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The Effects of Evaporative Cooling on Heat Stressed Dairy Holstein Cows Under a Semi-Arid Environment in Riyadh Area, Saudi Arabia
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 5, September 2018
Pages:
67-73
Received:
7 September 2018
Accepted:
25 September 2018
Published:
24 October 2018
Abstract: Heat stress has been identified as a major cause of lower productive and reproductive performance in animal farming. Methods for protecting livestock from heat stress were investigated during the summer months, where one six Holstein cows kept under shade only (group 1), and another six cows kept under shade with evaporative cooling (group 2). The results show that shade and water sprayers (evaporative cooling) significantly lowered ambient temperature and thus reduced the heat stress experienced by dairy cows in Saudi Arabia. Evaporative cooling plus shade, lowered ambient temperature (41.80 ± 0.74 vs. 47.40 ± 0.84°C), increased relative humidity (0.33 ± 0.01 vs. 0.24 ± 0.01) and decreased the temperature humidity index (80.24 ± 0.60 vs. 84.77 ± 0.68) when compared to shade alone. In addition, cows kept under evaporative cooling (38.4 ± 0.32°C) experienced lower rectal temperatures compared to cows under shade alone (39.53 ± 0.44°C). Cows under evaporative cooling had higher serum concentrations of triidothyronine (2.50 ± 0.90 vs. 0.75 ± 0.20 ng/ml) and thyroxine (11.94 ± 1.60 vs. 7.22 ± 1.88) than cows under shade alone. Thus, evaporative cooling can decrease the heat stress experienced by dairy cows in Saudi Arabia and limit its associated detrimental effects.
Abstract: Heat stress has been identified as a major cause of lower productive and reproductive performance in animal farming. Methods for protecting livestock from heat stress were investigated during the summer months, where one six Holstein cows kept under shade only (group 1), and another six cows kept under shade with evaporative cooling (group 2). The ...
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Effects of a Watermelon Extract Beverage on Canine Lipid Metabolism and Urine Crystals
Sayaka Miyai,
Toshiharu Hashizume,
Toshio Okazaki
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 5, September 2018
Pages:
74-79
Received:
26 September 2018
Accepted:
22 October 2018
Published:
15 November 2018
Abstract: Previous report showed that watermelon consumption has an anti-obesity effects in rats. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects on body weight, body fat percentage, serum biochemical data, serum adipokine concentrations (leptin, adiponectin, and resistin), urine specific gravity and sediments when 12 dogs were given watermelon extract beverage instead of water for 3 months. Those data were all assessed before the study period and again at 1.5 and 3 months. Although there were no remarkable changes in most of these parameters, a significant decrease in serum leptin concentrations at 1.5 and 3 months. Calcium oxalate and struvite crystals were observed in the urinary sediment in five dogs; although their urine specific gravities remained >1.040 throughout, the number of urinary crystals had decreased by the end of the 3-month period. Morphological components were not found in the urinary sediment of the other five dogs; their urine specific gravities were also >1.040 before the study period and at 1.5 months, but these had decreased to <1.040 at 3 months. These results suggested that drinking the watermelon extract beverage reduced serum leptin levels and inhibited the formation of urine crystals such as calcium oxalate and struvite crystals in dogs.
Abstract: Previous report showed that watermelon consumption has an anti-obesity effects in rats. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects on body weight, body fat percentage, serum biochemical data, serum adipokine concentrations (leptin, adiponectin, and resistin), urine specific gravity and sediments when 12 dogs were given watermelon extract b...
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Growth Performance, Gut Microbiota and Haemato-Biochemical Profile of Quails Fed Diet Supplemented with Graded Levels of D. glomerata Fruit Powder
Ebile Dayan Agwah,
Kana Jean Raphaël,
Edie Nounamo Langston Wilfried,
Pimagha Moffo Herman Joël,
Nguefack Djieufo Gildas,
Ngouana Tadjong Ruben,
Mube Kuetchie Hervé,
Fonteh Anyangwe Florence
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 5, September 2018
Pages:
80-87
Received:
19 October 2018
Accepted:
2 November 2018
Published:
28 November 2018
Abstract: As a consequence of the antibiotics growth promoters restriction in livestock farming, there is a growing interest in plant feed additives. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of supplementing D. glomerata fruit powder on growth performance of Japanese quails. A total of 200 two weeks-old Japanese quail were randomly allocated to five experimental treatment groups. Experimental diets consisted of incorporating D. glomerata powder in the control ration (T0) at 2g (T1), 4g (T2) and 6g/kg (T3) of feed. Quails fed with D. glomerata supplemented diets were compared to quails fed on diet without any supplement (T0) and an antibiotic (1g/kg) medicated diet (T0+). Throughout the production period feed intake was not significantly affected by the experimental rations. Weight gain was significantly higher (p<0.05) with 4g/kg and 6g/kg D. glomerata, while feed conversion ratio was significantly lower (p<0.05) when compared to the control groups. Carcass yield of quails fed on antibiotic and 4g/kg D. glomerata were statistically higher (p<0.05) compared to the negative control diet. However, dietary treatments had no significant effect (p> 0.05) on the relative weight of organs when compared to the control diets. WBC, MCV, MCH, and MCHC were not significantly (p>0.05) affected by this spice. RBC significantly increased (p<0.05) with 6g/kg D. glomerata compared to the negative control diet, while Hgb and PCV decreased (p<0.05) compared to the positive control diet for the same treatment. Serum content in triglycerides was significantly higher (p<0.05) with 6g/kg D. glomerata compared to all other treatments. ASAT, ALAT, creatinine, total protein, albumin, urea, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL were not significantly affected by the inclusion of D. glomerata in the ration. Irrespective of the level of incorporation of D. glomerata, lactic acid bacteria count significantly increased as compared to Escherichia coli, Samonella and Staphylococcus spp. In conclusion, D. glomerata can be used up to 4g/kg as substitutes for infeed antibiotics for gut microbiota modulation and better weight gain without any adverse effects on the haemato-biochemical parameters of quail.
Abstract: As a consequence of the antibiotics growth promoters restriction in livestock farming, there is a growing interest in plant feed additives. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of supplementing D. glomerata fruit powder on growth performance of Japanese quails. A total of 200 two weeks-old Japanese quail were randomly allocated to five e...
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Complicated Effect of He-Ne Laser Therapy on Pro-/Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines from Serum in Rats
Wuren Ma,
Yunpeng Fan,
Jinyang Zuo,
Zhao Chen,
Jun Yuan,
Xiaoping Song
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 5, September 2018
Pages:
88-94
Received:
23 October 2018
Accepted:
9 November 2018
Published:
5 December 2018
Abstract: Helium-neon (He-Ne) laser is one of the most common low energy lasers used in physiotherapy for promoting wound healing. This study was about to investigate the effects of He-Ne laser therapy on the pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokines in rats up to 10 days of treatment. 16 non-pregnant female rats were divided into 4 groups randomly, 4 rats in each group. They are negative control (NC) group, positive control (PC) group, laser treatment (LA) group and erythromycin ointment (ER) treatment group. The LA group was treated with 25 mW of He-Ne laser for 30 min every day for 10 days, with 632.8 nm of wavelength immediately after three incisions were made on the mid-dorsal line of each rat. The results showed that He-Ne laser therapy could decrease the level of IL-1β compared with the PC and ER groups; while increase the level of IL-6 compared with the NC and ER groups, and the level of TNF-α compared with the PC and ER group. He-Ne laser therapy also increased the concentration of IL-10 compared with the other three groups, and the concentration of TGF-β compared with the NC and ER groups. These results indicated that laser acupuncture increased the production of IL-6, IL-10, TGF-β and TNF-α after 10 days of treatment, which was the proliferation stage of wound healing process, and the effect of He-Ne laser therapy on pro-inflammatory cytokines was not always consistent, which might be time-dependent of He-Ne laser treatment.
Abstract: Helium-neon (He-Ne) laser is one of the most common low energy lasers used in physiotherapy for promoting wound healing. This study was about to investigate the effects of He-Ne laser therapy on the pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokines in rats up to 10 days of treatment. 16 non-pregnant female rats were divided into 4 groups randomly, 4 rats in each gr...
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