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Heavy Metals Monitoring Using Commercially Important Crustacean and Mollusks collected from Egyptian and Saudi Arabia Coasts
Hala A. Abdel- Salam,
Salwa A. H. Hamdi
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, May 2014
Pages:
49-61
Received:
24 March 2014
Accepted:
10 April 2014
Published:
20 April 2014
Abstract: The objectives of this study was to determine and compare the concentration levels of five selective essential trace metals ( Fe, Cu, Zn, Co and Se) and three non-essential metals (Hg, Pb and Cd) in the edible muscle tissues of commercially important species of male and female crustaceans (Erugosquilla massavensis, Penaeus semisulcatus, Metapenaeus monoceros, Portunus pelagicus) and mollusks (Sepia spp. And Cardium edule). It was carried out also to evaluate the bioaccumulation process of the elements based on the Metal Pollution Index (MPI) as an attempt to use these organisms as bioindicators of pollution of Mediterranean Sea, Red Sea and the Arabian gulf and to ensure the seafood safety from these regions. The obtained results revealed that significant variations of Fe, Cu, Zn, Co, Hg, Pb and Cd levels in edible muscles of crustacean and mollusk organisms were observed at different localities surveyed, as well as between sex of each species and environmental areas. The present data also, show that MPI factor of essential metals were higher than that of non-essential heavy metals in all studied organisms. Moreover, MPI values suggested that mantis shrimps E. massavensis and bivalve mollusks C. edule have a greater capacity for metal bioaccumulation than shrimps, crab and cephalopod mollusks, so E. massavensis and C. edule are more vulnerable to metal pollution than the other studied species. Therefore, it is suggested that E. massavensis and C. edule can be used as bioindicators of metal pollution
Abstract: The objectives of this study was to determine and compare the concentration levels of five selective essential trace metals ( Fe, Cu, Zn, Co and Se) and three non-essential metals (Hg, Pb and Cd) in the edible muscle tissues of commercially important species of male and female crustaceans (Erugosquilla massavensis, Penaeus semisulcatus, Metapenaeus...
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Assessment of Dairy Cattle Husbandry and Breeding Management Practices of Lowland and Mid-Highland Agro-Ecologies of Borana Zone
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, May 2014
Pages:
62-69
Received:
18 February 2014
Accepted:
20 April 2014
Published:
30 April 2014
Abstract: This survey was carried out in Borana zone to assess the existing breed/breed strain and herd structure, husbandry practices for the animal, rate of inbreeding, and reproductive and productive performance of dairy cattle. Hence, various strains of Borana cattle and cattle type of neighboring adjacent zone, namely Qorti, Geleba, cross of Qorti and Geleba, Guji and Konso subtype, were observed, except non existence of Konso in mid-highland, in both agro-ecologies. Qorti was the true and preferred cattle strain for its potential milk production capacity however it was at decreasing trend due to the feed shortage resultant from the change in climatic condition combined with shrinkage of grazing land. Respectively, the coefficient of inbreeding was 0.0059 and 0.0088 for the lowland and mid-highland area which seemed to be less than the maximum acceptable level however the prevalence of inbreeding was inhabitable as long as there was uncontrolled mating practice. The average age of sexual maturity, calving interval, reproductive life time and crops of calves during the life time of female were 3.9 and 3.7 years, 16.8 and 13.8 months, 11.5 and 10.9 years, and 7.1 and 6.6 calves in the lowland and mid-highland area, respectively. Average age of sexual maturity and the reproductive life time of the breeding bull were 4.6 and 4.2, and 9.86 and 7.68 years in the lowland, and mid-highland areas, respectively. Milk production of both agro-ecologies and the seasons of the year were characterized by paramount variation and hence a cow could produce daily 1.85 and 1.10 liter during the wet, and 0.35 and 0.95 liter during the dry season from the lowland and mid-highland area, respectively. Therefore, the higher proportion of cows and young animals in the herd endeavor large crops of calves for rapid herd growth and enhance cattle productivity of the country, provided that there is appropriately and efficiently enacting of multifaceted strategies to improve the reproductive performance and combat the danger of genetic dilution from cattle type of adjacent zone, and the problem of feed shortage and nutritive value deterioration.
Abstract: This survey was carried out in Borana zone to assess the existing breed/breed strain and herd structure, husbandry practices for the animal, rate of inbreeding, and reproductive and productive performance of dairy cattle. Hence, various strains of Borana cattle and cattle type of neighboring adjacent zone, namely Qorti, Geleba, cross of Qorti and G...
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Mathematical Model of Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis Considering the Seasonal Breeding
Teppei Hirata,
Yoshihito Yonahara,
Faramarz Asharif,
Takeshi Miyagi,
Tsutomu Omatsu,
Yasushi Shiroma,
Tetsuya Mizutani,
Yasunori Nagata,
Shiro Tamaki
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, May 2014
Pages:
70-74
Received:
23 March 2014
Accepted:
14 April 2014
Published:
30 April 2014
Abstract: This study was aimed at developing mathematical model of caprine arthritis encephalitis (CAE) and considering effective measures to prevent CAE’s infection spread. This model took account of the fluctuation of infection rate due to seasonal breeding. New CAE model was constructed based on the sexually transmitted disease (STD) model. The new model was implemented the new function represented cyclical changes of infection rate to include the changes of the seasonal breeding. And definition equation of basic reproductive numbers (R0) was constructed in reference previous study. In order to consider effective measures to prevent CAE’s infection, the spread of CAE’s infection was performed simulation.
Abstract: This study was aimed at developing mathematical model of caprine arthritis encephalitis (CAE) and considering effective measures to prevent CAE’s infection spread. This model took account of the fluctuation of infection rate due to seasonal breeding. New CAE model was constructed based on the sexually transmitted disease (STD) model. The new model ...
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Degummed Crude Canola Oil Supplementation Affects Fat Depot Melting Points in Purebred and First-Cross Merino Sheep
Aaron Ross Flakemore,
Peter David McEvoy,
Razaq Oladimeji Balogun,
Bunmi Sherifat Malau-Aduli,
Peter Nichols,
Aduli Enoch Othniel Malau-Aduli
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, May 2014
Pages:
75-80
Received:
3 April 2014
Accepted:
22 April 2014
Published:
30 April 2014
Abstract: The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that degummed crude canola oil (DCCO) will lower fat melting points (FMP) of both visceral and subcutaneous fats in lambs. Twenty-four lambs comprising purebred and first-cross Merino progeny from Dorset, White Suffolk and Merino sires mated to purebred Merino ewes were supplemented with varying levels of DCCO over a nine-week period. The experimental treatment groups were: Control (1kg plain wheat-based pellets only), Medium (500g plain wheat-based pellets + 500g wheat-based pellets containing DCCO), and High (1kg wheat-based pellets containing DCCO at a concentration of 50ml/kg) supplementation levels. The flock comprised eight wether and ewe lambs per treatment. However, at the end of the trial, four Merino ewes were retained in the flock for breeding purposes, while the remaining twenty lambs were slaughtered in a commercial abattoir. Visceral fat samples were taken from the kidney region and subcutaneous fat samples were taken from the Longissimus dorsi muscle. FMP was determined using temperature slip point methodology in the laboratory. DCCO had significant effects on the FMP of both subcutaneous (p 0.0002) and visceral (p<0.0001) fats, with the lowest FMP achieved at high levels of supplementation in both fat depots. Significant sire breed differences (p<0.0001) were also detected in which Dorset-sired progeny had the highest melting points in both fat depots. The results of this study indicate that within fat depots, DCCO supplementation produced softer fats with lower melting points, suggesting potentially healthier fats likely to contain higher levels of unsaturated fatty acids.
Abstract: The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that degummed crude canola oil (DCCO) will lower fat melting points (FMP) of both visceral and subcutaneous fats in lambs. Twenty-four lambs comprising purebred and first-cross Merino progeny from Dorset, White Suffolk and Merino sires mated to purebred Merino ewes were supplemented with varyin...
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Response of Broiler Chicken to Diets Containing Different Mixture Powder Levels of Red Pepper and Black Pepper as Natural Feed Additive
Safa Mohamed A/Wahab El-Tazi
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, May 2014
Pages:
81-86
Received:
30 April 2014
Accepted:
14 May 2014
Published:
30 May 2014
Abstract: The effect of feeding different mixture powder levels of red and black pepper as natural feed additives on productive performance, carcass characteristics and economical efficiency were studied. A total of one hundred and sixty one-day old, unsexed (Ross-308) broiler chicks were randomly divided into four experimental groups. Each group was further subdivided into five replicates at the rate of eight chicks per pen in complete randomized design. The birds were fed on two basal diets (starter and finisher diet). The red pepper (Capsicum annum.L) and black pepper (Piper nigrum.L) were added in different mixture levels to the basal diets resulting in four experimental groups. The first group (A) fed on basal diets without feed additives (control diet). The other groups (B), (C) and (D) were fed on basal diets supplemented with different mixture powder levels of 0.4% (0.2% red pepper + 0.2% black pepper), 0.6% (0.3% red pepper + 0.3% black pepper) and 1% (0.5% red pepper + 0.5% black pepper) respectively. The experimental diets were fed for 6-weeks duration. Health of the stock and performance parameters were recorded. At the end of the experiment, the birds were slaughtered, dressed then used for different parameters and economical evaluation were calculated. The results showed that, the diet with 1% mixture powder of red and black peppers had significantly (P<0.05) heaviest body weight gain, higher feed intake, best feed conversion ratio, highest dressing percentage, highest percentage of commercial cuts (breast, drumstick and thigh) with the highest percentages of liver and gizzard. The birds fed with the control diet produced significantly (P<0.05) highest abdnominal fat percentage. The mortality rate was not significantly affected by the inclusion of mixture of red and black peppers powder in broiler diet. The highest profitability ratio (1.81) was obtained by the diet supplemented with 1% mixture powder level. It was concluded that using a mixture as feed additives at level 1% enhance the overall performance and carcass quality of broiler chicken.
Abstract: The effect of feeding different mixture powder levels of red and black pepper as natural feed additives on productive performance, carcass characteristics and economical efficiency were studied. A total of one hundred and sixty one-day old, unsexed (Ross-308) broiler chicks were randomly divided into four experimental groups. Each group was further...
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