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Effect of Essential Oils of Artemisia arborescens on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6-1, December 2014
Pages:
1-4
Received:
31 July 2014
Accepted:
16 January 2015
Published:
14 March 2015
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.s.2014020601.11
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Abstract: This study was carried out to investigate the potential use of Artemisia arborescens as a source of antimicrobial agents against pathogens. Essential oils of A. arborescens were collected by hydrodistillation. The antibacterial properties of A. arborescens essential oil was studied on the standard gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), and Staphylococcus aureus (gram-positive bacteria), then agar disk diffusion, minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were detected. The results of agar disk diffusion tests showed the inhibition zones as follow: S. aureus 00-18 mm, E. coli 00-16 mm and 08-14 mm for P. aeruginosa. However, their antibacterial activities were lower than those of Gentamicin. The MIC for S. aureus and P. aeruginosa was between 33 and 66 mg/ml, and for Gram-negative bacteria of E. coli was between 66 and 132 mg/ml, while the MBC values of this oil against the tested bacterial strains were between 132 and 264 mg/ml.
Abstract: This study was carried out to investigate the potential use of Artemisia arborescens as a source of antimicrobial agents against pathogens. Essential oils of A. arborescens were collected by hydrodistillation. The antibacterial properties of A. arborescens essential oil was studied on the standard gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudo...
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Effect of the Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Moringa oleifera on Insulin Resistance in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats
Anyanwu Anthony Chinedu.,
Salako Olanrewaju Alani.,
Adeyemi Olufunmi Olaide.
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6-1, December 2014
Pages:
5-12
Received:
29 August 2014
Accepted:
6 October 2014
Published:
14 March 2015
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.s.2014020601.12
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Abstract: Insulin resistance plays a central role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Ameliorating insulin resistance helps to improve glycaemic control and hence reduce the risk of development and progression of diabetic complications. The extract of Moringa oleifera has been shown to improve hyperglycaemia, however, little is known on its effect on insulin resistance and beta-cell function. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the ethanolic leaf extract of Moringa oleifera on insulin resistance in high-fat diet and streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Different doses (250 and 500 mg/kg) of the ethanolic leaf extract of Moringa oleifera were administered orally for two weeks, to high-fat diet and streptozotocin induced diabetic rats, and were compared with metformin 320 mg/kg and control group (distilled water 10 ml/kg) for the effect on fasting blood glucose, serum insulin and insulin resistance (HOMA). The extract of Moringa oleifera (at doses of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg) significantly lowered the fasting blood glucose at days 7 and 14 compared to controls (p = 0.0021 and p = 0.0001 respectively). There was a significant increase in serum insulin level in the control group at days 7 and 14 compared to the groups treated with the extract (250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg) and metformin (p<0.01, p<0.02 and p<0.01 respectively). The extract at both doses and metformin (320 mg/kg) induced a significant improvement in insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) on days 7 and 14 (p < 0.0001).
Abstract: Insulin resistance plays a central role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Ameliorating insulin resistance helps to improve glycaemic control and hence reduce the risk of development and progression of diabetic complications. The extract of Moringa oleifera has been shown to improve hyperglycaemia, however, little is known on its effe...
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Antidiabetic and Thrombolytic Effects of Ethanolic Extract of Spilanthes paniculata Leaves
Shamima Akter,
Md. Ataur Rahman,
Md. Abul Kalam Azad,
Md. Mohiuddin,
Abdullah Al Mamun,
Jyotirmoy Sarker,
Mohammad Safiqul Islam,
Md. Shahid Sarwar
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6-1, December 2014
Pages:
13-18
Received:
21 December 2014
Accepted:
27 December 2014
Published:
14 March 2015
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.s.2014020601.13
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Abstract: Experimental studies explored the antidiabetic and thrombolytic effect of several Spilanthes species in various animal models, but previously no study was conducted to establish the antidiabetic and thrombolytic potentiality of Spilanthes paniculata. The present study investigate the antidiabetic and thrombolytic effects of ethanolic extract of Spilanthes paniculata leaves with the intention to find the drug for diabetes and thrombosis management from natural sources. The hypoglycemic effect of the extracts was tested in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Blood glucose level was measured according to glucose oxidase method. The thrombolytic activity was assessed by using human erythrocyte and the results were compared with standard streptokinase (SK). In the present research, the ethanolic extract of Spilanthes paniculata reduces the blood glucose level at a dose and time dependant manner. It was observed that the plant possess significant antidiabetic activity (P<0.05) at higher dose (450 mg/kg body weight) when compared with standard drug glibenclamide. The extract, at a dose of 150, 300 and 450 mg/kg body weight showed glucose reduction from 23.37±1.80, 20.1±2.60 and 17.13±1.36 initial levels to 11.07±1.98, 10.1±0.26 and 8.3±0.15 mmol/L after 8 hours respectively. In this study, the ethanolic extract of Spilanthes paniculata showed moderate clot lysis activity. The clot lysis activity of control, standard (streptokinase) and ethanolic extract of Spilanthes paniculata was 2.65%, 93.35% and 46.78% respectively. This study explored that ethanolic extract of Spilanthes paniculata leaves has potential antidiabetic and moderate thrombolytic activity.
Abstract: Experimental studies explored the antidiabetic and thrombolytic effect of several Spilanthes species in various animal models, but previously no study was conducted to establish the antidiabetic and thrombolytic potentiality of Spilanthes paniculata. The present study investigate the antidiabetic and thrombolytic effects of ethanolic extract of Sp...
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Comparative Evaluation of Antidiabetic Activity of Crude Methanolic Extract of Leaves, Fruits, Roots and Aerial Parts of Coccinia grandis
Md. Ataur Rahman,
Jyotirmoy Sarker,
Shamima Akter,
Abdullah Al Mamun,
Md. Abul Kalam Azad,
Md. Mohiuddin,
Seuly Akter,
Md. Shahid Sarwar
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6-1, December 2014
Pages:
19-23
Received:
21 December 2014
Accepted:
27 December 2014
Published:
14 March 2015
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.s.2014020601.14
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Abstract: Many traditional medicines in use are obtained from medicinal plants, minerals and organic matter. During the past several years, there has been increasing interest among the uses of various medicinal plants from the traditional system of medicine for the treatment of different ailments. Coccinia grandis has been used in traditional medicine as a household remedy for various diseases. The whole plant of Coccinia grandis having pharmacological activities like analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiulcer, antidiabetic, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective, antimalarial, antidyslipidemic, anticancer, antitussive, mutagenic. The present review gives botany, chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of coccinia grandis. This study was aimed to investigate the antidiabetic activities of methanolic extract of leaves, fruits, root and aerial part of Coccinia grandis in alloxan induced diabetic mice. Diabetes was confirmed after 25 days of single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (150 mg/kg) in albino mice. Different groups of diabetic animals were treated with crude plant extract of 150 mg/kg , 300 mg/kg, 400 mg /kg respectively orally administered for a period of 8 hours. The blood sugar level was monitored after 2 hour, after 4 hour, after 6 hour and after 8 hour respectively. The antidiabetic effect of crude plant extract was compared with Glibenclamide (10 mg/kg) belongs to the group of oral hypoglycemic. Our study indicate that, the root, fruit, leaf and aerial part of plant extract (150 mg/kg) reduce the blood glucose level after 8th hour 7.87±0.35, 17.9±12.18, 19.5±7.04 and 23.7±7.23 respectively. The root, fruit, leaf and aerial part of plant extract (300 mg/kg) reduce the blood glucose level after 8th hour 18±12, 19.6±11.6, 20.1±1.55 and 15.3±1.28 respectively. The root, fruit, leaf and aerial part of plant extract (450 mg/kg) reduce the blood glucose level after 8th hour 16.2±1.08, 9.4±0.46, 14.3±1.31 and 10.4±1.56 respectively. Glibenclamide (10 mg/kg) reduces the blood glucose level 11.27±4.64. From this study, it was revealed that different part of Coccinia grandis plant extract has potential antidiabetic activity.
Abstract: Many traditional medicines in use are obtained from medicinal plants, minerals and organic matter. During the past several years, there has been increasing interest among the uses of various medicinal plants from the traditional system of medicine for the treatment of different ailments. Coccinia grandis has been used in traditional medicine as a h...
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Characterization of chemical groups, and investigation of cytotoxic and antioxidant activity of Litsea glutinosa leaves
Rumpa Bhowmick,
Md. Shahid Sarwar,
Syed Masudur Rahman Dewan,
Abhijit Das,
Binayok Das,
Md. Mohiuddin,
K. M. Rahat Maruf Jitu,
Mohammad Safiqul Islam
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6-1, December 2014
Pages:
24-29
Received:
14 November 2014
Accepted:
19 November 2014
Published:
23 June 2015
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.s.2014020601.15
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Abstract: The present study was conducted to investigate possible phytochemicals, cytotoxic activity, total phenolic content and antioxidant property of different extracts of Litsea glutinosa leaves. To determine different pytochemicals, various standard group tests were done. For cytotoxicity test, brine shrimp lethality bioassay was carried out. To evaluate the antioxidant properties, some complementary test systems, namely DPPH free-radical scavenging assay and reducing power assay and determination of total phenolic content were conducted. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrate, flavonoid, saponin, gum, steroid, tannins and terpinoids. In brine shrimp lethality bioassay, results showed that all the extracts possess significant (P˂0.05) activity when compared to the standard, Colchicine. Among the extracts, the n-hexane soluble fraction showed the highest activity (LC50 30.32±0.46µg/ml) which is very close to the standard (LC50 30.11±0.30µg/ml) used. In DPPH free radical scavenging test, IC50 value of the ethyl acetate extract was found fairly significant (9.68±0.15μg/ml) while compared to that of the reference standards ascorbic acid (1.82±0.15μg/ml). In reducing power assay, the maximum reducing capacity for the methanolic extract was found 257.67±4.04 at 200μg/ml while compared to standard ascorbic acid (356.33±5.68μg/ml). The total phenolic amount was also calculated as quite high in the ethyl acetate extract (69.00±0.58mg/g of gallic acid equivalent). Presence of significant antioxidant properties of different extracts would justify its traditional use. However, it would be interesting to investigate possible causes and their mechanisms responsible for the cytotoxic and antioxidant properties of the plant L. glutinosa.
Abstract: The present study was conducted to investigate possible phytochemicals, cytotoxic activity, total phenolic content and antioxidant property of different extracts of Litsea glutinosa leaves. To determine different pytochemicals, various standard group tests were done. For cytotoxicity test, brine shrimp lethality bioassay was carried out. To evaluat...
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