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Demonstration of Dual-Purpose Chicken “Potchefstroom Koekoek” and Technology Packages in East Gojjam Zone
Mezgebu Getnet,
Anduamlak Assaye,
Bainsagn Worku,
Yalew Mazengia,
Misba Alewi
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, January 2023
Pages:
1-5
Received:
1 December 2022
Accepted:
17 January 2023
Published:
31 January 2023
Abstract: Dual-purpose poultry package demonstration was undertaken at East Gojjam Zone, Aneded and Gozamin districts, Gudalima and Wonga Nifasam kebeles (PAs) from Aneded and Wonka and Adisna Gulit kebeles (PAs) from Gozamin. The objective was demonstrating Koekoek chicken breed and technology packages under farmers’ management condition. The districts, kebeles, and participant farmers were selected purposively based on interest. Training was given on poultry house and housing, health care, feeds and feeding and data recording. Demonstration was conducted by providing 55 a day-old chicks to each farmer with 25 days chick starter feed. Chickens were vaccinated from day old against Marek’s, Gomboro and Newcastle diseases based on the schedule of national veterinary institute and national poultry research program. The average chick mortality to 8th week was 5.43%. Chicken were reached first egg laying in 126 days which ranges from 126 to 291 days age. The average weight of male chicken at 8, 20 and 52 weeks old was 0.61 kg, 1.39kg and 2.59kg, respectively. Whereas average body weight of female chicken at 8, 20 and 52 weeks old was found 0.53kg, 1.26kg and 2.01kg, respectively. The MRR of keeping Koekoek chicken was 511.41% in the study area. Based on the current study production of Koekoek chicken can play an important role in reduction of malnutrition and improve households’ income and livelihoods.
Abstract: Dual-purpose poultry package demonstration was undertaken at East Gojjam Zone, Aneded and Gozamin districts, Gudalima and Wonga Nifasam kebeles (PAs) from Aneded and Wonka and Adisna Gulit kebeles (PAs) from Gozamin. The objective was demonstrating Koekoek chicken breed and technology packages under farmers’ management condition. The districts, keb...
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BOLA Gene Polymorphism and Determination of Disease Severity and Susceptibility: Review
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, January 2023
Pages:
6-10
Received:
14 November 2022
Accepted:
4 January 2023
Published:
6 February 2023
Abstract: Major histocompatibility complex is the gene complex that exists in all vertebrae like humans (HLA), dogs (DLA), bovine (BLA), ovine (OLA), swine (SLA), and equine (ELA). MHC possesses three regions (I, II, III) that control major specific immune responses and contain variety of genes which influence growth, development, reproduction, odor, and olfaction. Measuring levels of polymorphism of these genes can provide indirect measures of the immunological fitness of populations. As humans and mice, cattle have three MHC gene classes (class I, II, and III). Both BoLA class I and II play a role in antigen presentation, however the function of BoLA class III has been releated with components of the complement system. BoLA class II region is extra separated into class IIa and class IIb. In this gene, the genetic polymorphism of class II α and β genes occurs predominantly in exon 2 encoding the antigen binding site. The BoLa-A locus has 32 serologically defined alleles and minimum four further putative alleles in addition to a high frequency of null alleles. With association allele hold DRB3.2*8 (DRB3*1201) and DRB3.2*16 (DRB3*1501) genes are associated with mastitis susceptibility, and DRB3.2*22 (DRB3*1101), DRB3.2*23 (DRB3*2703) and DRB3.2*24 (DRB3*0101) with mastitis resistance. The A8 specificity and the EIAY sequence are significant markers of resistance, while the serine residue is a marker of susceptibility to dermatophlosis. According to the report 2004, BoLA-DRB3 alleles with the amino acid residues Glu, Arg, and valine (Val) at positions 74, 77, and 78, respectively, give resistance to tumor development by BLV infection. On the other hand, HaeIII CC and HaeIII BC genotypes were actually associated with resistance to FMD in contrast, the HaeIII AA genotype was associated with susceptibility to FMD. Another report on infected Egyptian buffaloes with serotype O FMDV genotype AA for FMD resistance while genotype AC for susceptibility to FMD.
Abstract: Major histocompatibility complex is the gene complex that exists in all vertebrae like humans (HLA), dogs (DLA), bovine (BLA), ovine (OLA), swine (SLA), and equine (ELA). MHC possesses three regions (I, II, III) that control major specific immune responses and contain variety of genes which influence growth, development, reproduction, odor, and olf...
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Utilization of Ensiled Taro Mixed With Rice Wine by Product or Fish Meal Fed Basal Diet of Rice Bran on Reproduction and Piglet Performance in Sows in Cambodia
Chiv Phiny,
Kong Saroeun,
Ros Vanchey,
Tum Saravuth,
Sin Putheasath
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, January 2023
Pages:
11-19
Received:
3 January 2023
Accepted:
25 January 2023
Published:
14 February 2023
Abstract: In Cambodia, pig raising plays an important role as it provides meat and also increasing family income. Currently, researchers are trying to find the feeds that focus on using locally available natural resources as animal feeds can be used to reduce the cost of expensive feed on market such as soybean or fish meal. Based on that one experiment was designed and conducted at the campus of Svay Rieng University from 01st April to 15th September 2022, sited in NR 1, Sangkat Chek, Svay Rieng City, Svay Rieng Province. The aim of this experiment was to compare the feed intake of sows, the piglet performance in lactation, and the reproductive traits after weaning. Twelve sows were assigned according to Completely Randomized Design (CRD) within 3 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments of experiment were RW0, RWB20, and FM10. The results of the experiment were found that the total of feed intake in dry matter (DM) during pregnancy and lactation, were higher significantly different for the treatment of RWB20 (P < 0.01). There were no effects of all treatments on parameters in total litter size, mortality and total litter size live born of piglet performance at birth, except for total litter weight and mean live weight which was higher significantly different for RWB20 (P < 0.01). Non-significant different among the treatments on parameters in total litter size, mortality and mean piglet live weight at 21 days, except for total litter weight and litter weight change for RWB20 (P<0.01). There were higher significantly different for treatment of RWB20 in total litter size, total litter weight, litter weight change and mean piglet live weight at 45 days (P < 0.01). And there were no effects among the treatments on parameters in weaning to estrus, cycle of reproduction and number of litters per year in reproduction traits. However, length of pregnancy was higher significantly different for RWB20 (P < 0.01). It is concluded that a mixture of ensiled taro (10%) and rice wine by product (20%) were higher increased on feed intake of sows in pregnancy and lactation stages, higher increased on total litter size, total litter weight, litter weight change and mean piglet live weight in lactation period, and better effects on reproductive traits in weaning to estrus, cycle reproduction and number of litters per year. Using protein from a mixture of the ensiled taro and rice wine by product could successfully reduce the cost of pig feeds.
Abstract: In Cambodia, pig raising plays an important role as it provides meat and also increasing family income. Currently, researchers are trying to find the feeds that focus on using locally available natural resources as animal feeds can be used to reduce the cost of expensive feed on market such as soybean or fish meal. Based on that one experiment was ...
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Mycotoxin Adsorbent Improves the Performance and Health of Broilers Challenged Simultaneously with Aflatoxins and Fumonisins
Verônica Lisboa Santos*,
Juliana Bueno da Silva,
Franciane Cristina de Figueiredo,
Carlos Paulo Henrique Ronchi
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, January 2023
Pages:
20-26
Received:
12 December 2022
Accepted:
10 January 2023
Published:
24 February 2023
DOI:
10.11648/j.avs.20231101.14
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: In poultry production, aflatoxins and fumonisins stand out as being two of the main mycotoxins that compromise the performance and health of animals, with serious damage to the producer. It should be noted that, in most cases, the losses are potentiated because the rations are contaminated, simultaneously, by two or more mycotoxins, giving rise to additive or synergistic effects, which means that the general toxicity is not just the sum, but the multiple the individual toxicities of mycotoxins, increasing the damage. We have utilized 540 broilers, distributed in a completely randomized design with three treatments and six replications. A broad-spectrum mycotoxin adsorbent (YES – FIX HP®) was tested, added at 2.5kg/ton in diets contaminated with 1.0ppm aflatoxin + 50.0ppm fumonisin. Evaluating a control diet without contamination (T1), a contaminated diet without adsorbent (T2), and a contaminated diet + adsorbent (2.5kg/ton). The following parameters were evaluated: feed intake, body weight, daily weight gain, feed conversion, and productive efficiency index. On the last day of the experimental period, the birds were slaughtered for the evaluation of the following parameters: relative liver weight, jejunal histomorphometry, intestinal absorption area, and histopathology of the Fabricius bursa and liver. The birds in the treatment challenged with the inclusion of the adsorbent had greater live weight and daily weight gain, a greater relationship between villus height and crypt depth, greater intestinal absorption area, and less frequent and more frequent histopathological lesions in the liver and bursa of Fabricius, light compared to the contaminated treatment without the adsorbent. Given the observed data, it is concluded that the tested adsorbent was able to mitigate the deleterious effects caused by mycotoxins in relation to the productive performance, in addition to exerting a positive action on the health status of the animals.
Abstract: In poultry production, aflatoxins and fumonisins stand out as being two of the main mycotoxins that compromise the performance and health of animals, with serious damage to the producer. It should be noted that, in most cases, the losses are potentiated because the rations are contaminated, simultaneously, by two or more mycotoxins, giving rise to ...
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Application of Atropine Injection in the Treatment of Ruminant Diseases
Haosheng Huang,
Qiong Yang,
Cuili Liu,
Canshan Huang,
Lini Yang,
Yuanxing Lei,
Guochun Tang
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, January 2023
Pages:
27-29
Received:
10 February 2023
Accepted:
27 February 2023
Published:
21 March 2023
Abstract: Atropine is one of the commonly used drugs for clinical treatment of livestock and poultry, as well as one of the commonly used drugs for animal emergency treatment. Its main components are d-hyoscyamine and L-hyoscyamine. Atropine is a toxic colorless, odorless or white crystalline alkaloid extracted from belladonna and other solanaceous plants. It is neutral or weakly acidic when dissolved in water. Atropine is mainly an m-receptor blocker, belonging to anticholinergic drugs. It can compete with acetylcholine for M-choline receptor, thus blocking the M-like effect of acetylcholine. Atropine has a very high selectivity in blocking M receptor, and large doses can also block ganglion N1 receptor. It mainly acts on smooth muscle, relieves small vessel spasm, improves microcirculation, inhibits gland secretion, relieves vagus nerve inhibition on heart, accelerates heart beat, dilates pupils, increases intraocular pressure, excites respiratory center, and relieves respiratory inhibition. It is applied to cases of ruminant diseases such as diarrhea in calves and lambs, toxic diseases in organic phosphorus, abdominal pain caused by parasitic diseases, gastrointestinal volvulus, administration before anesthesia, improvement of microcirculation, eye diseases, etc. through oral, subcutaneous, intramuscular and intravenous injection. However, the amount of treatment has no significant effect on blood vessels and blood pressure. A large dose of treatment can cause skin blood vessels to expand. A large dose of treatment can relieve small vessel spasm when microcirculation is impaired, and expand peripheral blood vessels to improve microcirculation.
Abstract: Atropine is one of the commonly used drugs for clinical treatment of livestock and poultry, as well as one of the commonly used drugs for animal emergency treatment. Its main components are d-hyoscyamine and L-hyoscyamine. Atropine is a toxic colorless, odorless or white crystalline alkaloid extracted from belladonna and other solanaceous plants. I...
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