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Analysis of the Course of Birth and the Early Postpartal Period in Pigs After Hormonal Partus Induction with Special Consideration of Complication Rate
Wolfgang Zaremba,
Thomas Udluft,
Klaus Failing,
Hartwig Bostedt
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 2, March 2019
Pages:
29-39
Received:
12 March 2019
Accepted:
22 April 2019
Published:
11 May 2019
Abstract: The aim of this field study was to analyse the course of parturition in sows, differentiated by eutocia and dystocia, after previous partus synchronisation. The study included 1,975 sows of a closed herd divided into 5 groups: Sows having farrowed until or on day 114 post conception served as controls (A; n = 710). Sows in which parturition did not commence until or during day 114 were treated with a PGF2a-analogue (cloprostenol 175 mg IM). Sows which started to farrow within 24 hours post injection were assigned to group B (n = 719). Sows which did not start giving birth within 24 hrs post injection were treated with IM injection of either oxytocin (20 I. E.; group C; n = 180) or carbetocin in two different dosages (70 mg: group D, n = 175; or 35 mg: group E, n = 191). Sows were monitored continuously during the trial period. According to the results of analysis, time until beginning of the expulsion stage (II) was significantly shortened after partial partus induction in sows with eutocia in groups C, D, and E compared to group B (P £ 0.001). A statistically significant prolongation (P < 0,0001) was observed in sows with dystocia. The dystocia rates were: control group (A) 11.5%, group B 19.5%, group C 18.3%, group D 11.4%, and group E 13.6%. After partus induction, percentage of stillborn piglets (eutocia) showed an overall significant decrease (P < 0.002 – 0.05) in correlation to reduction of duration of parturition.
Abstract: The aim of this field study was to analyse the course of parturition in sows, differentiated by eutocia and dystocia, after previous partus synchronisation. The study included 1,975 sows of a closed herd divided into 5 groups: Sows having farrowed until or on day 114 post conception served as controls (A; n = 710). Sows in which parturition did not...
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Application of Clostridium Botulinum Toxin Type D to Control Plateau Zokors in Qinghai–Tibet Plateau Pastoral Areas
Shengqing Li,
Xiyun Zhang,
Huaixi Liu,
Tongzuo Zhang,
Guoyuan Hu,
Zhining Li,
Tingting Wang,
Rong Huang,
Yanming Zhang
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 2, March 2019
Pages:
40-45
Received:
31 December 2018
Accepted:
1 February 2019
Published:
17 May 2019
Abstract: The feasibility of Clostridium botulinum toxin type D as a novel biological rodenticide to control plateau zokors was explored. In this study, Horn’s method was used to determine the gavage LD50 of C. botulinum toxin type D to plateau zokors. Modified Karber metho was employed to determine the oral LD50 of granular and wheat baits. Results showed that the gavage LD50 was 5840 MLD/kg (the reliable line is 3430–9950 MLD/kg) and the oral LD50 values of granular and wheat baits were 0.8339 and 1.319 g/kg, respectively, which indicated that plateau zokors are sensitive to this toxin. The palatability of wheat and homemade granular baits to plateau zokors was measured. Selective feeding coefficients were 1.33 and 1.10, whereas nonselective feeding coefficients were 0.81 and 0.60, respectively. A plot experiment of different toxin concentrations to kill zokors showed that homemade granular bait (10000 MLD/g) had the best effect. The average efficiency rate was 89.83%. This study showed the feasibility of controlling plateau zokors by using botulinum toxin type D.
Abstract: The feasibility of Clostridium botulinum toxin type D as a novel biological rodenticide to control plateau zokors was explored. In this study, Horn’s method was used to determine the gavage LD50 of C. botulinum toxin type D to plateau zokors. Modified Karber metho was employed to determine the oral LD50 of granular and wheat baits. Results showed t...
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Response of Yaffa Breeder Cocks to Dietary Fumonisin B1: Volumetric Proportions of Spermatogenic Elements, Tubular Diameter and Pubertal Age
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 2, March 2019
Pages:
46-51
Received:
5 April 2019
Accepted:
22 April 2019
Published:
23 May 2019
Abstract: Sixty pre-pubertal Yaffa breeder cocks of about 16 weeks old were used to evaluate the reproductive effect of fumonisin B1(FB1), a toxic secondary metabolite of Fusarium verticillioides on pubertal age, tubular diameter and volumetric proportions of spermatogenic elements. The cocks were randomly allotted to diets containing 0.2(control), 5.2, 10.2 and 15.2ppmFB1 in a 16-weeks feeding trial. At week 22, semen collection was conducted at 48hours interval until the ages at puberty of the cocks were established. At the end of the experiment, half of the right testis of each cock was removed and processed histologically for evaluation of diameter of seminiferous tubules and volumetric proportions of testicular elements. Results showed that cocks that were fed diets containing 0.2, 5.2 and 10.2ppmFB1 attained puberty two and half (21/2) weeks earlier than cocks that were fed 15.2ppmFB1. Tubular diameter (130.78µm) of cocks that were fed 0.2ppmFB1 was significantly (P <0.05) superior to the diameter of 107.38, 104.05 and 103.10µm obtained from cocks that were fed 5.2, 10.2 and 15.2ppmFB1 respectively. Spermatogonia A and B of cocks that were fed 0.2 and 5.2ppm FB1 were significantly higher than those of cocks fed 10.2 and 15.2ppmFB1. Round spermatids, sertoli cells and lumen of cocks fed 15.2ppmFB1 were significantly impaired. The proportions of basement membrane and cytoplasm in the testes of cocks fed 15.2ppmFB1 were significantly higher suggesting an impairment of spermatogenic element in the cocks. This study revealed that exposure of cocks to be used for breeding purpose to dietary FB1 higher than 10.2ppm will impede the reproductive efficiency of the cocks.
Abstract: Sixty pre-pubertal Yaffa breeder cocks of about 16 weeks old were used to evaluate the reproductive effect of fumonisin B1(FB1), a toxic secondary metabolite of Fusarium verticillioides on pubertal age, tubular diameter and volumetric proportions of spermatogenic elements. The cocks were randomly allotted to diets containing 0.2(control), 5.2, 10.2...
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Goats Fattening Under an Agrosilvopastoril Production System in Oaxaca
Ernesto de Jesús Viruel-Morales,
María Isabel Pérez-León,
José Cristóbal Leyva-López,
Gerardo Rodríguez-Ortiz,
Jorge Hernández-Bautista,
Ernesto Castañeda-Hidalgo
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 2, March 2019
Pages:
52-58
Received:
15 February 2019
Accepted:
3 April 2019
Published:
12 June 2019
Abstract: The agroforestry systems consider the integrated management of all production within the production unit processes and conservation practices related to the use of natural resources. From this point of view, it should be approached as a system composed by subsystems and the interactions that occur among them, in order to provide a sustainable, social, economic and ecological alternative to the traditional extensive ranching. The project objective was to evaluate the fattening of goats under an agrosilvopastoril production system established in the 2013 summer-autumn cycle, at the Technological Institute of Oaxaca Valley (ITVO). Completely randomized design with factorial arrangement evaluating three factors (age, sex and supplement) and two levels were used. 16 goats feeding with nutritional ITVO block, native grasses and guaje (Leucaena esculenta) were used. The variance analysis was made by the statistical package SAS (Statistical Analysis System) version 9.4. For the comparison of measures with Tukey test (α = 0.05) and a proximal analysis by Van Soest to obtain the quality of the forages. Weight gain related to sex was differential, males and females presented a value of 63.5±18.2 and 54.25±17.3 g day/animal not significant (p>0.05), respectively. Creole goats grazing and supplemented with a nutritional block had a weight gain of 70.5±20.3 g day/animal without supplement 47.29±18.9 g day/animal not significant (p>0.05). The greater weight gained in nutritional supplement found with block showed that the use of the same influences fattening goats.
Abstract: The agroforestry systems consider the integrated management of all production within the production unit processes and conservation practices related to the use of natural resources. From this point of view, it should be approached as a system composed by subsystems and the interactions that occur among them, in order to provide a sustainable, soci...
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Evaluation of Viral Migration of Different Variants of Equid Alphaherpesvirus 1 in the Central Nervous System of Hamsters by Immunohistochemistry
Aline Aparecida da Silva,
Elenice Maria Sequetin Cunha,
Maria do Carmo Custódio de Souza Hunold Lara,
Eliana Monteforte Cassaro Villalobos,
Alessandra Figueiredo de Castro Nassar,
Enio Mori,
Carolina Natalia Zanuzzi,
Cecília Mónica Galosi,
Claudia Del Fava
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 2, March 2019
Pages:
59-68
Received:
12 March 2019
Accepted:
12 April 2019
Published:
13 June 2019
Abstract: The intranasal inoculation of equid alphaherpesvirus1 (EHV-1) Brazilian variants A4/72, A9/92, A3/97, Iso72/10 and the Argentine variant AR4 in a Syrian hamster model Mesocricetus auratus induced severe encephalitis. Clinical signs included weight loss, lethargy, somnolence, anorexia, and intense salivation two days post-inoculation (dpi), followed by neurological signs such as loss of proprioception, walking in circles, spastic paralysis, seizures, recumbency and death at 3rd dpi (A9/92 and A4/72 variants) and 4th dpi. Respiratory signs such as dyspnea and serosanguinous nasal discharge were also observed. Histopathological changes in brain included mixed inflammatory infiltrate with predominance of mononuclear cells, neuronal degeneration, liquefactive necrosis, hemorrhagic foci, leptomeningitis, perivascular edema, mononuclear infiltration, and perivascular cuffing. Immunohistochemical examination showed viral replication in neurons restrict predominantly to olfactory bulb and frontal cortex (variants AR4 and A3/97) and in groups of cells from distant regions, such as the caudal diencephalon and rostral mesencephalon (variants Iso72/10) and absence of viral antigen labeling of variants A9/92 and A4/72 despite these variants were the most neurovirulent, so new experiments not staggered in days but in hours post inoculation are needed to better understand the viral migration of these variants.
Abstract: The intranasal inoculation of equid alphaherpesvirus1 (EHV-1) Brazilian variants A4/72, A9/92, A3/97, Iso72/10 and the Argentine variant AR4 in a Syrian hamster model Mesocricetus auratus induced severe encephalitis. Clinical signs included weight loss, lethargy, somnolence, anorexia, and intense salivation two days post-inoculation (dpi), followed...
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