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Removal Cyanobacteria by Diatomite Filter from Raw Freshwater and Potential Use in Watering Domestic Animals
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 3, May 2015
Pages:
80-83
Received:
3 April 2015
Accepted:
21 April 2015
Published:
30 April 2015
Abstract: Growing harmful cyanobacteria in freshwater cause several poisoning episodes of livestock, wild and domestic animal. Conventional surface drinking water treatment utilizes coagulation; flocculation, sedimentation, filtration and disinfection are inadequate and require great financial means or application in watering domestic animals. The filtration of raw freshwater by diatomite is very simple without use of chemical products. Samples of locally diatomite were dried ant calcined and tested to verify their efficiency to removal cyanobacteria cells from raw freshwater. The results obtained shows that filtration by calcined diatomite improve high efficiency to removal cyanobacteria and decrease the level of microcystin in the filtrate solutions.
Abstract: Growing harmful cyanobacteria in freshwater cause several poisoning episodes of livestock, wild and domestic animal. Conventional surface drinking water treatment utilizes coagulation; flocculation, sedimentation, filtration and disinfection are inadequate and require great financial means or application in watering domestic animals. The filtration...
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Gross and Histo-Pathological Changes in Japanese Quail (Coturnix Coturnix Japonica) Experimentally Infected with Salmonella Enterica Serovar Gallinarum
Barde Israel Joshua,
Bale James Olaniyi Olabode,
Oladele Sunday Blessing,
Fatihu Mohammed Yakassai,
Kumbish Peterside Rinle,
Chukwu Doris Isioma,
Rimfa Amos Gambo,
Akanbi Babatunde Olatunde,
Moses Gyang Davou,
Ahmed James Saidu,
Okewole Philip Ademola
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 3, May 2015
Pages:
84-88
Received:
21 April 2015
Accepted:
27 April 2015
Published:
11 May 2015
Abstract: A total of 160 (108 males and 52 females) Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were used for the experiment. The quails were obtained at the age of four weeks from the Poultry Division of the National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI), Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria. They were randomly selected and assigned into four groups (A, B, C and D) of forty quails each. Groups A, B and C were infected with Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum per os at the dose of 106,, 104 and 102, respectively, while group D served as the control. Mortality rate ranged from 30% to 35%. Grossly, congestion of the liver, lung and ovarian follicle were generally observed in all the infected groups. Also bronzed liver,hepato-splenomegaly, swollen and congested kidney and ascites were observed. Histopathological lesions included; congestion and cellular infiltration of various organs (liver, lung and heart), as well as hepatic vacuolation and hemorrhages. The high mortality rate, gross and histo-pathological findings in this study demonstrate that Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) are highly susceptible to Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum.
Abstract: A total of 160 (108 males and 52 females) Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were used for the experiment. The quails were obtained at the age of four weeks from the Poultry Division of the National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI), Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria. They were randomly selected and assigned into four groups (A, B, C and D) ...
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Distribution and Seroprevalence of PPR Virus in Chad During 2004 - 2014
BIDJEH Kebkiba,
BAN-BO Bebanto Antipas,
MAHAMAT Fayiz Abakar,
ASSANDI Oussiguere,
ASSANE Kembe,
TCHARI Doungous,
KEILAR Aurelie,
TAÏTOUIN Sounkreo
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 3, May 2015
Pages:
89-93
Received:
14 April 2015
Accepted:
5 May 2015
Published:
16 May 2015
Abstract: Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an acute febrile viral disease of goats and sheep characterized by mucopurulent nasal and ocular discharge, erosive and necrotizing stomatitis, enteritis and pneumonia. It is widespread, virulent and devastating causing significant impacts to the economy, food security and livelihoods of poor marginalized farmers. This study focused on clinical observations of 233 suspected cases of PPR and provided detailed information on the prevalence of antibodies against the PPR virus in sera from 986 small ruminants and 31 from camels. Most of specimens for this study were obtained from the slaughterhouse in N'Djamena. Sera for the detection of antibodies against the PPR virus were not necessarily representative of the target population, even if they were from a larger number of regions. According to information provided by the epidemiological surveillance field agents, the foci of the disease were more severe in goats than in sheep and the outbreaks frequency was higher during the Cold dry season (December to June) than during the other months of the year. Analysis of 1017 sera collected in small ruminants and camels revealed that the prevalence of antibodies against the PPR virus was 34.48%. The prevalence of antibodies against the PPR virus varied by species (goats, 15.21%, sheep, 19.25% and camels, 0%), age groups and geographic areas. The rate of infection by the PPR virus was higher in the sheep population (34. 67%) than in goats (27.37%). The study showed seroprevalence higher in sheep than in goats. In contrast, no serum from camels revealed positive vis-à-vis the PPR virus. Another serological survey would need to be undertaken in the population of camels in order to clarify their role in the epidemiology of PPR.
Abstract: Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an acute febrile viral disease of goats and sheep characterized by mucopurulent nasal and ocular discharge, erosive and necrotizing stomatitis, enteritis and pneumonia. It is widespread, virulent and devastating causing significant impacts to the economy, food security and livelihoods of poor marginalized farmers...
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Assessment of Reproductive Performance and Problems in Crossbred (Holstein Friesian X Zebu) Dairy Cattle in and Around Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia
Alemselam Birhanu Mekonnin,
Christopher R. Harlow,
Goitom Gidey,
Desalew Tadesse,
Gidena Desta,
Tadesse Gugssa,
Simon C. Riley
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 3, May 2015
Pages:
94-101
Received:
11 May 2015
Accepted:
20 May 2015
Published:
4 June 2015
Abstract: A cross sectional study was conducted in and around Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia from November 2013 to May 2014 with the aims to assess reproductive performance and prevalence of reproductive problems in crossbred (Holstein Friesian x Zebu) dairy cattle. A questionnaire survey methodology was used. The study sampled 177 randomly selected dairy farms comprising 1013 crossbred dairy cattle (736 cows and 277 heifers). The mean age at first service, age at first calving, first postpartum estrus and calving interval were 24.8 months, 35.3 months, 114.5 days and 401.5 days, respectively. Prevalence rates of reproductive problems recorded in the study area were anestrus (37.8%), repeat-breeding (21.0%), dystocia (11.6%), retained fetal membranes (11.5%), endometritis (6.6%), abortion (6.4%), prolapsed uterus/vagina (2.9%), stillbirth (2.0%) and freemartin (0.2%). Incidence of abortion did not vary with parity and stages of gestation. Breeding and the possible causes of missing insemination/mating while animals were in estrus are problematic. In conclusion, this study has revealed that the reproductive performance of crossbred dairy cattle was not optimal, and anestrus, repeat-breeding, dystocia, retained fetal membranes, endometritis and abortion were the major reproductive problems. More effective breeding and reproductive health management should be considered to improve the fertility of this crossbred cattle herd. Awareness and training should be provided to the farming community to improve the productivity in the region.
Abstract: A cross sectional study was conducted in and around Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia from November 2013 to May 2014 with the aims to assess reproductive performance and prevalence of reproductive problems in crossbred (Holstein Friesian x Zebu) dairy cattle. A questionnaire survey methodology was used. The study sampled 177 randomly selected dairy farms c...
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