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Prevalence, Intensity and Identification of Gastro Intestinal Nematodes of Urban Goats in Arbaminch, Southern Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 6, November 2021
Pages:
163-167
Received:
9 November 2021
Accepted:
1 December 2021
Published:
10 December 2021
Abstract: The cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2019 to May, 2020 in Arbaminch city with the aim of estimation of the prevalence of GIT nematode infection and assesses the level of infection in goats at Arba Minch town, southern Ethiopia. Totally 384 pellets were taken from goats, and coprological examination by fecal floatation technique and McMaster egg counting was done. From the total examined goats, 226 (58.9%) of them found positive for one or more GIT nematode infection. Based on the morphology of the nematode eggs the following GIT nematodes were identified: Strongyle type (77.876%), Trichuris spp. (7.08%) and Nematodirus spp. (3.982%) whereas 11.1% mixed infestation. Furthermore, the overall mean EPG was 662.2. The mean EPG and proportion of light, moderate and heavy infection level was 294.4 (51.3%), 926.7 (32.3%) and 1293.2 (16.4%), respectively. There was no statistically significant differences in the prevalence of GIT nematode infection among age group and sex (p >0.05), but there was statistical difference in body condition (p <0.05). The prevalence of GIT nematodes infection in goat was significantly greater in poor body condition and medium body condition than good body condition of goats. The result of this study revealed higher prevalence of GIT nematode infection, and presence of various genera in the study area. Hence, more study is necessary to identify the species of nematodes dominant in the area, and strategic deworming of goats with broad spectrum anthelmintic is recommended to reduce the prevalence the parasites.
Abstract: The cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2019 to May, 2020 in Arbaminch city with the aim of estimation of the prevalence of GIT nematode infection and assesses the level of infection in goats at Arba Minch town, southern Ethiopia. Totally 384 pellets were taken from goats, and coprological examination by fecal floatation technique and ...
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Improving Women Farmers’ Income Through Organization of Self-help Group and Crossbred Heifers Distribution at Dodola District of West Arsi Zone
Alemayehu Arega,
Hikma Sultan,
Girma Chalchisa
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 6, November 2021
Pages:
168-174
Received:
1 November 2021
Accepted:
26 November 2021
Published:
24 December 2021
Abstract: The study was conducted in Kata Barenda Kebele of Dodola district in West Arsi zone with one FREG comprising of 10 participating women household with relatively lower income. The distribution of 10 in calf heifers done with the objective of improving income of rural women farmers and improving family nutritional balance through distribution of improved F1 in calf heifers and increase milk production. Training and experience sharing was arranged before and after heifer distribution. On average, one household own minimum one (1) with the maximum of three (3) crossbred animals. On average, the current monetary value of calves born form distributed crossbred cows were estimated to be 7571.4± 2636.7ETB. Milk production increased from 1.75±1.21 liter/Cow/day to 6.8±1.47 liter/Cow/day. Milk consumption and sale increased from 1.62±1.31 to 3.1±0.99, 0.72±1.27 to 3.4±0.96 lit/day, respectively. On average one household generated additional 1640 ± 469.51 ETB per month from sale of milk after intervention. They cover their expense for purchasing agricultural inputs, miscellaneous household expenditures and student’s school expense from the income generated. Meeting the demand for milk and milk products was the great success for the household after intervention not only meeting family nutrition but also minimizing the cost incurred for purchasing of milk and milk products.
Abstract: The study was conducted in Kata Barenda Kebele of Dodola district in West Arsi zone with one FREG comprising of 10 participating women household with relatively lower income. The distribution of 10 in calf heifers done with the objective of improving income of rural women farmers and improving family nutritional balance through distribution of impr...
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Silage Additives Usage in Improving Fermentation Quality of Alfalfa Silage: A Review
Pinar Tatli Seven,
Ismail Seven,
Seda Iflazoglu Mutlu,
Esra Nur Yildirim
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 6, November 2021
Pages:
175-180
Received:
4 November 2021
Accepted:
15 December 2021
Published:
24 December 2021
Abstract: Alfalfa is difficult to ensile due to its high protein content, low water-soluble carbohydrate level, low dry matter content, and high buffering capacity. Therefore, alfalfa has recently increased its efforts to make silage with additives. Silage additives have been used to enhancing the silage quality of alfalfa in recent years. This review covers research studies that have investigated the efficacy of silage additives on fermentation quality, the bacterial diversity of alfalfa silage using the Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) technique, the effects of microbial inoculant on these bacterial communities, silage's antioxidant enzymes, and unsaturated fatty acid levels. In recent studies, more clear information about bacterial communities in silage fermentation has begun to be obtained with the use of NGS technique. In studies using these techniques, it was reported that lactic acid bacteria (LAB) organic acid additions to alfalfa silage caused Lactobacillus, Pediococcus and Sporolactobacillus species to increase relatively in silage environment, the ratio of unwanted species decreased and silage quality increased. Although the amount of alpha-tocopherol, and beta carotene decreased by half in pure silage compared to fresh alfalfa, it was observed that LAB inoculation increased the ratio of alpha tocopherol, beta carotene and also polyunsaturated fatty acids. Future silage additives are expected to determine effects fermentation quality, the bacterial community, the antioxidant enzymes, and unsaturated fatty acid levels.
Abstract: Alfalfa is difficult to ensile due to its high protein content, low water-soluble carbohydrate level, low dry matter content, and high buffering capacity. Therefore, alfalfa has recently increased its efforts to make silage with additives. Silage additives have been used to enhancing the silage quality of alfalfa in recent years. This review covers...
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Let’ m Loose – The Importance of Off-Leash Walks for Pet Dogs
Sandra Foltin,
Udo Ganslosser
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 6, November 2021
Pages:
181-190
Received:
24 November 2021
Accepted:
16 December 2021
Published:
29 December 2021
Abstract: The approximate figure of pet dogs reported in Europe 2020 is 87.5 million. These dogs live mainly either in enclosed properties or their exercise takes place in form of a daily round of walks with their owner, frequently on a leash. The importance of regular exercise for dogs is well known and benefits to physiological and psychological well-being through off leash explorative behavior has been documented. Off leash walks benefit health and welfare because the dog’s individual natural gait, social transaction ability and exploration behavior are thereby supported. In this study the behavior of free-ranging (off-leash) pet dogs was assessed whilst walking in familiar and unfamiliar areas with their owner and not being signaled or called to. Data were collected to measure distance travelled and duration dogs spent away from their owner during the walks to determine and compare speed and movement patterns of dog and owner respectively. The roaming behavior of the dogs was measured via GPS. All dogs displayed individual speed and exploration patterns and covered significantly longer distances at significantly higher speed compared to their owners. The majority of dogs, however, remained within a radius of 150 m of their owner all the time. Therefore, while it is inevitable for dogs to be on a leash in some situations whilst sharing our urban environment, safe and enriched areas for off leash activities are strongly recommend to ensure pet dogs’ physiological and psychological welfare by being able to explore in their own speed and employing their individual movement patterns.
Abstract: The approximate figure of pet dogs reported in Europe 2020 is 87.5 million. These dogs live mainly either in enclosed properties or their exercise takes place in form of a daily round of walks with their owner, frequently on a leash. The importance of regular exercise for dogs is well known and benefits to physiological and psychological well-being...
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Prevalence of Brucella abortus in Cattle in the Njala and Newton Ranches of Sierra Leone Using Serological Analysis
Mahmud Emkay Sesay,
Esther Marie Kanu,
Victor Patrick Bagla,
Prince Emmanuel Norman
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 6, November 2021
Pages:
191-195
Received:
28 October 2021
Accepted:
13 November 2021
Published:
29 December 2021
Abstract: Brucellosis disease is problematic in early abortion in herds, reduces the economic value of farm animals, reduces milk production and limits the breeding efficiency of cattle. A study was conducted to determine and compare the prevalence of antibodies against Brucella abortus in cattle under same husbandry practices at the Njala University, Njala campus and the Newton cattle holding ranches. A total of 80 cattle was randomly sampled and screened for the presence of B. abortus utilizing the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT). Results indicated that the general seroprevalence was 57.5% in Njala University cattle ranch and 92.5% Newton cattle ranch. The prevalence of infection increased with the age of animals i.e. from 3.75% to 47.5% (22.5%) in age groups <3yrs to 3-5yrs (5-8yrs), respectively. The female animals were more infected (52.5%) than the males (22.5%). The disease was more prevalent among different age groups and sexes in Newton cattle ranch than in Njala University. Findings showed no significant difference between the prevalence of B. abortus in the cattle of Njala University and Newton cattle ranches. The prevalence of brucellosis was however enzootic at the two studied sites. This study is relevant for policy makers, researchers, ministry of agriculture and the public for the promotion of regular testing of cattle and utilizing appropriate mitigation strategies to minimize the risk of the brucellosis disease.
Abstract: Brucellosis disease is problematic in early abortion in herds, reduces the economic value of farm animals, reduces milk production and limits the breeding efficiency of cattle. A study was conducted to determine and compare the prevalence of antibodies against Brucella abortus in cattle under same husbandry practices at the Njala University, Njala ...
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