. The maximum plant population was recorded under seed rate of 150 kg ha-1 in Kiran-95 and highest grain weight spike-1 was noted under seed rate of 100 kg ha-1 in TD-1 variety. While maximum plant height was observed in Sarsabz under seed rate of 125 kg ha-1. The maximum 1000 grain weight was observed under seed rate of 100 kg ha-1 in TD-1; however, highest grain yield was recorded in Kiran-95. The studies about the biological yield revealed that Sarsabz indicated maximum biological yield under seed rate of 125 kg ha-1 and harvest index in TD-1 under seed rate of 150 kg ha-1. Based on the findings, it is concluded that the Kiran-95 at the seed rate of 125 kg ha-1 performed best, followed by TD-1 and Sarsabz which also produced more yield at seed rate of 125 kg ha-1.
Abstract: A series of field experiments were conducted to determine the influence of different seed rates (100, 125 and 150 kg ha-1) on yield contributing traits of promising wheat varieties viz. Sarsabz, Kiran-95 and TD-1. The maximum germination, spike length and grains spike-1 was observed under seed rate of 125 kg ha-1. The maximum plant population was r...
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Allelopathic Potential of Equisetum giganteum L. and Nephrolepis exaltata L. on Germination and Growth of Cucumber and Lettuce
Danilo Miralha Franco,
Luiz Fernando Rolim de Almeida,
Rodrigo de Souza Poletto
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 5, October 2014
Pages:
237-241
Received:
15 October 2014
Accepted:
29 October 2014
Published:
10 November 2014
Abstract: Nephrolepis exaltata L. Schott "Bostoniensis" family Davalliaceae and Equisetum giganteum L. family Equisetaceae, Phylum Pteridophyta, exhibit a strong mechanism of dominance in the areas in which they live. Have secondary compounds with allelopathic activity. The objective of this article was evaluate allelopathic potential of two ferns species, using bioassay applying aqueous extracts of dried fronds, in cucumber and lettuce seeds, and observing germination and initial development. To observe the influence on germination was analyze the percentage of germinated seeds and germination speed index (GSI). To observe initial development was analyzed shoot and root growth of the seedlings. The bioassays revealed that no concentration significantly inhibited the germination, but germination speed was delayed gradually in two species tested, as increased the extract concentration. In initial development, all the extracts showed a tendency to inhibit the growth, and an increase in extract concentration decreasing growth of radicle and hypocotyl axis. We conclude that the aqueous extract has inhibitory activity more pronounced in early development than in seed germination, affecting the primary structures of the tested plants, corroborating with the observations of occurrences of the species in natural places where dominate and suppress the growth of other species.
Abstract: Nephrolepis exaltata L. Schott "Bostoniensis" family Davalliaceae and Equisetum giganteum L. family Equisetaceae, Phylum Pteridophyta, exhibit a strong mechanism of dominance in the areas in which they live. Have secondary compounds with allelopathic activity. The objective of this article was evaluate allelopathic potential of two ferns species, u...
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Ganoderma Lobenense (Basidiomycetes), a New Species from Oil Palm (Elaeis Guineensis) in Cameroon
Tonjock Rosemary Kinge,
Afui Mathias Mih
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 5, October 2014
Pages:
242-245
Received:
18 September 2014
Accepted:
20 October 2014
Published:
10 November 2014
Abstract: A species of Ganoderma, which could not be identified with any known species, was found in the Lobe oil palm plantations of PAMOL limited Cameroon during a survey of basal stem rot disease of oil palm in the South West Region of Cameroon. It has a septatipelis pileipellis (presence of septa at the top, middle and bottom parts of the pileipellis) which distinguishes it morphologically from other species of Ganoderma. Based on this distinct morphological character we describe it as a species new to science and named it Ganoderma lobenense R.K. Tonjock and A.M. Mih, with the specific epithet derived from the name of the type locality (Lobe), where the specimen was collected. The type specimen (HKAS 58059) is lodged at the HKAS (Herbarium of Cryptogams, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences) in China.
Abstract: A species of Ganoderma, which could not be identified with any known species, was found in the Lobe oil palm plantations of PAMOL limited Cameroon during a survey of basal stem rot disease of oil palm in the South West Region of Cameroon. It has a septatipelis pileipellis (presence of septa at the top, middle and bottom parts of the pileipellis) wh...
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Physico-Chemical Investigation of Honey Samples from Bee Farmers in Ekiti State, Southwest Nigeria
Joshua Kayode,
Sunday Dele Oyeyemi
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 5, October 2014
Pages:
246-249
Received:
26 August 2014
Accepted:
25 September 2014
Published:
10 November 2014
Abstract: Fifteen honey samples obtained from different locations in Ekiti State, Southwest Nigeria were analyzed for some physico-chemical attributes including pH, moisture contents, ash contents, total acidity, total solid, proline contents. The results showed a range of honey colours from amber to dark brown. The pH of the samples ranged from 3.73 to 4.60 while the total solid ranged between 76.60% to 90.73%, moisture content varied from 9.72% to 23.40%, ash 0.004 to 0.440% and total acidity 21.5 to 33.6 meqkg- 1. Twelve samples passed proline tests while three failed proline test. Generally, the findings showed that the attributes of twelve of the commercial honeys agreed with the international standards which make them good for human consumption while others have higher values than normal level in certain parameters, thus suggesting some level of adulteration by farmers.
Abstract: Fifteen honey samples obtained from different locations in Ekiti State, Southwest Nigeria were analyzed for some physico-chemical attributes including pH, moisture contents, ash contents, total acidity, total solid, proline contents. The results showed a range of honey colours from amber to dark brown. The pH of the samples ranged from 3.73 to 4.6...
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Vegetation Characteristics of Bowé in Benin (West Africa)
Elie Antoine Padonou,
Aristide Cossi Adomou,
Yvonne Bachmann,
Anne Mette Lykke,
Brice Sinsin
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 5, October 2014
Pages:
250-255
Received:
21 October 2014
Accepted:
4 November 2014
Published:
10 November 2014
Abstract: Bowé are particular form of degraded land where ferricrete, a hard erosion-resistant layer, is exposed. This study investigated vegetation characteristics of bowé (species composition, life form, chorological type, and plant family) in the semiarid and sub-humid climate zones in Benin. In both climate zones, bowé sites were characterized by grassland and savanna. The species composition on bowé varied according to the climate zone. Woody species were frequent on bowé in sub-humid (51% of the total species recorded) than in semiarid (44%). Geophytes, hemicryptophytes and phanerophytes were frequent on bowé in the sub-humid than in the semiarid climate zone. The difference between the two climate zones on the occurrence of therophytes on bowé was not significant. The frequency of chamaephytes was higher on bowé sites in the semiarid zone. Afro-tropical, Afro-Malgache, Pluri regional African and Pantropical chorological types were frequent on bowé than in woodlands in each climate zone while the opposite was found for Guineo-Congolian and Sudano-Zambesian chorotypes. Plant families such as Amaranthaceae, Zingiberaceae, Chrysobalanaceae, Connaraceae, Loganiaceae, Moraceae and Ochnaceae were only found on bowé in the sub-humid climate zone, while Convolvulaceae, Loganiaceae, Rhamnaceae, Araceae, Colchicaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Olacaceae, Pedaliaceae, Amaranthaceae, and Cyperaceae were only found on bowé in the semiarid zone.
Abstract: Bowé are particular form of degraded land where ferricrete, a hard erosion-resistant layer, is exposed. This study investigated vegetation characteristics of bowé (species composition, life form, chorological type, and plant family) in the semiarid and sub-humid climate zones in Benin. In both climate zones, bowé sites were characterized by grassla...
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