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Dyeing the Silk Fabric with Some Colour Plants and Comparing the Light Fastness and Breaking Resistance of the Acquired Colours
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, August 2015
Pages:
171-175
Received:
1 June 2015
Accepted:
9 June 2015
Published:
25 June 2015
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20150304.11
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Abstract: Silk has preserved its actuality and importance between the textile raw materials with its naturalness, softness, brightness and charm since the first and oldest ages of civilization. It is possible to dye silk fabric with plant dyes. In this study madder (Rubia tinctorium L.), walnut tree (Juglans regia L.), onion (Allium cepa L.), and leaves of olive tree (Olea europea L.) plants were used. Colouring made with the non-mordant method and 20 colouring made with the pre-mordant method. A comparative study performed in order to determine; the colour value, light fastness and breaking resistance of the 24 dyed silk fabrics.
Abstract: Silk has preserved its actuality and importance between the textile raw materials with its naturalness, softness, brightness and charm since the first and oldest ages of civilization. It is possible to dye silk fabric with plant dyes. In this study madder (Rubia tinctorium L.), walnut tree (Juglans regia L.), onion (Allium cepa L.), and leaves of o...
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Influence of Three Cropping Sequences and Mineral Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates on Flax Productivity and Profitability Under Different Planting Dates in Sandy Soil
Abdel-Galil Mohamed Abdel-Galil,
Sanaa Said Hassan,
Amal Mahmoud Elmanzlawy
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, August 2015
Pages:
176-184
Received:
27 May 2015
Accepted:
11 June 2015
Published:
25 June 2015
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20150304.12
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Abstract: The development of modern ecologically and profitable management for flax has a significant importance. A two-year study was carried out at Ismailia Agricultural Experiments and Research Station, ARC, Ismailia governorate, Egypt during 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 seasons to decrease mineral nitrogen (N) inputs of flax with increasing profitability for Egyptian farmer under different cropping sequences and planting dates in sandy soil. This experiment included 27 treatments which were the combinations of three cropping sequences (peanut / flax, peanut /fahl berseem/ flax and peanut / fodder maize / flax), three flax planting dates (5th November, 15th November and 25th November) and three mineral N fertilizer rates (107.1, 142.8 and 178.5 kg N/ha). A split split plot distribution in randomized complete block design was used. The results indicated growing fahl berseem in the transition period between peanut and flax increased plant height, technical length of the main stem, number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, 1000 – seed weight, seed yields per plant and per ha and oil, straw and fiber yields per ha in comparison with those grown after peanut or fodder maize. On the other hand, growing flax after peanut or fodder maize increased flax seed oil content. Seed, oil, straw and fiber yields per ha were decreased with delaying planting date of flax. The highest mineral N fertilizer rate had the highest values of plant height, technical length of the main stem, number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, 1000 – seed weight, seed yields per plant and per ha and oil, straw and fiber yields per ha. Conversely, flax seed oil content was decreased by increasing mineral N fertilizer rates. With regard to all the interactions of this study, all the studied traits of flax were affected significantly by all the interactions. Growing flax plants in the early date (5th November) after cutting fahl berseem gave the highest seed, oil, straw and fiber yields per ha with decreasing mineral N fertilizer rate per ha by twenty five percent under sandy soil conditions.
Abstract: The development of modern ecologically and profitable management for flax has a significant importance. A two-year study was carried out at Ismailia Agricultural Experiments and Research Station, ARC, Ismailia governorate, Egypt during 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 seasons to decrease mineral nitrogen (N) inputs of flax with increasing profitability for ...
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Detection of Bacterial and Fusarium wilt Pathogens in Cabbage by Multiplex PCR
Umesha,
S.,
Jyothi,
N.,
Roohie,
R. K.
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, August 2015
Pages:
185-190
Received:
11 September 2014
Accepted:
23 September 2014
Published:
14 July 2015
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20150304.13
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Abstract: Cabbage is one of the most important vegetable which is extensively cultivated in India and other countries. Fusarium yellows caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. conglutinans is one of the most destructive diseases of cabbage and other crucifers. It causes severe loss in the yield in terms of both quantity and quality. The work on Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.conglutinans in India is very scanty. The aim of the present study was to isolate and study the morphological diversity and pathogenicity variability among F. oxysporum f.sp. conglutinans isolated from different cabbage fields. During the present work, an attempt was made to isolate, identify and characterize the Fusarium yellows of cabbage causing pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. conglutinans, a total of nine soil samples were collected from different fields out of which five were found to be positive for Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. conglutinans. The morphological, physiological characterization results of the present study including, pathogenicity reaction effectively demonstrated the confirmation of isolated pathogen as Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. conglutinans. A multiplex PCR method was developed for the easy detection of the Fusarium yellows and the black rot pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris which in the initial stages produce symptoms which appear similar.
Abstract: Cabbage is one of the most important vegetable which is extensively cultivated in India and other countries. Fusarium yellows caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. conglutinans is one of the most destructive diseases of cabbage and other crucifers. It causes severe loss in the yield in terms of both quantity and quality. The work on Fusarium oxysporum...
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Molecular Characterization of Indian Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Varieties for Cold-Induced Sweetening Using SSR Markers
Galani Yamdeu Joseph Hubert,
Pooja H. Gupta,
Nilesh J. Patel,
Avadh K. Shah,
Rajeshkumar R. Acharya,
Jayantkumar G. Talati
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, August 2015
Pages:
191-196
Received:
27 June 2015
Accepted:
4 July 2015
Published:
14 July 2015
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20150304.14
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Abstract: Cold-induced sweetening developed during storage of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) at low temperature is a crucial factor influencing the processing quality of potato tubers and remains one of the principal concerns of potato processing industry. Developing CIS-resistant genotypes is the most effective method to cope with this stress. In this study, the genetic diversity of 11 Indian potato varieties with different reactions to CIS was assessed using 10 SSR primers. The primers detected a total of 42 alleles arranged in 44 different configurations, among which 37 alleles (88%) were polymorphic. The polymorphic information content (PIC) value of the SSR locus ranged from 0.473 to 0.787 thus indicating a high utility of these markers for study of genetic diversity in potato. A number of polymorphic fragments appeared to be specific to a given sugar-forming group. Primer Sti007 generated one fragment Sti007131bp present only in all the high sugar-forming varieties. The dendrogram derived from Dice’s similarity coefficients among the 11 varieties could partially but efficiently differentiate close parents and sugar-forming groups among the varieties. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of SSR markers to assess the genetic variation among potato cultivars in order to develop molecular markers associated with CIS to improve potato breeding programs.
Abstract: Cold-induced sweetening developed during storage of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) at low temperature is a crucial factor influencing the processing quality of potato tubers and remains one of the principal concerns of potato processing industry. Developing CIS-resistant genotypes is the most effective method to cope with this stress. In this stud...
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Application of AMMI and Tai’s Stability Statistics for Yield Stability Analysis in Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) Cultivars Grown in Central Highlands of Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, August 2015
Pages:
197-206
Received:
25 June 2015
Accepted:
7 July 2015
Published:
17 July 2015
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20150304.15
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Abstract: Seventeen faba bean cultivars released over three decades including four promising genotypes in the pipeline were evaluated at five locations in 2007 and two locations in 2009 main cropping seasons in central highlands of Ethiopia. The objective of the study was to determine the magnitude and pattern of G × E interaction and yield stability. The study was conducted using a randomized complete block design with four replications. G × E interaction and yield stability were estimated using AMMI and Tai’s stability methods. Pooled analysis of variance for grain yield showed significant differences at (p ≤ 0.001) among the main effects of genotypes and environments and at (p ≤ 0.01) for G × E interaction effects. This indicated that either the genotypes differentially responded to the changes in the test environments or the test environments differentially discriminated the genotypes or both. Environment main effect accounted for 73.6% of the total yield variation; whereas, genotype and G × E interaction effects accounted for 5.0% and 8.5%, respectively, indicating the necessity for the need of spatial and temporal replication of variety trial. The first two multiplicative component terms sum of squares of the AMMI explained 66.6% of the interaction effect. No single cultivar showed superior performance across all environments but cultivars TUMSA and DOSHA, followed by CS20DK were top ranked at 71.4% and 57.1% of the environments, respectively and found the most stable across environments. Based on Tai’s stability analysis, eight of the tested cultivars exhibited average stability; whereas, none of them was able to demonstrate a static performance stability. Generally, the application of AMMI and Tai’s methods were facilitated the visual comparison and identification of superior cultivars, thereby supporting decisions on faba bean cultivar recommendation for different environments.
Abstract: Seventeen faba bean cultivars released over three decades including four promising genotypes in the pipeline were evaluated at five locations in 2007 and two locations in 2009 main cropping seasons in central highlands of Ethiopia. The objective of the study was to determine the magnitude and pattern of G × E interaction and yield stability. The st...
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Potato Tuber Moth, Phthorimaea Operculella (Zeller) Management using Entomopathogenic Fungi on Seed Potato Tuber in West Showa, Ethiopia
Tekalign Zeleke,
Bayeh Mulatu,
Mulugeta Negeri
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, August 2015
Pages:
207-211
Received:
23 June 2015
Accepted:
6 July 2015
Published:
17 July 2015
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20150304.16
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Abstract: Potato Tuber Moth, Phthorimaea operculella is the major insect pest and causes damage both under field and seed storage of Potato, Solanum tuberosum in Ethiopia. For this major threat of productions the experiments were carried out in a simple CRD under laboratory and RCBD design under field condition having three replications to evaluate the Entomopathogenic fungi of B. bassiana (PPRC-56 isolate), M. anisopliae (MM isolate) and V. lecani each at 1x104, 1x105, 1x106, 1x107, 1x108spore/ml (in laboratory) and1x106, 1x107, 1x108spore/ml (in field) for the management of Potato Tuber Moth (PTM). Laboratory investigation of M. anisopliae isolate significantly reduced the damage caused by PTM followed by B. bassiana isolate than the fungal type of V. lecani. The fungal species B. bassiana significantly reduced the infestation of PTM larvae both on the leaves and tubers followed by the M. anisopliae than the V. lecani. In general as the concentration levels of fungus increased, the number of larvae and the damage they caused on leaves were significantly decreased. From the presented studies for the effective management of PTM in potato using B. bassiana and M. anisopliae could be considered and using the higher fungal concentration also advantageous.
Abstract: Potato Tuber Moth, Phthorimaea operculella is the major insect pest and causes damage both under field and seed storage of Potato, Solanum tuberosum in Ethiopia. For this major threat of productions the experiments were carried out in a simple CRD under laboratory and RCBD design under field condition having three replications to evaluate the Entom...
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Evaluation of Maize Variety for Ear Rot (Fusarium graminearum) in South Omo Zone of Ethiopia
Misgana Mitiku,
Yesuf Eshete,
Awoke Tadesse
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, August 2015
Pages:
212-215
Received:
18 May 2015
Accepted:
22 May 2015
Published:
28 July 2015
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20150304.17
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Abstract: Maize is a staple food crop which plays a great role in food security in Ethiopia. It is affected by many diseases which reduces yield. Mycotoxin contamination of maize grain (Zea Mays L.) is a global threat to safety both for human food and animal feed. Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungi, which may be toxic or have other debilitating effects on living organisms. The major control methods are use of relative resistant or tolerant varieties mean that varieties with tight husk coverage, harvest on the time, proper storage and good crop management. An experiment conducted on experimental field of Jinka Agricultural Research Center to evaluate 12 improved maize varieties and one local check using Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The objective of the study was to select maize variety /varieties resistant/tolerant to ear rot. The variety BH660 and BH540 was highly resistant compare to the other tested varieties with the incidence of 19.00% and 14.66% and a grain yield of 3.70kg/plot and 3.79kg/plot respectively. The varieties BH543, Melkassa7 and BH661 were susceptible with the incidence of 64.00%, 50.13%, and 64.33% and their grain yields were of 3.37kg/plot,2.62kg/plot and 3.62kg/plot respectively. On the other hand BHQPY545 and local check were susceptible to ear rot but their yields were 4.05kg/plot and 3.84kg/plot respectively. This indicates that the local check and BHQPY545 were able to tolerate high disease pressure. Therefore, the variety BHQPY545 is recommended for mid land maize production areas of South Omo zone.
Abstract: Maize is a staple food crop which plays a great role in food security in Ethiopia. It is affected by many diseases which reduces yield. Mycotoxin contamination of maize grain (Zea Mays L.) is a global threat to safety both for human food and animal feed. Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungi, which may be toxic or have other debili...
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Morpho-physiological Performance of Selected Somaclones (SC) Which were Produced in Vitro Salinity Stress in the Field for Two Sequential Years
Mst. Kohinoor Begum,
Md. Shariful Islam,
Md. Obaidul Islam
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, August 2015
Pages:
216-224
Received:
28 June 2015
Accepted:
9 July 2015
Published:
28 July 2015
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20150304.18
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Abstract: The experiments were carried out at the farm of Bangladesh Sugarcane Research Institute Ishurdi, Pabna, Bangladesh during 2009-2010 and 2010-2011 cropping seasons for the production of somaclones in vitro to select salinity tolerant lines of sugarcane. Sugarcane varieties Isd 28, Isd 35, Isd 36, Isd 37 and Isd 38 were used for selection of salinity tolerant lines. Different levels of salt were used with MS medium for in vitro plantlet regeneration. The in vitro selected somaclones were evaluated in the field for two sequential years. Somaclones SC4, SC7, SC8 of Isd 28, SC1, SC7, SC9 of Isd 35, SC4, SC6 of Isd 36, SC3, SC9 ,SC10 of Isd 37 and SC3, SC7, SC8 of Isd 38 performed better in morpho-physiological performance at field condition in two sequential years. So those lines should be considered as salinity tolerant lines for further study.
Abstract: The experiments were carried out at the farm of Bangladesh Sugarcane Research Institute Ishurdi, Pabna, Bangladesh during 2009-2010 and 2010-2011 cropping seasons for the production of somaclones in vitro to select salinity tolerant lines of sugarcane. Sugarcane varieties Isd 28, Isd 35, Isd 36, Isd 37 and Isd 38 were used for selection of salinity...
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Optimization of Seed Potato Specific Density, Starch and Dry Matter Contents and Tuberization Capacity of Resultant Plants Through Integrated Irrigation, Nitrogen and Phosphorus Management
Gathungu Geofrey Kingori,
Aguyoh Joseph Nyamori,
Isutsa Dorcas Khasungu
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, August 2015
Pages:
225-233
Received:
15 July 2015
Accepted:
23 July 2015
Published:
1 August 2015
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20150304.19
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Abstract: A study was conducted in a Rainshelter (RTrial) at the Horticultural Research and Teaching Farm of Egerton University to determine the effect of integrated application of irrigation water, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) on seed potato physiological quality and performance of plants resulting from them. The treatments arranged in a split-split plot in a completely randomized block design, consisted of three irrigation water rates (40%, 65% and 100% field capacity), four N rates (0, 75, 112.5 and 150 kg N/ha) supplied as urea (46% N), and four P rates (0, 50.6, 75.9, 101.2 kg P/ha) supplied as triple superphosphate with experiment replicated three times and repeated once. After harvest seed specific density, starch and dry matter contents were determined after which 15 seed tubers per treatment were stored for 90 days under diffuse-light sprouting conditions for postharvest (PTrial) evaluation. Later, three potato tubers were selected per treatment and planted to study growth vigour and tuberization capacity of resultant potato plants both in PTrials I and II. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance and significantly different means were separated using Tukey’s Studentized Range Test at P=0.05. Specific density, starch and dry matter contents increased from 40% to 65% irrigation water. Application of irrigation water beyond 65% reduced the specific density, starch and dry matter contents by 0.03, 2.6%, 3.7% and 0.04, 3.7%, 5.2% in RTrials I and II, respectively. The 100% compared to 65% irrigation rate reduced post-treatment evaluation stem number, density and height at 57 DAP by 1.3 and 1.1, 15.1 and 12.6, and 13.4 cm and 10.3 cm, and tuberization capacity in resultant plants by 5 and 8.7 tubers, in PTrials I and II, respectively. Application of N and P significantly increased seed potato specific density, starch and dry matter contents but application of N and P beyond 112.5 kg N/ha and 75.9 kg P/ha respectively reduced the same both in RTrials I and II, respectively. In postharvest evaluation integration of N at 0 to 112.5 kg N/ha with 65% irrigation rate increased the number of tubers produced by the resultant plants by 3.4 and 5.4, while high P rate at 75.9 kg P/ha increased tuberization by 8.4 and 10.7, in RTrials I and II, respectively. Integration of 65% irrigation rate, 112.5 kg N/ha and 75.9 kg P/ha rates optimized potato growth, and vigour of resulting potato plants.
Abstract: A study was conducted in a Rainshelter (RTrial) at the Horticultural Research and Teaching Farm of Egerton University to determine the effect of integrated application of irrigation water, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) on seed potato physiological quality and performance of plants resulting from them. The treatments arranged in a split-split plot...
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Pharmacology and Therapeutic Application of Prosopis juliflora: A Review
Khandelwal Preeti,
Sharma Ram Avatar,
Agarwal Mala
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, August 2015
Pages:
234-240
Received:
22 June 2015
Accepted:
9 July 2015
Published:
12 August 2015
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20150304.20
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Abstract: Prosopis juliflora is locally known as vilayati babul one of the most common tree of the Indian desert belonging to family Mimosacea. It has been reported that the plant contains anti bacterial, antifungal, anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial activity. It’s a wonderful tree for fuel, charcoal, firewood, and Timber. It serves as one of the main sources of fuel for the rural people due to its excellent burning qualities. The extract of leaves shows very high antimicrobial activity. Prosopis juliflora is a deep rooted, sand dune stabilizers, multipurpose tree endemic to the hot deserts of India. Despite of number of uses it is known as serious invasive weed in most of the parts of world
Abstract: Prosopis juliflora is locally known as vilayati babul one of the most common tree of the Indian desert belonging to family Mimosacea. It has been reported that the plant contains anti bacterial, antifungal, anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial activity. It’s a wonderful tree for fuel, charcoal, firewood, and Timber. It serves as one of the main s...
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Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Gymnolaena oaxacana (Greenm.) Rydb. (Asteraceae) Essential Oil
Candelaria Sebastian,
Serrano Rocio,
Avila Marisol,
Meraz Samuel,
Orozco Julieta,
Peña Celia Jimena,
García-Bores Ana Maria,
Avila Jose Guillermo,
Peñalosa Ignacio,
Hernandez Tzasna
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, August 2015
Pages:
241-247
Received:
22 July 2015
Accepted:
31 July 2015
Published:
13 August 2015
DOI:
10.11648/j.jps.20150304.21
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Abstract: Gymnolaena oaxacana is an endemic species from Puebla and Oaxaca states (Mexico). This plant is used to treat gastrointestinal diseases; however its medicinal properties have not been investigated. In this study, chemical composition and the antimicrobial effect of G. oaxacana essential oil was determined. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-MS. 84.6% of its constituents were monoterpenes: γ-terpinene, -Ocimene and β-pinene were the most abundant. The oil showed broad-spectrum antimicrobial effect by inhibiting population growth of nineteen bacterial strains, seven strains of yeasts and four strains of filamentous fungi. The most sensitive strains were: Vibrio cholerae INDRE 206, V. cholerae No. 01 (MIC=0.13 mg/mL) and Trichophyton mentagrophytes (FC50=1.03 mg/mL). This is the first report of the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil and validated the ethno botanical use of G. oaxacana by the people for the treatment of gastrointestinal infections
Abstract: Gymnolaena oaxacana is an endemic species from Puebla and Oaxaca states (Mexico). This plant is used to treat gastrointestinal diseases; however its medicinal properties have not been investigated. In this study, chemical composition and the antimicrobial effect of G. oaxacana essential oil was determined. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodis...
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