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Evaluation of the Proximate, Mineral, Phytochemical and Amino Acid Composition of Bidens Pilosa as Potential Feed/Feed Additive for Non-Ruminant Livestock
Philip Cheriose Nzien Alikwe,
Elijah Ige Ohimain,
Soladoye Mohammed Omotosho
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, March 2014
Pages:
18-21
Received:
28 January 2014
Published:
10 March 2014
Abstract: Bidens pilosa are popular weeds in the South West Region of Nigeria which are self-propagated by glueing itself on farmer’s dresses and animal’s skin. Bidens pilosa leaf meal (BPLM) were analyzed to determine proximate nutrient content, amino acid composition, phytochemicals and mineral constituents. The protein content of the leafmeal from the plant is 15.86%, These values are high compared to those for some common Nigerian weeds used as forage plants. Leaves had high percentage of crude fibre (18.13%). Carbohydrates, lipid, moisture and ash contents were within the range expected for dry leafy vegetable. Five (5) essential amino acids were found in varying proportions in the protein of Bidens pilosa Leafmeal. The phytochemicals analyzed indicated the presence of tannins, alkaloids, saponins, phenols and glycoside in the BPLM were lower than the range of values reported for most vegetables. Hence may serve as a good source of feed or feed additive for non-ruminants such as pigs, rabbits and guinea pigs.
Abstract: Bidens pilosa are popular weeds in the South West Region of Nigeria which are self-propagated by glueing itself on farmer’s dresses and animal’s skin. Bidens pilosa leaf meal (BPLM) were analyzed to determine proximate nutrient content, amino acid composition, phytochemicals and mineral constituents. The protein content of the leafmeal from the pla...
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Microbial contamination Load of Hatching Eggs in Butaleja, Eastern Uganda
James Higenyi,
John David Kabasa
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, March 2014
Pages:
22-30
Received:
10 February 2014
Published:
20 March 2014
Abstract: The continued malnutrition and poverty challenges in the poor rural households of Uganda have led to adoption of the policy on modernization of agriculture from subsistence to commercial production as a strategic intervention. As such, the poultry industry has received much attention because of its short generation interval, high rate of productivity, limited land demand, low economic values, minimal cultural/ religious taboos, and manure which complements crop-livestock subsystems. As a result, the sector has evolved with emergence of innovative hatchery technologies. Hatchability and chick quality problems are emerging concerns in hatcheries under village production system. Microbial infection critically influences hatchability and quality of chicks in hatcheries. The objective of this study was to determine microbial contaminations in hatching eggs and predict the effect on hatchability in Butaleja district of Uganda. Experimental and descriptive survey tools were employed. Results reveal that, important microbial contaminants in hatching eggs included Escherichia coli, Proteus, Pseudomonas aerogenous, Staphylococcus aureus and fungal microbes. Prevalence evaluation of the microbes showed the following; Escherichia coli (19%), fungi (3%), Proteus (2%), Pseudomonas aerogenous (9%) and Staphylococcus aureus (18%) on outer shell surface and Pseudomonas aerogenous (4%) and Staphylococcus aureus (4%) inside the egg. The key risk factors identified were associated with location of the farm, breed type, poor farm hygiene, prolonged egg storage days, lack of laying nests and predominance of free-range system. It is important to implement farmers’ education campaigns to disseminate knowledge and skills on modern poultry production and management practices together with improvement of local breed to adopt the new innovation.
Abstract: The continued malnutrition and poverty challenges in the poor rural households of Uganda have led to adoption of the policy on modernization of agriculture from subsistence to commercial production as a strategic intervention. As such, the poultry industry has received much attention because of its short generation interval, high rate of productivi...
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Prevalence and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Streptococcus spp. in Cows with Mastitis in Germi, Iran
Gharari Kia,
Ghasemi Mehdi,
Radjabalizade Keyvan
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, March 2014
Pages:
31-35
Received:
28 February 2014
Published:
20 March 2014
Abstract: Streptococci are frequently isolated from bovine mastitis in dairy cows with only limited information about the antimicrobial susceptibility of these organisms. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from clinical cases of bovine mastitis in Germi, Iran; and determine their susceptibility to some antibiotics. 700 milk samples collected from traditional and industrial dairy cattle husbandry suspected of having mastitic udders were submitted to laboratory for bacteriologic identification by biochemical and serological methods. The susceptibility patterns were studied by agar disk diffusion methods (ADDM). A total of 525 (75%) of the milk samples streptococci isolate belonging to 3 species namely S. agalactiae (52.95%), S. dysgalactiae (25.57%) and S. uberis (18.48%). All of isolates were resistant to streptomycin. Sensitivity to other antibiotics tested was varied. In comparison with other antibiotics amoxicillin and cephalexin were the most effective, in vitro. These species of streptococcus are of great public importance and the antibiotic susceptibility tests should be performed together with the identification of the bacterial agents in order to achieve effective treatment.
Abstract: Streptococci are frequently isolated from bovine mastitis in dairy cows with only limited information about the antimicrobial susceptibility of these organisms. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from clinical cases of bovine mastitis in Germi, Iran; and determine their susceptibility to som...
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Effect of Concentrate Supplementation on Performances of Ethiopian Lowland Afar and Blackhead Ogaden Lambs
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, March 2014
Pages:
36-41
Received:
1 March 2014
Published:
30 March 2014
Abstract: The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of increased concentrate supplementation on nutrient intake, growth performance, carcass characteristics, duration of feeding and profitability of Ethiopian Afar and Blackhead Ogaden (BHO) lambs. Forty-eight lambs (24/breed) initially weighing 17.84±1.6 kg were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments (T) in Complete Randomized Design. Each lamb was fed on tef straw ad libtium and supplemented with 150, 300, 450 g d-1 of concentrate (containing 19.4% crude protein (CP) and 11.28 MJ ME kg-1DM) in T1, T2 and T3, respectively. Intake and growth trial lasted for 126 days, followed by digestibility trial of 7 days. Dry matter (DM) intake increased (p<0.0001) with increasing concentrate offer in lambs in general, but higher (p<0.05) in Afar than in BHO lambs. Intake of CP peaked at the highest level of supplementation. Increased (p<0.0001) digestibility of DM, CP, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were noted at higher concentrate offer in Afar lambs. Average daily gain of lambs increased (p<0.0001) with increased concentrate, and lambs reached the target weight (25-30kg) for export market relatively within short period of feeding at higher than lower level of concentrate supplementation. Given equal level of concentrate, Afar lambs reached the target weight in less days of feeding than BHO lambs. Increasing concentrate has resulted in increased slaughter weight (SW), hot carcass weight (HCW), dressing percent (DP) and lean-to-fat ratio (LFR) in Afar lambs, while it improved SW, HCW and DP in BHO lambs. This study indicated that increased meat production measured in terms of live weight change and carcass yield in Afar and BHO lambs can be achieved at high concentrate supplementation with profit.
Abstract: The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of increased concentrate supplementation on nutrient intake, growth performance, carcass characteristics, duration of feeding and profitability of Ethiopian Afar and Blackhead Ogaden (BHO) lambs. Forty-eight lambs (24/breed) initially weighing 17.84±1.6 kg were randomly assigned to three dietary treatm...
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Social and Quality Attributes Influencing Consumption of Native Poultry in Eastern Uganda
James. Higenyi,
John. David. Kabasa,
Charles. Muyanja
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, March 2014
Pages:
42-48
Received:
15 February 2014
Published:
30 March 2014
Abstract: Poultry consumers in Uganda are increasingly interested in consumption of native chicken compared to duck and turkey meat. By far the most important driving force for selective consumption is preference. The aim of this study was to determine the factors that influence preference for consumption of native poultry in Butaleja and Tororo districts. A field survey of rural and peri-urban poultry consumers and food service providers was conducted through semi-structured interviews using questionnaires; and a total of 195 respondents were covered. The assessment parameters included: socio-economic factors, acceptability, purchase and consumption preference criteria, aversion reasons, choice and frequency of consumption and limitations. The results of survey revealed high acceptability of all native poultry meat types 80.35%. The main economic activity of consumers was non-salary employment 71.3%. The most significant (p<0.001) attributes that guided consumer purchasing behaviour and consumption were eating quality attributes 26.26% , product availability 26.74% and product size 50.62% . In addition, consumption preference for duck meat was very significantly (p<0.05) associated with location, tribe and religion. The use of the poultry products by food service providers was dependent on customer preference 65% and price 71.4%. The main reasons for aversion to use and consume the turkey and duck meat were: perception of sanitary conditions 44% and product unavailability 21.9%. Consumers frequently ate chicken 1 to 2 times 55.8% in a month and none at all for duck and turkey meat 73.7%. The main significant (p<0.001) limitations to frequency of consumption were product unavailability 57.32%and market price 42.51%. Consumer concerns of good health 52.8% and sensory quality 61.1% influenced their choices to buy and eat prepared poultry form. In conclusion, socio-economic factors, perception of quality cues and quality attributes influence purchasing and consumption preference. Therefore, sensitization campaigns on nutritional quality, modern production and value addition is necessary.
Abstract: Poultry consumers in Uganda are increasingly interested in consumption of native chicken compared to duck and turkey meat. By far the most important driving force for selective consumption is preference. The aim of this study was to determine the factors that influence preference for consumption of native poultry in Butaleja and Tororo districts. A...
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