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Performance Evaluation of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) Varieties Under Supplemental Irrigation at Erer Valley, Babile District, Ethiopia
Gebisa Benti,
Gezu Degefa,
Alemayehu Biri,
Fikadu Tadesse
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, February 2017
Pages:
1-5
Received:
4 November 2016
Accepted:
25 November 2016
Published:
18 January 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20170501.11
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Abstract: Farmers in Babile district of Ethiopia cultivate tomato from unknown seed sources and small fruit sizes, which lead to low fruit yield. The framers also produce this variety only during main cropping season even though irrigation water is available. Farmers should produce improved tomato variety at least two times per year using irrigation water to increase their production on their limited land. As tomato is being consumed, growers have to grow crops with high yield, good quality and well performed to their environment. Considering these problems, a field experiment was conducted at the Erer valley on farmers land during offseason of the two consecutive years to evaluate tomato varieties under irrigation water and recommend high fruit yielding variety to the area. The results revealed that there was significant (P≤0.05) differences among varieties for plant height, days to flowering, fruits per cluster, clusters per plant, average fruit weight and fruit yield per hectare, except primary branches per plant. 'Melkashola' and 'Bishola' out yielded among the varieties; 30.86 t ha-1 and 26.96 t ha-1, respectively over the two years. 'Melkashola' and 'Bishola' 'Melkashola' and 'Bishola' advanced fruit yield per hectare by about 40% and 35% over the 'Babile local', respectively. However, farmers preferred 'Melkashola' due to its fruit size and shape over 'Bishola' which is extreme in fruit size and was susceptible to sun scald. Therefore, 'Melkashola' was recommended to the area for its high fruit yield per hectare under irrigation during offseason cropping.
Abstract: Farmers in Babile district of Ethiopia cultivate tomato from unknown seed sources and small fruit sizes, which lead to low fruit yield. The framers also produce this variety only during main cropping season even though irrigation water is available. Farmers should produce improved tomato variety at least two times per year using irrigation water to...
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Indigenous Knowledge of Enset (Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman) Cultivation and Management Practice by Shekicho People, Southwest Ethiopia
Belachew Garedew,
Aklilu Ayiza,
Bewuketu Haile,
Habtamu Kasaye
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, February 2017
Pages:
6-18
Received:
10 December 2016
Accepted:
21 December 2016
Published:
23 January 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20170501.12
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Abstract: Enset is a multipurpose crop of which every part is thoroughly utilized, cultivated as a food and fibre crop only in Ethiopia, particularly in the southern and south western parts of the country. This research was conducted with objective of exploring distribution, cultivation method and farmers’ traditional management system of ensets cultivars in Sheka Zone, Southwest Ethiopia. The study kebeles were selected using purposive sampling method and the simple random method was employed to select household informants based on the proportion to the size of total enset growing households in selected kebeles, accordingly 270 households were used for this study. The data were collected using open and close ended questionnaires,key informant interview, filed observation and focus group discussion. Then the data was analysed using SPSS 20.0 Software and microsoft excel. In the present exploration 68 enset local varieties (cultivars) have been identified. Maximum enset varieties were recorded (24 per household) from Masha District. Farmers select and maintain these local varieties that best meet their needs using their indigenous knowledge. The farmers cited resistance to pest and disease (25.09%), size of the plant (22.88%) and taste or quality of enset product (19.34%) as important criteria to categorize and select different varieties of enset. Enset local varieties; ‘Gudiro’, ‘Nobo’, ‘Yobo’ and ‘Cherallo’ were claimed to be widely adaptable and disease and pest resistant varieties of enset by most farmers in the area. Farmers cultivate enset in home garden (25.49%) and in main filed (21.64%) or both home garden and main (41.67%) as mono-crop (63.71%) or intercropped (36.29%) mode of cultivation. Enset is cultivated mainly for food (78.82%) in the Zone where the corm and the pseudostem are the most important sources of food. The types of food from these parts are ‘Kocho’, ‘Bulla or Etino’ and ‘Amicho or Utto’. Despite the facts that enset remained staple crop for Sheka zone for centuries, little research and development attention have so far given. As such potential of enset for food security and income generation has not been fully exploited. The traditional farming system and associated traditional wisdom that contributed for the availability of present day diversity need to be maintained and developed further, farmers should be supported and encouraged to continue the on-farm conservation activities. Enset processing is carried out by women using traditional tools and the process is laborious and tiresome. This indicates future research area in processing technology development.
Abstract: Enset is a multipurpose crop of which every part is thoroughly utilized, cultivated as a food and fibre crop only in Ethiopia, particularly in the southern and south western parts of the country. This research was conducted with objective of exploring distribution, cultivation method and farmers’ traditional management system of ensets cultivars in...
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Genetic Stability of Cassava Plants Regenerated Through Organogenesis Using Microsatellite Markers
Gilbert Osena,
Nelson Onzere Amugune,
Evans Nyaega Nyaboga
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, February 2017
Pages:
19-28
Received:
15 December 2016
Accepted:
30 December 2016
Published:
23 January 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20170501.13
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Abstract: Tissue culture technology of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a viable alternative to currently adopted techniques for mass propagation, germplasm conservation and genetic improvement. However, somaclonal variation is a common phenomenon in tissue culture which makes it mandatory to monitor the genetic stability of plants. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic stability of cassava plants regenerated from axillary bud explants through direct organogenesis using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. High shoot regeneration (81.2 – 90.0%) occurred in MS medium supplemented with 10 mg/L 6-bnzylaminopurine (BAP) and multiple shoots (2 – 4 shoots per from axillary bud explant) were formed for all the three cultivars (TME14, TMS60444 and Kibandameno) tested. High frequency of rooting (100%) was obtained after transferring the plantlets to cassava basic medium (CBM) and the rooted plants were successfully hardened and acclimatized in the glasshouse with 100% survival rate. Three-month old plants exhibited normal morphological characters comparing with the mother plant. A total of 10 SSR markers were used to validate the genetic homogeneity amongst five randomly selected plants along with the donor mother plants. DNA fingerprints of axillary bud regenerated plants displayed monomorphic bands similar to mother plant, indicating homogeneity among the regenerated plants with donor mother plant. The effect of subculture frequency on genetic stability of axillary bud-derived regenerants and micropropagated plants was also assessed using SSR markers. All the SSR profiles from axillary bud regenerants and micropropagated plants were monomorphic and comparable to mother plants from 1st to 5th subculture, confirming the genetic stability among clones and mother plants. At the 6th subculture, similarity indicators between the progenies and the mother plants ranged from 0.95 to 1.0 and such a similarity indicated a very low polymorphism. The dendrograms generated through Unweighted Pair Group Method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) analysis of the 6th subculture revealed 96% similarity amongst axillary bud regenerants and micropropagated plants with donor mother plant. This low polymorphism ratio between mother plants, axillary bud regenerants and micro-propagated plants indicates the little effect of somaclonal variations, the high genetic similarity between mother plants and progenies and demonstrates the reliability of this propagation system for cassava. These results suggest that direct organogenesis from the axillary buds is the safest method for regeneration of true-to-type plants and this system can be used for clonal mass propagation, germplasm conservation and genetic transformation of cassava.
Abstract: Tissue culture technology of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a viable alternative to currently adopted techniques for mass propagation, germplasm conservation and genetic improvement. However, somaclonal variation is a common phenomenon in tissue culture which makes it mandatory to monitor the genetic stability of plants. Therefore, the objec...
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Evaluation of Seed Dressing Pesticides on Barely Shoot Fly, Delia flavibasis and Barely Stripe, Pyrenophora graminea Disease in South-Eastern Ethiopia
Tekalign Zeleke,
Bekele Hundie,
Tamirat Negash
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, February 2017
Pages:
29-33
Received:
19 November 2016
Accepted:
3 December 2016
Published:
2 March 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20170501.14
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Abstract: During meher season, 2013 and 2014, the efficacy of two seed dressing pesticides Apron Star 42 WS and Joint TM 246 FS, possessing fungicidal and insecticidal characteristics were evaluated against plant disease (barley stripe) and insect pest (barley shootfly) in two rates and 11 locations, 8 in Arsi and West Arsi zones, and 3 in Bale zone, in South-eastern Ethiopia. Pooled zone average data revealed that Apron Star 42 WS and JointTM 246 FS with higher rates, 250g and 200m/100kgseed, respectively, give a better control of barley shootfly under Bale zone circumstances where this pest is most prevalent and severe. The lower rates of Apron Star 42 WS (125g/100kgseed) and JointTM 246 FS (100ml/100kgseed) did not significantly differ from their higher rates in barley stripe management in all zones and shootfly in Arsi and West Arsi zones, and thus, both higher and lower rates of both seed treatment pesticides are recommended to be used as one of the components of barley diseases management options in malt barley and food barley production in South-eastern Ethiopia.
Abstract: During meher season, 2013 and 2014, the efficacy of two seed dressing pesticides Apron Star 42 WS and Joint TM 246 FS, possessing fungicidal and insecticidal characteristics were evaluated against plant disease (barley stripe) and insect pest (barley shootfly) in two rates and 11 locations, 8 in Arsi and West Arsi zones, and 3 in Bale zone, in Sout...
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An Ethnoveterinary Study of Medicinal Plants Used for the Management of Livestock Ailments in Selected Kebeles of Dire Dawa Administration, Eastern Ethiopia
Atinafu Kebede,
Shimels Ayalew,
Akalu Mesfin,
Getachew Mulualem
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, February 2017
Pages:
34-42
Received:
20 December 2016
Accepted:
14 January 2017
Published:
2 March 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20170501.15
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Abstract: Ethnoveterinary study of medicinal plants in selected kebeles of Dire Dawa Administration, eastern Ethiopia was carried out with the aim of assessing and documenting the indigenous knowledge of medicinal plants used in the local communities. In Ethiopia traditional medicine is often used for the management of livestock aliments by various ethnic groups. About 90% of livestock population is said to be dependent on traditional medicine for primary healthcare services and most of these remedies come from plants. The study sites were selected purposefully based on the reconnaissance survey conducted prior to the actual study and recommendations of elders in the study area. Ethnoveterinary data collection was carried out from December to June 2016 from 48 informants using semi-structured interviews. The informants were with an average age of 46 years. Males were the leading representing (83%) of the respondents. Generally, (60%) of the respondents were above 50 years. A total of 33 ethnoveterinary medicinal plant species belonging to 30 genera and 20 families were documented and identified for treating 22 different livestock ailments. Most of the ethnoveterinary medicinal plants were collected from the wild (88%) and leaves were the most frequently used (38%) parts for remedy preparations. Oral application is the most frequently employed (64%), followed by the dermal application which accounts for 11%. There was a significant positive correlation (Pearson correlation coefficient, r= 0.39, at α = 0.05, p = 0.04) between the informants’ age and the number of species cited. However, there was a significant negative correlation (Pearson correlation coefficient, r = -0.31, at α = 0.05, p < 0.001) between the number of species cited and the educational background of the informants. The information generated from this study can be used as baseline data for farther studies.
Abstract: Ethnoveterinary study of medicinal plants in selected kebeles of Dire Dawa Administration, eastern Ethiopia was carried out with the aim of assessing and documenting the indigenous knowledge of medicinal plants used in the local communities. In Ethiopia traditional medicine is often used for the management of livestock aliments by various ethnic gr...
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Evaluation of Host Reaction and Yield Performance of Malt Barley Cultivars to Net Blotch, Pyrenophora teres in Bale Highlands, Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, February 2017
Pages:
43-47
Received:
19 November 2016
Accepted:
6 December 2016
Published:
4 March 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20170501.16
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Abstract: The host reaction and yield performance of malt barley cultivars to net blotch, Pyrenophora teres disease was tested under natural infection of field at Sinana Agricultural Research Center (SARC) in Maher seasons of 2015. This study was designed to 12 commercial malt barley cultivars under field condition in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two replications. The significant differences in severity (%), Area Under the Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC), grain yield (kg/ha), TKW (gm) and Days to Heading (DH) among the malt barley cultivars were observed. The HB-52 (4-68%), HB-1533 (12-54%) and Miscal-21 (4-68%) were scored the lowest ranges of severity index (%), where as IBON-174/03 (639.5%), HB-52 (611.4%) and HB-1533 (593.4%) were recorded the lowest means of AUDPC. The superior yield responses were obtained from HB-52 (1636kg/ha), Taveller (1647.5kg/ha), Miscal-21 (1775.5kg/ha) and Bekoji-1 (1752kg/ha) as compared to other cultivars. The disease severity % was gradually higher as the plant ages from seedling to maturity in all cultivars were tested to net blotch disease. Phonotypical scoring of net blotch on malt barley cultivar with yield performances were in to four categories; the yielder cultivar in the presence of net blotch disease pressure (Traveller, Bekoj-1 and Grace), both disease resistance and yielder cultivar (HB-52, Miscal-21), only net blotch resistance cultivar (HB-1533, IBON-174.03) and Cultivars (Beka, Sabini, Bahati, Fire Gebs and HB-120) were also identified as susceptibility to net blotch at natural infection in field with none yield advantage.
Abstract: The host reaction and yield performance of malt barley cultivars to net blotch, Pyrenophora teres disease was tested under natural infection of field at Sinana Agricultural Research Center (SARC) in Maher seasons of 2015. This study was designed to 12 commercial malt barley cultivars under field condition in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) ...
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